(GWD-1-Q2) 求助

非同反想

By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A.    their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B.    from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C.    to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D.    in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges            
E.    to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges


A.    their指代the company错误。Ranging使得后面的分句没有谓语。 (prep 08 sc笔记)
前面的 解释理解 就是后面的a market ranging 不可以理解成独立主格么?
希望大家能给与解答。。 谢谢！

Miranda98

千贺铃 发表于 2014-1-28 16:29
同位语与独立主格的区别：
1同位语一般式名词短语（不能是代词），同位语身后可以带修饰语（比如介词短语， ...

谢谢！！看了你的答复收获很大！
不过最后是不是有一点点typo呀，我觉得应该是"逻辑谓语除用介词短语外，还可用其它多种形式充当"

千贺铃

同位语与独立主格的区别：
1同位语一般式名词短语（不能是代词），同位语身后可以带修饰语（比如介词短语，that从句，后置定语，形容词短语），同位语指代先行词（和先行词说的是同一事物），不同类的东西不能作同位语，用as过渡表“作为 ”。先行词紧邻逗号，同位语不可跳跃修饰（即先行词和逗号之间不能有与先行词无关的修饰语）。同位语说明、解释先行词的内容。
ex：Li, the father, works at a factory.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.

2 而独立主格全称为独立主格结构 （absolute nominal construction）是一种状语，实质上是带有自己逻辑主语的非限定分句或无动词分句。说它是一种状语，是因为它起一般状语的句法作用， 修饰句中主语+谓语、表语等句子成分；说它是独立结构，是因为它带有自己的逻辑主语，而在结构上与主句不发生关系 --- 尽管在意义表达上起着与一般状语相同的作用。独立主格可以表示与主句伴随，主句的结果、原因、方式、条件、时间等其他状语可以起到的作用。
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语、宾语不同，或者说独立主格的逻辑主语在主句中没出现，它独立存在。这是独立主格和同位语的本质区别，同位语的先行词和同位语本身是一体的。而独立主格的主语和主句中的任何名词性成分不同，但是可以有一些关联性，例如Ron神给的例句。因为独立主格和主句种的成分没有直接的指代关系，所以不存在跳跃修饰的问题。
　2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。同位语的修饰语和同位语本身的关系是修饰关系！不是主谓关系。
　　3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
John, his arms flailing in the wind, called out desperately for help.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
例：He went off, gun in hand.
此句中gun in hand 就是独立主格结构，修饰went off，说明“他离开”时的情形。若进一步分析，该结构中的gun就是逻辑主语，而介词短语in hand自然就是逻辑谓语了。
逻辑主语除用介词短语外，还可用其它多种形式充当，如：
The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside. (形容词短语wet and slippery)
His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his helcute. (-ed分词短语drowned by the noise)
John, his arms flailing in the wind, called out desperately for help.
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
等等。

千贺铃

我对A的理解：这里的“a market ranging from”与前面的“the $21 billion book market”显然是同一物体，所以“a market ranging from”是一个带后置定语的同位语，指代“the $21 billion book market”。另一角度，range from 不能看成 a market  的逻辑谓语，range from 这个动作与主句动作不存在动作伴随，结果、原因、方式、条件、时间等 状语应该起得的修饰关系。两个角度可以判断“a market ranging from”是同位语而非独立主格。同位语的先行词必须touch comma，而  “from 6 percent to 10 percent”不是“the $21 billion book market”的修饰语，不能包含在先行词短语中，所以此处的同位语存在跳跃修饰，有错误！

千贺铃

我对“X of Y of Z,which verb ….”的总结如下：
最根本的一点：”comma+which" must refer to an inanimate noun which agrees in number with the verb following “which”. Also the antecedent should be as close to the comma as possible.
中文的意思：语法上，“comma+which” 的先行词必须满足非生命个体和单复数与 “which”后动词相匹配两个基本条件。在满足此两个基本条件的前提下，尽可能地离comma近。 比如，“ X of/in Y, which…”中，X与Y 皆满足以上两个基本条件，那么因为Y离 comma较近，所以语法上which的先行词就是Y。但是现实是，语义上X才使which所指代的对象。那么此时语法和语义出现矛盾。那么这里的“comma+which”用法就是错误的。要寻找其他表达方式来消除语义和语法上的矛盾。

如果“X of Y in Z,which verb….” 中，从Z推起。如果Z不满足两个基本条件种的任何一’，则语法上Z就不是which的先行词。接着再看Y,如果Y也不能同时满足两个基本条件，则语法上Y也不是which的先行词。接着看X，如果X满足两个基本条件，则语法上，X是which的先行词或者指代的对象。最后要从语义角度做最终判断，如果语义上，which指代X make  sense。那么此处的“comma+which”用法正确合理。如果语义上，which指代的应该是Y或者Z，而非X，那么语义和语法存在矛盾之处。“comma+Which”用法就错误，需找寻其他用法来消除矛盾

liuyuanlynn

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-471542-1-1.html
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/sc-by-merging-its-two-publishing-divisions-the-t8026.html
这两个链接上有很详细的解答，特别是manhattan上大牛Ron对不同问题的解答非常赞。
我选的是E，觉得which的就近指代应该优于不确定的idiom搭配

jeffery2541

By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.
A.    their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging
B.    from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges
C.    to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging
D.    in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges            
E.    to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges


A.    their指代the company错误。Ranging使得后面的分句没有谓语。 (prep 08 sc笔记)
前面的 解释理解 就是后面的a market ranging 不可以理解成独立主格么?
希望大家能给与解答。。 谢谢！

-- by 会员 非同反想 (2012/7/14 11:54:49)

我感觉a market ranging更像是同位语啊。。。。

而且这道题目的的答案貌似是B 啊。。。。

miffyhui

这道题答案是E，正写到这里，也不理解prep里的解释，ranging使后面的子句缺少谓语？不懂！另外prep说，which指代的是its share of the country's $21 billion book market，不明白，前面的部分如果跳跃修饰不合理了，分析E项的时候又可以指代shares整体了，why？？
呼唤NN解答！！！

naryi

答案是B啊 我也选的是E，range应该是修饰紧接着的前一个名词。market  答案到底是哪个？？？

lalapiao

逻辑上赞同，但我是把A后面的理解成同位语，好像更好理解：因为前面没有这个同位语修饰的名词出现，因此不成立。可以吗？求拍砖指教！