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Laurielin

都是复习中的琐碎问题 话不多说，就上问题啦~以后大家有问题就在这里讨论吧~
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-700719-1-1.html (附上OG13 12对照)
OG13 部分问题
1、 T1 fail in/ fail to 的区别， 我查了一下fail in 有不足、缺乏；失败的意思， fail to 则是未能做某事 。 Laurie的问题是，在前者做“失败”意义的时候，和fail to 的“未能”有很大的差别嘛？ fail in doing / fail to do 是这样的IDIOM对吗？
2、T7

The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.

我的问题是关于有些头疼的with，这里的with结构是修饰insect eye做状语成分？为什么OG的解释里说，如果用HAVING的话则逻辑意思就变成了the intricate structure "have"hundreds of miniature eyes. 而用with结构则可以避免这个问题，its就直接指代insect eye了？
3、 T8

In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such level that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.

在这个正确句子中，为什么them此处指代chambers没有指代歧义。而C选项OG却以them为指代歧义排除呢？
4、T12

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal level of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot.

其实只是想问otherwise在句子中的意思是什么？

5、T20

Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

想知道DOUBLE在这个句子里的词性是? DOUBLE不是可以直接用作动词吗？
另外就是这个题的ADE三个错误选项中都使用了代词 THAT OF ，OG没有解释，我的理解是THAT OF 指代的是前面的personal spending所以和未划线部分的personal spending重复了。这样的理解对吗？
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梦之队那里无缘无故的被审核了，很不爽....
以后在这里继续吧....
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6、T35
B选项earning them at a time that aviation was still so newu for many of the planes she flew to be
这个错误选项OG上的解释我就不重复了。但是OG没有指出引导词That，我想问time可以作为THAT的先行词嘛？
7. T40
关于C选项 year only if non-OPEC nations,which includes Norway,Mexico,and Russia,would be trimmed
OG解释中说would be 多余
我的理解是only if 引导真实条件句，所以加动词原形就可以了，这样理解对吗 ？
8.T43
1)关于C选项OG解释的疑惑：
C选项BUT Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them are members...
OG的解释说，them is unclear   为什么这里说unclear呢？（千行说，manhattan提到过possessive noun is poor antecedent!）不过还是不大明白~
2)Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced  in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
另外正确选项中，whom是引导定语从句嘛？（千行说的是，独立主格...有点不理解）

-------------------sth new
9  T132
Although appearing less appetizing than most of theirround and red supermarket cousins, heirloomtomatoes, grown from seeds saved during theprevious year—thev are often green and striped, orhave plenty of bumps and bruises—heirlooms aremore flavorful and thus in increasing demand.
  (A)  Although appearing less appetizing than most oftheir round and red supermarket cousins,heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds savedduring the previous year
(B)  Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year, appear lessappetizing than most of their round and redsupermarket cousins

(C)  Although they appear less appetizing than mostof their round and red supermarket cousins,heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds savedduring the previous year

(D)  Grown from  s e e d s saved during the previousyear, heirloom tomatoes appear less appetizingthan most of their round and red supermarketcousins   

(E)  Heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds savedduring the previous year, although they appearless appetizing than most of their round and redsupermarket cousins

               
这个题我对正确答案没有异议~ 我的疑问在于，关于D选项OG的解释是“Beginning the sentence with the explanatory clause grownfrom seeds... gives it too much importance. It could be construed as the reason why heirloom tomatoes appear less appetizing, which is contrary to the truth. The sentence is also ungrammatical.”
如果Grown...放在句首和Grown...用两个逗号隔开，尽管都是修饰语，但是放在句首的时候更被强调。 可以这么理解吗？


------------------------- 7.24 STH NEW
10. T 134

Recently implemented “shift-work equation” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.

【OG的解释】Correct. The use of and in this sentenceunites the three parallel elements; the phrasewhile raising provides a clear contrast withhave reduced.
搜索了一些正确句子，还看到了RON关于WHILE用法的解释（表同时性；表对比）
但是只有表同时性的时候WHILE后才是V-ing形式，这里如果是表对比，应当接完整的句子才对...甚是疑惑
（已解决~多谢小默提供链接：http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/while?showCookiePolicy=true）

关于WHILE和Whereas的帖子（比较清楚了）：http://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=770110&highlight=While
引用内容：

1)意思是“当…时”，放句首或句中

2) 意思是“转折对比contrast”时，多放在句中，也可以放在句首。while表示对比概念的时候，两个事物要是同时发生（但是while本身并没有at the same time的意思，所以while at the same time是可以prep 1-96）

