【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-2】

UlysessHope

明天就是除夕夜啦~~先祝大家春节快乐！

【精练】
1. Industry experts expect improvements in job safety
training to lead to safer work environments. A recent
survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers
who improved job safety training during the 1980s,
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the
changes in the training programs.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage
above?
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
【逻辑链】
97. (33058-!-item-!-188;#058&007111) (GWD 3-Q2)
Hunter:  Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years.  Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.  In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
In the hunter's argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.
C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.
D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain.
E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
98. (32682-!-item-!-188;#058&006783) (GWD 28-Q29)
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted.  Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner.  Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.  However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed.  Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.
B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction.
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause.
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution.

99. (29812-!-item-!-188;#058&004367) (GWD 12-Q22)
Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year.  This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently surprising result?
A. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period.
B. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s.
C. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers.
D. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak.
E. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices.

100. (31888-!-item-!-188;#058&006228) (GWD 3-Q17)
Brochure:  Help conserve our city’s water supply.  By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use.  A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism:  For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes.
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape.
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards.
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping.
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined.

灵韵

b:
background: job safety training lead to safer work environment: reflect: true to lower rate for a constant pool such as experienced workers.
fact, premise with paradox.  manufacturers who improved job safety training has increased number of on job accident (followed the changes in training program? ) here, the question is why should they have a safety training? for new workers or for experienced workers? probably for new workers as "Increase in the months IMMEdiately following the training.
looking for answer which indicate new workers are involved.
97, cannot see boldface
cbd

cechymery

选B，终于没中招啦，以前每次做这种题都是中招的说，文中不选C的原因是increase in on the job accident rates follow after changes in the programs.而文中说受伤率在改变之前错误。 B是因为员工的数量增多，发生几率变大而可能导致手上率上升

cyndichiang

精炼 1‘31’‘
premise：improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments
fact： the number of on-the-job accidents increased in the months immediately after the improvements
Q:explain
prephrase:  when improvements happened, the other factors happened at the same time that leaded to the increased accidents
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.------transportation sector is not mentioned in the particle总体不能推一般；这是个exception，而不能解释general condition
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.------correct，指出同时存在的另一个因素，人数多了，人数多了会导致事故增加
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.------explain why the improvements should be conducted,but not explain the adverse effect after the improvement,刚开始纠结了一下，后来觉得感觉实在解释前提
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.------只提到结论，而没有提到improvement
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.---------specify the improvements but not mention the increased accidents

苏错

12.12

【精练】2’03

For manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980sthere
was an increase in the number of on-the-job accidents.

Resolve the paradox—B

Answer choice (C): This would explain an increase inaccidents before job safety training, but the issue in the stimulus is an increaseafter the safety training.

【逻辑链】

1.    boldface?....

2.    1’07 fish declined  plan might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline….technologyis effective

Assumption—B

(C. B重复文中条件，C排除他因)

3.    1’28

Denomadecline in sales revenue

Electronicsretailers report that sales revenue actually grow

Surprisingresult—C  

4.    1’04

Rebuttalof the criticism –B

Elisha728

8'34''
B?CEB
where is the bold face?

angelann728

1) 计时： 30s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
Safe training should improve job safety environment.
However, a recent survey indicated that training leads to an increased number of accidents.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Explain:
一件事和training同时发生且这件事是恶化工作安全情况的。

4) 选项分析：选D
A 在解释这个survey finding 和其他survey无关
B 已经实施了 与之前的事情无关
C 已经实施了 与之前的事情无关
E 之前这些安全设备就在合适的位置上 那培训为什么使受伤害次数增加了呢还是没能解释原因

1) 计时： 34s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
Premise: hunter is the only reason.
Conclusion: black bear is another reason.
Premise: evidence shows that black bears feed on deer.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
BF： black bears have also played an important role in this decline
- conclusion
4) 选项分析： 选A

1) 计时： 46s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：
Premise ：Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner.
Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.
Premise：A technology for preventing leaks is being installed.
Premise: this technology is effective
Conclusion:  those fears are groundless.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Assumption: 弥补一个很明显的逻辑漏洞 排他因
除leak外，没有其他方式会对湖水造成危害。

4) 选项分析：选C
A 应当排除的是除了管道泄漏 管道还有哪些可能造成污染 而不是排除其他新工厂建设
B 重写前提
D应当排除的是除了管道泄漏 管道还有哪些可能造成污染
E 鱼品种和污染无关 就算鱼抗污染 湖水也照样被污染了
1) 计时：35 s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
D suffers decline in sales.
However, retailers indicated that although the whole sales in electronic industry declined, D increased as a result of some innovation.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Explain the discrepancy: (1) inventory
(2) 除了retailers有他因决定D的sales

4) 选项分析：选 C
A cost 和 sales revenue无关
B 其他公司解释不了D的矛盾现象
D 加强了矛盾
E 按E的理解 retailer sales revenue应当下降

1) 计时： 35s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
节水新地形可以节水省钱
反对：省钱太少，不能弥补改地形的花费
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Weaken the criticism- 除了节水 还有别的方面的好处

4) 选项分析：选 B
A support
C 无关比较
D 从conventional landscaping 改造至 water-conserving landscaping
所以绝大多数人不用conventional landscaping的花费
E 无关比较

小K110

Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?为什么这句话理解的是反驳C呢？为什么不是为C的反驳提供了基础？？？？？求解~~~~

小K110

Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?为什么这句话理解的是反驳C呢？为什么不是为C的反驳提供了基础？？？？？求解~~~~

huazechen

premise：safety training to lead to safer work environments
conclusion:accidents increase following the changes in the training programs.
猜测：其他原因导致 increase
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.
相关不直接
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
其他原因导致 正确
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
比上月多 ←排
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
加强
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
无关

二:XD(没看懂C D应该无关的 被误导了=。=)CD← 原来是反驳C不是支持C orz