OG13-SC107 几个疑问

waytous

107. While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity.
(A) While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it more expensive for them to
generate electricity.
(B) While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants, the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants make the electricity they generate more expensive.
(C) Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, it is the fixed costs that stem from building nuclear plants that makes the electricity they generate more expensive.
(D) It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants, whereas the electricity they generate is more expensive, stemmingfrom the fixed costs of building nuclear plants.
(E) The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants, but the electricity they generate is made more expensive because of the fixed costs stemming from building nuclear plants.

几个问题：
1. for的用法：文中在as后，有的地方没有for，有的地方什么也没有直接加名词。
请问，在何时用for何时用to何时什么也不加就行？看几个选项之间的区别，就让我有点晕。
2. 强调句：OG说除非有合理理由，不然不能用强调句。请问，什么情况下算是有使用强调句的compelling reason?
3. wordy?:
看A和C选项，结构上都形成了...that...that...的格式。我觉得挺awkward的，所以想请教，这样用，如果在没有别的错误的情况下，是否算错呢？


谢谢！

mmmmmignon

When you are dealing with ellipsis, it always helps to begin from the completely expanded version with all the words and then move your way to the abbreviated version by applying ellipsis along the way. I will do the same here:

Let's consider only the pertinent portion of the sentence.

1.        The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as the cost of running other types of power plants.
No issues here with the comparison. Both sides of the comparison are grammatically and logically parallel.

Now what if I replace "the cost of running" with "that". After it is obvious that we are comparing cost of running of the two categories of plants. But when I apply this ellipsis, I need something to connect "that" with "other types of power plants".

2. (Without connection with that)
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that other types of power plants. WRONG

2. (with correct connection)
The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as that for other types of power plants.
So this is where the preposition "for" comes from.

Now we continue with our ellipsis. We can indeed even omit "that" from here since this omission will not lead to any ambiguity.

3.        The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants.

So this is how I get to the correct sentence containing "for".

Now let's apply the same on the set of sentences:
1.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence of the disease among women.
1 to 2 - The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence of the disease among women.
2.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
2 to 3 - The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
3.        The incidence of the disease among men exceeds that among women.

So the key thing here is that as you replace or omit words, think about what connections you may need to get the correct sentence. The nature of the two sentences is different. In the Official sentence, the main component - cost of running - took direct object without the need of any preposition. So when we replaced this with "that" we needed a connection - i.e. a preposition. However, in the other example, the main component - incidence of the disease - itself needed a preposition to connect to the object and hence when we replaced it with "that" we did not need to get another preposition.

Thus when you cross-check your work in ellipsis, start from the complete sentence and then work your way to simplified version with replacement words and omitted words.

啃玉米的兔子

1) 关于for，以B为例：不用for的话，原句变成cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants，比较对象变成cost of runnng nuclear和other types of power plants，就犯了和A一样的错误；当用for时，比较后半部分变为(the cost) for other types of power plants后半句the cost能省略的原因：You can elide the the subject and verb of a clause that's placed in parallel with another if they are an exact match for their counterparts in the other clause   这边被省的cost在前半句出现，故可以省略。



2) 我觉得强调句一般情况下是不需要的（具体情况我也不知道怎么表达比较好），另外一些题目选项中的it is...that...是“伪装”的强调句。


3）在版版的千行中挖出来的~
GMAT writers really go out of their way to avoid repeated-word constructions such as "X THAT Y THAT Z" or "X OF Y OF". If you see something like "extent OF the shift OF light...", you can be 99.9% sure that it's incorrect.


希望没有误人子弟~

田六六

A说, it is the fi xed costs
that stem from building nuclear plants that makes it
more expensive for them to generate electricity，强调句就是去掉it is that 依然完整。。。这里面去掉之后，主语是costs，谓语是makes,主谓不一致。C D 多了一个for，，原文相比较的是run nuclear plants 比other type power plants 花费更高。。。不要加for。。。。。。。。。                       E选项的 as other types of power plants少了一个for，不用for的话原句变成cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants，比较对象变成cost of runnng nuclear和 cost of other plants，核工厂的运营成本与其它工厂的成本（可能是收购成本）对比。当用for时，句子变成the cost for other plants，歧义消除

weny0311

mmmmmignon 发表于 2015-1-24 18:52
When you are dealing with ellipsis, it always helps to begin from the completely expanded version wi ...

