ChaseDream
标题: 【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障19系列】【19-14】科技 [打印本页]
作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-5-29 08:08
标题: 【每日阅读训练第四期——速度越障19系列】【19-14】科技
大家好，不好意思，今天早上才发！今天的速度文章主要是生物类的，越障的有点不同，预示着未来的一个发展方向~
Part I: Speed
[Time 1]
Article 1
The Dog or the Wolf?
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WASHINGTON, D.C.—Since they split from wolves, domestic dogs have changed in many ways. Unlike their wild ancestors, they're comfortable around humans, pay close attention to us, and follow orders—at least sometimes. That social intelligence is critical to making a dog man's best friend. But research presented here last week at the annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science shows that dogs may have also lost some of their social smarts in the process.
One of the classic experiments that shows the cognitive difference between wolves and dogs is the pointing task: Whereas a dog—even a 3-month-old puppy—will readily follow the direction a person points in, wolves just don't get it. That contrast has been cited as evidence that dogs may have gained social intelligence not present in wolves. "But that story is too simple," says Friederike Range, a behavioral biologist at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna.
To dig deeper, Range and her colleague Zsófia Virányi studied a captive population of wolves and dogs raised together at the Wolf Science Center outside Vienna. For one thing, they found that wolves work together better than dogs do. For example, in one set of experiments that have not been published, Range and Virányi observed the behaviors of groups of wolves or dogs sharing a common food source provided by researchers. Although there was more aggression among wolves—from muzzle-nipping to growling—every wolf, even the lowest ranked, was able to negotiate a share of food. Dogs are less aggressive with one another, but the food-sharing is far from collaborative. "The alpha dog monopolizes the food source and lower ranked dogs just stay away," Range says. Those differences made Range and Virányi wonder: Perhaps scientists who compare the social intelligence of wolves and dogs have been barking up the wrong tree. Dogs may be better at learning from humans, but what about from other dogs?
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[Time 2]
To test how well dogs and wolves could learn from one another, the researchers created a problem that wolves and dogs were equally motivated to solve: a food treat locked inside a box. The only way to open the box was with a lever. They trained one dog to operate the lever with its mouth, and another dog to use its paw. (The wolves were raised with the dogs and treated them as members of the same pack, Range says.) Then they let wolves and dogs see the box opened by one of those two methods. If dogs have better social intelligence across the board, they should do better than the wolves at learning by example and getting at the treat.
But the dogs did poorly, Range reported at the meeting. Only four out of 15 managed to open the box at all, and none used the method (mouth or paw) that they had been shown. Meanwhile, all 12 of the wolves got the treat, and nine of them did so by copying the method they had been shown. "The mainstream theory is that wolves became dogs when they started treating humans as their pack members," Range says. Rather than gaining new cognitive abilities that wolves never had, such as so-called "theory of mind" required to learn complex tasks by watching others perform, dogs may have undergone an evolutionary tradeoff: losing some of the ability to learn from their own kind, but gaining the ability to learn from humans.
The jury is still out on whether dogs have lost a mental ability. "What we need to see next is the same experiment but with humans teaching the dogs and wolves," says Timothy Bates, a psychologist at the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom. It may be that dogs have grown worse at learning, but "it could be that dogs just pay attention only to humans now." Range says that she has done the experiment to test that difference and is analyzing the data now.
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[Time 3]
Article 2
Immunotherapy’s cancer remit widens
Combination therapies hold great promise, but at what cost?
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Drugs that unleash the power of the immune system on cancers are generating considerable optimism in industry, but still Andrew Baum thinks analysts are selling them short. In a 22 May report, Baum, the London-based head of global health-care research at the investment bank Citi, forecasts that in ten years the drugs will be treating 60% of cancers and earning US$35 billion a year.
Three elements contribute to his bullishness: the drugs are showing signs of wider effectiveness; many patients will take them for years; and the prices are stratospheric.
