For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, and leaving late every night. Manhattan 语法的解释是, the -ing phrase provide additional information about how Sal applied himself.
2.OG30. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
Logical predication; Rhetorical construction
The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items themselves as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment.
A A method to protect is awkward and inaccurate in reference to items.
B The singular method should not refer to the plural items; as a method protecting is awkward and not idiomatic.
C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.
D The prepositional phrase as a protection of warriors is awkward and imprecise; using the noun form protection creates wordiness and is awkward in reference to items.
E Although the infinitive to protect would work if it were not preceded by a comma, it cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying items.
3.Manhattan 第四章的句子和这本书对-ing phrase的解释。
Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, and leaving late every night.
Manhattan 语法的解释是, the -ing phrase provide additional information about how Sal applied himself.
4.OG12#65
In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.
我觉得这里的“absorbing… ”这个phrase 也是解释补充整个前句,而不是前句a breakwater of rocks would rise and act as a buffer造成的一个结果。