请教，如果介词+V-ing在句尾，可表伴随么

旅行的蜗牛

V-ing在句尾表示伴随，那如果介词+V-ing在句尾是不是也可以表示伴随呢？
就像V-ing在句首，是主句的状语；介词+V-ing在句首，也是主句的状语一样？

prep1-182.The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A.using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced

B.using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced

C.by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

D.by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E.which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

此题可否理解为CDE的in convincing是主句的伴随，逻辑主语是the organic food industry,错，所以排除呢？

小女子谢谢大家的帮忙啦啦啦~~~~

usny

正確答案是B嗎？如果是的話我大概能告訴你。

年轻的心

我找了些资料，对我也有帮助，愿意与大家分享~来源http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/the-organic-food-industry-t6929.html

1.Note that choice B maintains the present perfect tense: "has organized a campaign ... that has convinced." We cannot use the simple past tense "convinced" here, as that tense would not mesh with the present perfect. Moreover, "in convincing" is weak; we want to express that this campaign did the convincing. "In convincing" indicates that this campaign was just part of what convinced the Department. That is not the intended meaning of this sentence.

2.the posts here, for the most part, aren't accurate, except for choice (a). a previous poster correctly stated that choice (a) has incorrect subject-verb agreement (singular subject, plural verb).

--

the problem with (c) is NOT grammatical; the grammar of (c) is just fine.
the problem with (c) is that it uses two different transitions incorrectly.

* if you say "subject + clause + BY VERBing", then "by VERBing" must explain HOW the main clause occurred.
e.g.
i prepared for the test by reviewing takeaways on the MGMAT forums.
note that the boldface clause describes HOW i prepared for the test.

choice (c) means that using websites, etc. was how the industry organized the campaign -- in other words, they used the websites and public meetings to organize the campaign in the first place. that's an incorrect meaning.
(the campaign ITSELF used these things; the correct modifier in (a) and (b) shows that relationship.)

* if you say "subject + clause + IN VERBing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of VERBing.
e.g.
i solved all the problems in OG12 in preparing for the GMAT.
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.

choice (c) fails here, too, since organizing the campaign (the main clause) is not ACTUALLY PART OF convincing the government.

旅行的蜗牛

是的是的~选B愿闻其详~~

旅行的蜗牛

也就是说，句尾的介词+V-ing形式，不能都认为是表伴随，in+V-ing是表伴随，by+V-ing是表主语为达到主句的结果所做的动作？

旅行的蜗牛

正確答案是B嗎？如果是的話我大概能告訴你。

-- by 会员 usny (2011/3/28 3:53:05)

usny兄，你打算什么告诉我啊，我等的都快进化了

旅行的蜗牛

看了nancyhearste前辈的一个帖子，有这样一个想法：
如果介词+V-ing放在句首，逻辑主语一定主句主语，，没问题，做主句伴随
现在将介词+V-ing结构移到句尾（或句中），只是位置变化了，对句子结构并无影响。

如，in+V-ing表状态，by+V-ing表完成主句动作通过的方法，也是主句的状态，等等

这样理解对么，open to discuss~~~

kikisunflower

蜗牛说的是对的额

-ing在句首时逻辑主语就是主句主语，没错的；

-ing在句尾时有两种情况：
1、如果是表伴随动作（即与主句谓语同事发生），逻辑主语就是主句主语；
2、如果是表伴随结果，也就是主句导致了分词动作的产生，那么就没有逻辑主语，而且我觉得这个时候不能随便移动ing句子的位置，逻辑意思会乱的。

蜗牛后面举的例子又是另外一个问题了，就是介词+ing的情况。
1、介词+ing分词在句首，逻辑主语=主句主语
2、介词+ing分词在句尾，逻辑主语不一定是主句主语

kikisunflower

不太清楚蜗牛问的表伴随是什么意思，你是指“表伴随动作”么？

旅行的蜗牛

不太清楚蜗牛问的表伴随是什么意思，你是指“表伴随动作”么？

-- by 会员 kikisunflower (2011/3/30 14:57:41)

语法的情况太多，我说的可能不清楚，不好意思哦
对的对的，我其实是想问，句尾表伴随动作的时候，介词+V-ing是不是和V-ing相等，还是说有细微差别？