One of the first such drugs to be approved, Yervoy (ipilimumab), costs about $40,000 per month in the United States, and £15,000 ($23,000) in the United Kingdom, where health-care officials negotiated a lower price. So far, expensive immunotherapies have been approved only for treating melanoma and prostate cancer. But this weekend, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, Illinois, investigators will present promising results from trials that indicate that immunotherapies could soon have a role in treating cancers of the lung, kidney and stomach.
A new strategy will add to the costs: regimens that combine the drugs with radiation therapy, genetically targeted drugs and other immunotherapies. The hope is that these other treatments will enhance the ability of the immune system to recognize the tumour, either by further stimulating the immune system, or by damaging the tumour so as to release antigens that the immune system recognizes.
Yervoy, made by Bristol-Myers Squibb, headquartered in New York, is remarkable because a three-month course can send cancer into remission for years (see go.nature.com/k1e3m2). However, only about one-quarter of patients with advanced melanoma responds to the drug, which spurs tumour-killing T cells into action by blocking an inhibitory signal. “When Yervoy was first approved in 2011, we all recognized that it was an important moment for the field,” says Jedd Wolchok, an oncologist at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. “But it was also a call to do better.”
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[Time 4]
On 2 June, Wolchok will present data from a trial that combined Yervoy with an experimental drug called nivolumab, also made by Bristol-Myers Squibb. It releases a second brake on the immune system by stifling a different protein. The number of patients in the trial was small, but the results suggest that melanomas shrank in half of those who received the highest two doses tested.
Combination approaches could expand the number of cancers that respond to immunotherapy. But they could also accelerate the rise in the cost of cancer care. US spending on cancer drugs is rising by some 15% a year, twice as fast as heath-care costs overall. “Cancer is a very complicated and expensive disease,” says Scott Ramsey, a health-care economist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. “But now it’s turning into a chronic disease, and we’re talking about years of maintenance therapy with drugs that cost $10,000 a month.” However, not all of the inflation is due to expensive new drugs, says Ira Klein, a medical director at insurance company Aetna, based in Hartford, Connecticut. The price of radiation therapy is rising by 25% per year, he notes, driven by new technologies that can cost $100,000 or more for a full course of treatment.
Drug developers attribute the high cost of the drugs to the expense of research and development, which is compounded by the industry’s high failure rate. Wolchok notes that drugs such as Yervoy have a small market, and speculates that prices may fall once their markets expand to other cancers. But Peter Bach, who studies health-care policy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, is sceptical that industry will cut prices. “I have never seen that,” he says. “I have only seen the opposite.”
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[Time 5]
Article 3
Frozen Plants Come Back to Life After Hundreds of Years
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A group of plants frozen inside Teardrop Glacier in the Canadian Arctic for more than 400 years still has the ability to grow and reproduce, scientist have discovered. In 2007, researchers were collecting long-frozen plant samples from the receding edges of the glacier when they noticed some bryophytes—plants which include mosses and mosslike liverworts—sprouting new parts (as seen in the main image). They dated a subset of the bryophytes and found that the plants ranged in age from 404 to 614 years old, confirming that were frozen during the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling lasting a few hundred years, which ended in the 19th century. In the lab, the researchers were able to regrow bryophyte samples representing four different taxa from the glacier, they report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (inset). The finding suggests that bryophytes are more resilient than was previously known, the authors say, and likely play a role in the early recolonization of areas revealed by glacier melt, such as those in the Canadian and Alaskan Arctic.
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Part II: Obstacle
Article 4 3-D printed windpipe gives infant breath of life
A flexible, absorbable tube helps a baby boy breathe, and heralds a future of body parts printed on command.
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Kaiba Gionfriddo was six weeks old when he suddenly stopped breathing and turned blue at a restaurant. Kaiba’s parents quickly rushed him to the hospital where they learned that his left bronchial tube had collapsed because of a previously undetected birth defect. During the next few weeks the life-threatening attacks recurred, increasing in number until they became everyday events. Physicians and researchers, however, used some of the most sophisticated bioengineering techniques available to 3-D print a synthetic tube to hold the baby's airway open. Kaiba had the surgery in January 2012 and hasn’t suffered an airway collapse since.
