PREP07 SC105 有关过去完成时！！！

坨坨元

105. (29961-!-item-!-188;#058&004575)

2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing year since 1992, when the company had lost $7.4

billion, which was primarily because of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.

(A) when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of

(B) when the company had lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from

(C) when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily because of
(D) which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, and that was primarily because of
(E) which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from

A. 过去完成时态错误，此句的when从句只是说明在1992这个年份该公司损失了多少钱这一发生在过去的简单事实，应使用一般过去时态；which没有指代
B. 过去完成时态错误。

C.正确。

我选的B
提问：为什么过去完成时态错误呢？ 1992年的lost发生在2001 proved to be 之前啊？
怎么判断这里不是强调动作的先后顺序而是强调lost这一简单事实呢？

huisang

吼吼~客气！~我最近也一直在总结SC~~被搞的好纠结~~~一起加油的！~

坨坨元

我同意你对resulting的看法~prep08笔记里提到过：
3)    现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。如下题如果前面主句的谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能 。
也就是说“，-ving"位于句末无法伴随完成时态~

例：OG12-21
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
答案是A。 OG对D项的解释: The final descriptor in present tense,now drawing conclusions....does not fit the opening clause, which is in present-prefect tense(have amassed a wealth)and seems to midify adulthood.

另外，我对resulting还有一些理解，因为从语法上来说，这里的resulting有两种可能，一个是修饰verb做伴随状语，一个是修饰前句做结果状语，即，语法上要么“表伴随”要么“表结果”，可是，result from本身的意思是“表原因”，所以……拧巴了~还有，我看正确的句子发现，resulting要放句末，一般就是用resulting in表结果~~不过这只是个统计结果~

关于时态这个……我也木有比Manhattan更好的解释了……这题我也就是觉得句意上木有必要去强调他两的先后顺序~但有点主观我觉得……其实做题时我是用resulting把B给排除的~这种时态的逻辑意思我掌握的也不好~能不用我就不会先用……一起等大N看看有木有更好的理解！~~~

-- by 会员 huisang (2011/8/28 1:03:50)

恩恩，谢谢huisang~
resulting 解释的好详细啊。崇拜一个~

huisang

我同意你对resulting的看法~prep08笔记里提到过：
3)    现在分词在句尾用逗号隔开，必须要注意的一点是这个结构从来都没有失去过“做定语”的功能，只是优先做状语而已，即优先修饰到前面主句的主语和谓语。如下题如果前面主句的谓语是完成时态，那么既然已经完成了，drawing就无法再做其的伴随，所以只剩下做定语的功能 。
也就是说“，-ving"位于句末无法伴随完成时态~

例：OG12-21
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
答案是A。 OG对D项的解释: The final descriptor in present tense,now drawing conclusions....does not fit the opening clause, which is in present-prefect tense(have amassed a wealth)and seems to midify adulthood.

另外，我对resulting还有一些理解，因为从语法上来说，这里的resulting有两种可能，一个是修饰verb做伴随状语，一个是修饰前句做结果状语，即，语法上要么“表伴随”要么“表结果”，可是，result from本身的意思是“表原因”，所以……拧巴了~还有，我看正确的句子发现，resulting要放句末，一般就是用resulting in表结果~~不过这只是个统计结果~

关于时态这个……我也木有比Manhattan更好的解释了……这题我也就是觉得句意上木有必要去强调他两的先后顺序~但有点主观我觉得……其实做题时我是用resulting把B给排除的~这种时态的逻辑意思我掌握的也不好~能不用我就不会先用……一起等大N看看有木有更好的理解！~~~

坨坨元

不同意LS说是2001年lost，我觉得这句话when引导的从句就是修饰1992年的，个人觉得判断时态还是主要从逻辑意思出发~和动词是否延续性关系不大~如：The film had started by the time we arrived at the theater. start也不是个延续性动词~
引用Manhattan上的一段话~
Note that we do not always use the Past Perfect for earlier actions. In general, you should use Past Perfect only to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events. The earlier even should somehow have a bearing on the extent of the latter event.

-- by 会员 huisang (2011/8/27 21:39:05)

我内心真是同意你的看法， 但是就是觉得放在这道题里，Manhattan 的解释有些笼统了。如果huisang理解的比较好，能不能具体解释下呢？尤其是绿色部分的在本题中的应用。为什么用了过去完成时，本题中就没有给一般过去时的动词提供bearing 呢？

你说的延续性动词我想应该是对的，看来不能以此作为破提点——本题中应该不是G 的考点。
又想到另一点破题—— 从词的使用角度：B 中resulting的使用表主动亦表进行 与 完成时态 搭配起来不太好。
lost是已经发生的事情，要用名词表结果比较好。。

当然，本题的大考点无疑是时态，只是我真真是不太理解本题时态的运用啊~~~

坨坨元

不在于lose是瞬间还是延续，lost可以延续啊，Japan had lost 10 years since the their last recession.

我的理解是：关键在first这个词，人家强调的是2001年这一年，since1992;很有可能1992年也是lost的，之后一直没有lost，直到2001年又lost了；而lost多少，指的是2001年lost多少，即“简单的事实”，所以用过去时

-- by 会员 myancamel (2011/8/27 20:41:22)

首先，我在百度上查了 lose是瞬间动词（终止性动词） 它的延续动词形式是 be lost 延续动词完成时是 have been lost, 所以 have lost用法是错误的。（具体可上百度文库看）
其次，when 是修饰1992 年而非2001年。LS说的指的是是2001年lost——   是不是把when 当成修饰 2001年的状从了呀？

huisang

不同意LS说是2001年lost，我觉得这句话when引导的从句就是修饰1992年的，个人觉得判断时态还是主要从逻辑意思出发~和动词是否延续性关系不大~如：The film had started by the time we arrived at the theater. start也不是个延续性动词~
引用Manhattan上的一段话~
Note that we do not always use the Past Perfect for earlier actions. In general, you should use Past Perfect only to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events. The earlier even should somehow have a bearing on the extent of the latter event.

myancamel

不在于lose是瞬间还是延续，lost可以延续啊，Japan had lost 10 years since the their last recession.

我的理解是：关键在first这个词，人家强调的是2001年这一年，since1992;很有可能1992年也是lost的，之后一直没有lost，直到2001年又lost了；而lost多少，指的是2001年lost多少，即“简单的事实”，所以用过去时

坨坨元

我个人认为这里不能用过去完成时的更好的原因不是PREP 上说的 “为了说明一个简单的事实”——当然这肯定是原句的意思。
只不过，要正确理解句意时间长了点，而且本题句意上也没有很明显说是要强调一个简单事实而非先后顺序。
但是，本题目无法强调动作的先后顺序，因为lose是个瞬间动词非延续性动词。所以 lose用完成时态是不对的~~
以上是我刚想到的解题思路，如有异议，请回复~