3)意思是“虽然、尽管”（让步）时，多放在句首。(=although)

4)表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。


While放在句中时要特别注意，像OG12-131的A选项，ETS说while 放在中间表示“同时发生”的意思大于对比的意思。

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hemodata

我的一些看法，欢迎指正昂


1、这道题没有考察idiom，我个人不知道这两个是不是idiom
但是几个方面你可以考虑，如果你对这两个组合感兴趣的话
一个是in，一般是表示一个范围
而to很多时候表示目的，意图
而且ving形式，很多时候表达了一种确切，不断重复的动作
所以这里to do会更好

2、ron提过，comma+ving的形式，通常是修饰主句的主语和动词的。而且从逻辑上，该主语确实也可以成为ing这一动作的发出者。

it是完整指代（你也可以理解成非常精确的指代，就是必须是指代的原物），而且同一句里面，一般指代对象不会改变。因此its和it指代的是同一个事物。而with结构修饰的是compound eye，因此its指代的还是它。

3、them的指代问题，你先看千行表这道题的h、i两列，ron对此的解释

另外，我个人觉得有一个知识点也是比较有帮助的
就是代词优先指代的是主句的重要名词，其次才是修饰成分。在e中，tourists是跟在by后面的修饰与，而在c中，tourists是从句的主语。所以优先级别有差异，e的情况产生歧义的相对可能性更小。

4、collions的解释，or else，if not...then

5、这里难道不是动词吗？...

对比对象是expect的增长比率（就是og说的sales trend），和上一季度的增长比率。比较中，实际的先行词（也就是比较词前面的对象）是省略了的，而more than double（也就是比较词）后面才有明确清晰的比较对象出现，即the 1.4 percent growthy rate，所以后面是完全不需要再补充一个代词的。这个代词无所指。

这道题你也可以看看千行表的e列。

Laurielin

hemodata 发表于 2013-7-7 00:08
我的一些看法，欢迎指正昂

贴一下~
fail in doing / fail to do  
fail in doing 是在做某事时失败了，一般指这件事已经做过了，结果是失败。
fail to do还没做某事，未能做某事。
两者是有区别的。

aeo斑竹的回答：
having和with 表示拥有时，having一般都是修饰主语，而with的结构更为灵活，从语义角度看待。

Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise 对cm来说并不致命的意思 be lethal level of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot.

hemodata

6、T35
B选项earning them at a time that aviation was still so newu for many of the planes she flew to be
这个错误选项OG上的解释我就不重复了。但是OG没有指出引导词That，我想问time可以作为THAT的先行词嘛？

应该是不可以。我搜索了og13+prep全部正确句子
time出现50多次，只有一次后面跟的是从句，就是T35
其余大部分时候都是不跟从句的名词或者表示倍数的times
所以你不用太担心这个了

7. T40
关于C选项 year only if non-OPEC nations,which includes Norway,Mexico,and Russia,would be trimmed
OG解释中说would be 多余
我的理解是only if 引导真实条件句，所以加动词原形就可以了，这样理解对吗 ？

if..., (then)...的条件或者虚拟语气中
if这一句是假设条件，也就是这一句一定要成真/确定，后面那句才有可能成立
那么从逻辑来看，if这一句中是不会出现情态动词的，无论是would还是别的
因为情态动词表示了一种不确定性（有语法书认为表示未来的不确定性，if从句可以用助动词，但是曼哈顿的五种分类里面显然否定了这个说法。说明至少GMAT不这样认为的。）

用中文举例：
如果明天太阳从西边出来，我们就去结婚吧！=〉correct
如果明天太阳有可能从西边出来，我们就去结婚吧！=〉wrong

你感受一下呢？

8.T43
1)关于C选项OG解释的疑惑：
C选项BUT Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them are members...
OG的解释说，them is unclear   为什么这里说unclear呢？（千行说，manhattan提到过possessive noun is poor antecedent!）不过还是不大明白~
2)Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced  in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
另外正确选项中，whom是引导定语从句嘛？（千行说的是，独立主格...有点不理解）

them unclear，我个人认为是这样的，they/them/those的指代都是有指向的，有一定的限定性。而在这个句子里，只是general的泛指其中一些人怎么怎么样。所以用没有限定的whom更合适。中文中的“他们”可以泛指，也可以具体指代，和英文这里有一点不同。

whom带着的是定语从句，不是独立主格。
独立主格的形式是：a noun.+a noun modifier；
独立主格的作用是：用于补充说明前面的整个clause，telling more details，不用于修饰某个单词。
这道题里面无论是形式还是功能，都不是独立主格。

Laurielin

hemodata 发表于 2013-7-21 14:07
6、T35
B选项earning them at a time that aviation was still so newu for many of the planes she flew t ...