The trachea, or windpipe, is essentially constructed much like a vacuum cleaner hose, says Glenn Green, an ear nose and throat specialist (otolaryngologist) at the University of Michigan, who helped to develop the device. The human trachea comprises 20 rings of cartilage linked by muscle and connective tissue that extends from the Adam's apple down behind the breastbone. It then branches into two tubes called bronchi that each connect to a lung. With each inhalation, the lungs fill and expand; likewise, the strong but flexible airway tubes widen and lengthen.
In most cases after a child is born, the cartilage in the trachea keeps the airway open. But in about one out of 2,100 live births, for some reason, a portion of the airway is floppy and collapses, blocking outside air from reaching one or both lungs. Treatment for this kind of condition—called an airway malacias—includes close monitoring during colds and other respiratory infections, but some people may need a respirator to keep their airways open or surgery to insert a breathing tube until the danger has passed. Surgical treatments for persistent cases include using a structure inside the airway to prop it open—a stent—but that approach irritates the trachea, says John Bent, an associate professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and director of pediatric otolaryngology at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. Or doctors may take a piece of the patient's rib and use it around the outside of the trachea as a splint. "But that doesn't give [the airway] the right shape," he says, or the ability to expand and contract with each breath.
For unknown reasons, however, some cases are extremely severe. Those infants, including Kaiba, struggle to breathe even after treatment.
Fresh out of options, Kaiba’s doctors contacted Green and his colleagues who were working on a new device that could help. The researchers had been searching for a way to help infants with collapsing airways. They designed a tube that could wrap around the floppy portion of a trachea or bronchus and hold the airway open. Each individual's airway, however, is unique, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Instead Green and his colleagues would create custom-designed devices using technology called three-dimensional printing.
A 3-D printer works like an inkjet printer, but instead of laying down layers of ink it deposits a structural material. The printer head adds each layer according to a digital pattern to create a 3-D structure. 3-D printers in manufacturing have built prototypes and parts for machines. In research settings bioengineers have created artificial ears, and lab rats have received printed spinal disks and bones. Printing fully functioning organs and tissues for humans poses some challenges. A kidney, for example, needs working blood vessels and tubes to collect urine.
Problems with the trachea, however, lend themselves to 3-D printed solutions because the organ's ridged tubelike structure is simple. After testing their idea in piglets, Green and his colleagues were confident a printed device would work. Scott Hollister, a professor of biomedical engineering at Michigan was in charge of designing sleeve that would wrap around the outside of the floppy airway. The sleeve's structure allows it to expand as the airway grows and develops while simultaneously resisting spasms that pull inward, thereby collapsing the airway.
The team first used a computed tomography (CT) scan to sketch out Kaiba’s airways. From those images, they then sculpted a three-dimensional printed cast that had the same shape as Kaiba’s collapsed bronchus. Using that cast they created the sleeve or splint that would wrap around the bronchus. It took several tries but the researchers were eventually able to create a perfect fit. The next step was to sew the tissue of Kaiba’s bronchus to the inside of the sleeve. The team needed to obtain an emergency-use approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration before they could implant the device. "When we put the splint on, we saw his lungs move for the first time," Green says. As Kaiba grows, the device should expand with him.
The tube itself was printed in layers of a biocompatible plastic called polycaprolactone. The 3-D printer heats up a powdered form of the plastic until it melts and can be extruded in a paste. After a few years inside a body the tube will dissolve—it is made of the same material used for sutures—and by that time his bronchus should have grown strong enough to function normally.
Kaiba’s tube is the first time a 3-D printed device has been implanted in a patient to aid tissue reconstruction. The research team reported the case on May 22 in The New England Journal of Medicine.