同意！               

发动机

shiran411413 发表于 2014-6-19 11:45
综合了各位大牛的分析及OG分析，自己总结如下：
(1) B中不用for的话，原句变成cost of running nuclear pla ...

请问一下，我不是非常理解这里所说的stemming没有正确的主语，您能解释一下吗～我自己有两种理解，一是D选项中的stemming from。。。的主语应该是主句的逻辑主语，即the electricity，所以逻辑上是错误的。二是，stemming from修饰前面的整句话，表示结果，这样逻辑也不对，所以排除。这样理解正确吗

shiran411413

综合了各位大牛的分析及OG分析，自己总结如下：
(1) B中不用for的话，原句变成cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants，比较对象变成cost of running nuclear和other types of power plants；当用for时，比较后半部分变为(the cost) for other types of power plants
后半句the cost能省略的原因：You can elide the subject and verb of a clause that's placed in parallel with another if they are an exact match for their counterparts in the other clause 这边被省的cost在前半句出现，故可以省略。
(2) “it is X that does Y”是一个强调句型，只有当有足够原因需要强调行动者X时， 才
会用此句型。如：It is Jane who knows the answer.
强调句一般是强调某个原因或个体，但这句话的意思其实只是比较两种cost贵贱，并不是强调哪种cost本身，所以没必要用强调句。这里比较才是原句要表达的核心意思。
(3)        关于” ...that...that...”,一般出现这种情况都是awkward的。当然也有正确选项是这
种形式的。A、C都是这种形式，因此这两项可以基本排除。
GMAT writers really go out of their way（费尽心思） to avoid repeated-word constructions such as "X THAT Y THAT Z" or "X OF Y OF Z” If you see something like "extent OF the shift OF light...", you can be 99.9% sure that it's incorrect.
(4)        关于A、D中的对比成分。
A中，“While it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as other types of power plants”，其中nuclear plants VS other types of power plants。 OG中并不认为A中关于这点的比较是错误的，因此我们也认为它是正确的。此处的比较还可以理解为：“to run nuclear plants VS (to run) other types of power plants”，即后者省略了to run.
D中，“It costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants”, nuclear plants VS for other types of power plants, 明显的不对称。
B中， “While the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as for other types of power plants”, the cost of running nuclear plants VS (the cost) for other types of power plants, 即后者省略了the cost，或者of running nuclear plants VS  for other types of power plants。这样也平行。
C中，“Even though it costs about the same to run nuclear plants as for other types of power plants”, 错误同D。但OG中并没有指出这一点。
E中，”The cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as other types of power plants”, of running nuclear plants VS other types of power plants,这一点也不对，后者缺少了介词for.
(5)        主谓一致：A、C中的makes造成了主谓不一致。
(6)        修饰。 D 中的“stemming from the fixed costs of building nuclear plants”是一个dangling modifier,即stemming没有正确的主语. E中的” but the electricity they generate is made more expensive”, 其中made多余。

rvdzyn

原句是 他们制造电的过程更贵
BCDE是  他们造出来的电更贵
这也可以有？？？

wuersanmo

这道题B选项会不会改变了句意呢？
原句说的是makes it more expensive for them to generate electricity，使这些工厂生产电更贵；
而B选项说的是 that makes the electricity they generate more expensive，他们生产的电更贵

luoxiaonian

花染水凉 发表于 2013-4-15 23:01
THX~~~这个问题都快被我抛到脑后去了~~XD

the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as (the cost) for other types of power plants.

the cost of running nuclear plants is about the same as (the cost) of running other types of power plants.

花染水凉

pwt930 发表于 2013-4-9 21:47
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-735625-1-1.html看这个！

THX~~~这个问题都快被我抛到脑后去了~~XD