Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required of firms to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and ....., such firms tend to be very large.
我的理解: 此处required是expenditures的定语,因此,require的用法只有三种,require sb to do sth, require sb that, and require of sb that
I agree with allen's viewpoint. "required" is modifying expenditures here and can be omitted.
我也同意楼上的意见,require最常见就是以上三种用法。OG181题ETS完全没有提到是否require of sb to do sth是一种固定用法!另外,我感觉required of firms to survive在og 181中的意思不太一样~原句是:
Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required of firms to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and ....., such firms tend to be very large.
这里的加粗部分我觉得应该理解为大量的调查研究费用是公司们生存的必要条件。在这里required of 的功能更接近于the requirement of 不过更为简洁。所以我觉得和其他的三种require的用法不一样!
一家之言,还请大家讨论!!
那如果 of 改成 for 呢?
the research and expenditures required FOR firms to survive 是不是正确的表达呢?