6 嗯，关于only if 也就是说它和IF的用法规则都是一样的，对吧。
【MANHATTAN 的五种情况】
if……(then)
a. 表确定
e.g. If Sophie eats pizza,then she becomes ill.
= whenever Sophie eats pizza,she becomes ill.
b. 有一些不确定因素
e.g. If Sophie eats pizza, then she may become ill.
c. 特殊的表确定--用于将来时态
e.g. If Sophie eats pizza tomorrow, then she will become ill.
d. 不太可能的情况(将来)
e.g. If Sophie ate pizza tomorrow,then she would become ill.
if+hypothetical subjunctive , then conditional
e. 永不可能发生的情况（过去）
e.g. If Sophie had eaten pizza yesterday,then she would have become ill.
if+past perfect,then conditional perfect

以上是所有GMAT中的情况。另外，would/should 在GMAT中不省略

8 关于them我又考虑了一下
可否这样理解或者说记忆~
因为有介词OF所以用whom比them更清晰一些

Laurielin

在别贴讨论的关于 whether/if/ whether or not
Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quaters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 articrafts.   
                                                                                                                                                                                         
(A) if it can broaden its membership and leave

(B) whether it can broaden its membership and leave

(C) whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and leave

(D) its ability for broadening its membership and leaving        

(E) the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave                 

误区1 :不存在whether or not的表达→ 存在，表强调，但不concise
误区2：IF不能表达是否→可以！但是在间接问句中
Manhattan SC
Whether的用法
I do not know whether I will go. √。
I do no know whether or not I will go. Suspect（wordy）
I do not know if I will go. 错误（IF requires a consequence）
collins
if :used to introduce an indirect question⇒ ask him if he knows her
有道：IF 表达如果时，在间接问句中使用
综上~~IF在本题语义中不表达是否

圆小栗

Laurielin 发表于 2013-8-9 15:25
我实在逻辑正确率不行~~
前阵子决定挪到九月份考了，实力不足以HOLD考试啊·
加油别焦躁，还有二十来天！ ...

你改考试时间了啊~挺好。。我也想改尼玛九月份安排了别的事情。。。哎怪自己万恶的拖延症现在才开始急。。。= =

Laurielin

圆小栗 发表于 2013-8-8 17:30
被逻辑整的晕头转向。= = 8月底就考了真是焦躁。。。

我实在逻辑正确率不行~~
前阵子决定挪到九月份考了，实力不足以HOLD考试啊·
加油别焦躁，还有二十来天！好好练速度和理解~

圆小栗

Laurielin 发表于 2013-8-7 15:45
小栗~~最近好不好~~复习的肿么样

被逻辑整的晕头转向。= = 8月底就考了真是焦躁。。。

Laurielin

圆小栗 发表于 2013-7-22 21:27
呃。真是要羞愧抱头了。。。这几天一直没弄。。现在好不容易爬上了CD。。。羞愧。。我马上看~ ...

小栗~~最近好不好~~复习的肿么样

Laurielin

xiqiong 发表于 2013-7-31 22:46
In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive ...

嗯嗯 抽象最美~~
句子结构我差不多~~就是不知道为什么有时候犯抽，想不出来细节翻译的时候就抓狂了，不过语法也没必要，大结构大意思 哈哈哈~~

xiqiong

Laurielin 发表于 2013-7-31 21:43
In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive ...

In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance
翻译： 19世纪二十年代中期的H的关于西方电子公司的作品是一个集中的一系列试验的情境（这个试验是调查工作环境对工人表现的影响作用）
好吧。翻译的实在好恶心看着。所以抽象最美啊。

xiqiong

Laurielin 发表于 2013-7-31 21:43
In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive ...

啊啊。刚开始大意了木有看清。In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance
直接看句意：大致说，一个什么作品是一个一系列的什么。
然后再看修饰。前面修饰不用管。Ing修饰作定语修饰最近的名词。effect再由后面的从句定义。
这是最抽象的解题。因为你完整的解释出来很耗时。但是你大概明那是什么，找到主干和它的修饰就够了。

Laurielin

xiqiong 发表于 2013-7-13 21:17
有木有继续学习呢～加油喔~！

In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance.

(A) that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance
(B) investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance
(C) for investigating what the effects on workers' performance are that changes in working conditions would cause
(D) that investigated changes in working conditions' effects on workers' performance
(E) to investigate what the effects changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance


这道语义题好纠结~~小汐帮我看下~