揽瓜阁做题小分队 第36天 抗生素之利弊

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Recent research into antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains suggests the need for a reexamination of the frequency with which doctors prescribe antibacterial therapy. One study demonstrated, for example, that most minor bacterial infections will resolve without treatment within 5 to 14 days of onset of symptoms; a course of antibiotics might reduce that time frame by only 1 to 2 days. A second study indicated that the incidence of “superbugs,” which have resistance to a wide variety of antibacterial agents, is increasing significantly and that these bugs are more likely to spread among those who have been treated with antibiotics within the past 5 years. In particular, researchers have become alarmed by NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase), which is not a single bacterial species, but a multiple-antibiotic-resistant enzyme capable of infecting other strains of bacteria.

It is true that the proliferation of superbugs likely owes a great deal to the mistaken prescription of antibacterial treatment for viral infections, against which such treatment is ineffective, and to the routine addition of antibiotics to livestock feed in order to increase meat yields. Additionally, it is possible that ongoing research into the means by which resistance spreads among bacterial communities may lead to a new generation of antibiotics to which bacteria are unable to develop resistance. Yet these factors do not change the need for individual physicians to be more circumspect about drug therapy when treating cases of true bacterial infection.

1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) discussing research into the symptoms of bacterial infections
(B) explaining a change in the frequency with which antibacterial therapy is prescribed
(C) contrasting the views of doctors and medical researchers with respect to prescribing drugs
(D) questioning the routine prescription of antibiotics for bacterial infections
(E) contending that physicians need to be more careful about distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections

2. The research cited in the first paragraph suggests which of the following about antibacterial therapy?
(A) It frequently leads to infection with NDM-1.
(B) It is not generally used to treat minor bacterial infections.
(C) It may help to reduce the incidence of “superbugs” that are especially hard to treat.
(D) Reducing the rate at which such therapy is used would cause fewer bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics.
(E) Its short-term benefits, if they exist, may not outweigh the potential harm to the broader population.

参考答案：

DE

断了的弦

bc

luoyiruoyi

BD

SchodingerCat

DE

Leilanico

1:  D
2:E

miemie_yang

B A

断了的弦

各位，第一题的b和d怎么判断啊，好像都有道理

juno_yf

De

Leilanico

这个阅读是曼哈顿gmat的第7部，阅读理解里面的例题。

最近对抗生素抵抗细菌的研究建议医生有必要重新检查给开抗生素疗法处方的频率。第一个研究表明，例如，最小的细菌感染在开始有症状一直到被人体消灭过程中不进行任何的治疗需要5到14天时间；抗生素当然可能会缩短1到2天的康复时间。第二个研究表明了人们对抗生素药剂有着广泛多样的抗性的“超级病菌”的感染率大幅度增加，而且这些病菌对在过去5年内使用过抗生素的病人中更容易传播。特别是，调查者被NDM-1（New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase）所震惊，它不只是单一细菌物种，更是能感染其他细菌菌株的多重抗生素抗性酶。

的确，超级细菌的繁殖很可能对错误的病毒性感染的抗生素疗法有很大影响，而这种治疗是无效的，并且在畜牲的日常喂养中添加抗生素的目的是提高肉的产量。此外，继续对细菌群体传染的抗性研究下去可能会引领一个抑制细菌发展抵抗的新一代抗生素。然而，这些因素不会改变个体医生在对真正的细菌感染病例进行药物治疗时更加谨慎小心的需求。

1. 这个段落主要讲的是
A：讨论对细菌感染的症状的研究 （文中没有提及）
B：解释处方对抗生素疗法的频率改变（文中提及医生需要斟酌处方里对抗生素疗法的使用频率，但不是主要讨论点）
C：医生和医学研究人员在开处方药方面的不同观点 （文中没有提及）
D：提出对细菌感染开的常规抗生素处方的质疑 （正确答案）
E：争论医生需要对病毒和细菌感染的辨别上更加谨慎小心（文中没有提及）

2. 文章第一段落中引用的研究，以下哪项与抗生素疗法有关？
A：它经常导致感染NDM-1
B：它通常不被用来治疗小的细菌感染
C：它可能会帮助减少对特别难治愈的“超级病菌”的感染
D：降低这种疗法的使用频率可以导致更少的细菌对抗生素产生耐药性
E：它的短期利益，如果存在的话，可能无法抵消对广大民众的潜在危害（正确答案）

速水愛媛

DD