一类动词主动被动的讨论（Base, Target） OG12-25, OG12-40

Jimmyzhang2012

【抛个砖希望能引个玉】写作的时候我就对Base on的动作发出者不是很清楚 正好又看到OG这题，

OG -25
Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers,
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts,
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis,
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used,
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers, （E）

于是查了朗文

base ¹  
base¹ W1S1 /be?s/ v
[T usually passive]
to have your main place of work, business etc in a particular place
　The paper had intended to base itself in London.
be based in sth
　The new organization will be based in Dallas.
base on/upon [base sth on/upon sth] phr v
to use something as the thing from which something else is developed
　Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.
　an economy based on farming
　On what do you base your theory?

[总结]
可见一般是 人 做base 的主语 物是宾语 而且多用被动语态
sb base sth. on sth.
sth. is based on sth.

然后我又看到 OG-40 target 也是分不清主动被动

Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance.
(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at
(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to
(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at
(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to
(E) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at (E 独立主格)

纠结于E为什么用 targeted 而不是 targeting? 然后又查了朗文
target ²  
target² v [T]
to make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area
　The advertisement was designed to target a mass audience.
target sth on/at sb/sth
　a new benefit targeted on low-income families
　The programme is targeted at improving the health of women of all ages.
to aim something at a target
target sth on/at sb/sth
　The missiles are targeted at several key military sites.
to choose a particular person or place to do something to, especially to attack them or criticize them
　It's clear that smaller, more vulnerable banks have been targeted.
　He was targeted by terrorists for a second time last night.

[总结]
虽然朗文没有说是多用被动 但是可以看出target 和base 类似 也是 target sth on/at sth/sb de 或者 sth is targeted on/at sth/sb. 的表达

不知道类似的词还有哪些？ 有没有童鞋可以给出专业的定义归类？ 欢迎讨论！

angelcity

be estimated to be/have/cost etc
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
estimate something at something
   Organizers estimated the crowd at 50,000.
  或前面已经有了一个确指的名词
level estimated at 3
amount estimated at 4

Jimmyzhang2012

看到OG-79 似乎attribute 也是这样的词
The correct idiom in the active voice is someone attributes x (an effect) to y (a cause).
In the passive voice, x (the effect) is attributed to y (the cause).