关于modifier跟随的问题请教一下，非常感谢

12711399

As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
这里的whose ranks 是修饰的是generations 还是actors? whose ranks具体是什么意思？VING modifier如果描述整个前句的话，描述的内容不是需要同时发生的吗 WHILE OR The direct consequence of the preceding clause, 那么这里为什么ving的用法可以？在我理解里训练几代演员，不是DIRECT结果OF being famous artists, 也不可能是同时发生的。还有VING modifier当修饰一个NOUN的时候是否必须要贴近那个NOUN, prepositional phrase是否影响其修饰功能？

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally.
这一句里面从that will protect 开始一直都是在修饰a standardized way. 我的疑惑是这类型的restrictive modifier怎么感觉什么都可以修饰？  A OF B that ,that 修饰A 这里  再继续看下一句
Despite the increasing number of women graduating from law school and passing bar examinations,  the proportion of judges and partners at major law firms who are women has not risen comparably
这里面这个who肯定是在修饰judges and partners    A OF B 里 who 又在修饰B

怎么区别这类型的modifier正确还是不正确呢？

rylstar01

同意4楼的说法。再补充一下。
that和which通常会有跳跃修饰。
不过目前所看的which跳跃修饰也无非出现在A of B，A +介词+B中
that的话出现在A of B中。对于that与which等的限定对象，更多的时候根据句意来理解比较好。

杨雨琪

跟楼主一样的问题

TerraceHo

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a
standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many
audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music  illegally.
这一句里面从that will protect 开始一直都是在修饰a standardized way. 我的疑惑是这类型的restrictive modifier怎么感觉什么都可以修饰？  A OF B that ,that 修饰A 这里  再继续看下一句
Despite the increasing number of women graduating from law school and passing bar examinations,  the proportion of judges and partners
at major law firms who are women has not risen comparably
这里面这个who肯定是在修饰judges and partners    A OF B 里 who 又在修饰B

怎么区别这类型的modifier正确还是不正确呢？

-- by 会员 12711399 (2012/12/17 7:08:04)

沒有絕對的標準，只能根據meaning判斷。如果存在符合grammar和meaning要求的2個或以上的contenders的話，就可能有pronoun ambiguity問題。但是不絕對。

TerraceHo

As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training
several generations of actors whose ranks included Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
这里的whose ranks 是修饰的是generations 还是actors? whose ranks具体是什么意思？VING modifier如果描述整个前句的话，描述的内容不是需要同时发生的吗 WHILE OR The direct consequence of the preceding clause, 那么这里为什么ving的用法可以？在我理解里训练几代演员，不是DIRECT结果OF being famous artists, 也不可能是同时发生的。还有VING modifier当修饰一个NOUN的时候是否必须要贴近那个NOUN, prepositional phrase是否影响其修饰功能？

-- by 会员 12711399 (2012/12/17 7:08:04)

1、rank作為noun，有一個意思是“（属于或构成群体的）成员”，所以根據meaning推斷whose指代actors，generations意思不合理
2、present participle with comma與前面主語一般是同一個time frame，不是的話要通過時態的變化來表示
3、present participle with comma要求與主句動作或同時發生/具有隸屬關係/表示結果。這裡屬於具有隸屬關係，後者隸屬於前者。
4、修飾noun是present participle without comma，或者是present participle with comma並且要求放在主語之後。這類型noun modifier要求符合touch rule，當然也有例外。
5、prepositional phrase是否影響要具體分析，不確定prep修飾的內容難說。

12711399

我再来顶

12711399

我继续顶

12711399

我顶