"It's a very nice approach to using technology to treat a problem that has not a lot of good solutions," says Robert Weatherly, an associate professor of otolaryngology at the University of Kansas School of Medicine and a physician at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Mo., who was not involved in the study. He points out that the approach is different from a typical tissue engineering approach because Kaiba’s bronchus tissue was present but not functioning; here the 3-D device reinforces underdeveloped tissue. In other cases tissue is absent and needs to be rebuilt from scratch—as in a recent case of a young girl with an absent trachea. Her doctors built a transplantable trachea of plastic incubated with the child's own stem cells. Unlike Kaiba, however, she will need a bigger windpipe when she grows.
The critical next steps to making the technology more available are clinical trials, along with tracking patients over a longer period of time to see how they fare with 3-D printed parts.
The use of 3-D printed devices and body parts is still in its infancy. Cartilage and bone will be the first solutions to reach wide use, Green says, adding there is a "gigantic potential," for the future.
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作者: 铁板神猫 时间: 2013-5-29 08:41
铁板家族来了～～
02:02
02:07
02:36
01:25
01:10
04:04 好强大的3D印刷制品，是先天气管下垂或者堵塞儿童的福音
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2013-5-29 08:42
嘿 我拿到首页了！
---------------------------------------------------
1'30''
1'30''
1'50''
1'20''
1'00''
6'02''
作者: 铁板神侯光屁股 时间: 2013-5-29 08:49
铁板神猴 发表于 2013-5-29 08:42 
嘿 我拿到首页了！
恭喜
微博广告都做到CD签名来了。。要不要我们铁板家族给你宣传一下！
作者: 铁板二米 时间: 2013-5-29 08:51
Day day up! 首页占座做作业。
谢谢翔翔的文章，越障题材比较偏，估计其他队友看着会有点吃力（单词）。
来来来，科普：
Time1 1'25"
Time2 1'20"
Time3 1'32"
Time4 1'27"
Time5 43"
Obstacle 4'59"
作者: 草莓葡萄 时间: 2013-5-29 09:03
占座
1:31 Finding behavior pattern’s about thedifferent between dogs and wolves. Dog’s behavior is much more effected bypeople and less effected by themselves.
1:39 Dogs have an evolutionary tradeoff: losingintelligent of studying, but gaining the ability of attention to humans.
1:22 The medical drug industry for immune system on cancers is a big business.
1:14 How to cut the high price of drugs which treatthe cancer.
0:48 Frozen plants inside glacier also can survive.
5:12 How to usenew technology about 3-D printed devices to survive infants from no breathing.
哈哈，我归队了， 谢谢神猴热情招待哈！
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2013-5-29 09:18
草莓葡萄 发表于 2013-5-29 09:03
占座
咦 草莓葡萄好久不见啊 回归了
作者: claire1827 时间: 2013-5-29 09:22
2.13
Dogs and wolves, dogs' wild ancestors have chenged. Dogs gain more social intelligence, however, wolves' prepondence is working together.
2.26
Test
Dogs learn much better from human than from their kind.
Wolves is strong at learn new by watching other.
New Test
2.08
1.43 cost of cancer
1.28 plant dead in ice age regrow after hundre years later
6.57
作者: claire1827 时间: 2013-5-29 09:25
一个不小心 原来我在首页呀
作者: Doris800 时间: 2013-5-29 09:26
1 02:27 Previous & present research on social intelligence of dogs and wolves.
2 02:01 Further experiment on social intelligence: dog learns better from human than from other dogs.
3 02:14 A forecast of sale of cancer medicine and the grounds of the forecast. New strategy.
4 01:59 a new combination trial--increase the numbers of cancer patients respond to immunotherapy, but increase the cost of patients. The cost rise quickly, partly because the cost of radiation therapy. Different views of the tendence of the cost.
5 01:11 frozen plants can grow and reproduce: an example of b in 2007.
obstacle 07:19
a case of an infant who survived thanks to a new medical technology.
introduce of K's disease and the traditional and new therapy of this disease.
3-D printer's funtion during the process.
the process of the surgery.
今天的内容都比较有趣~辛苦楼主！~~
作者: irvan 时间: 2013-5-29 09:28
占座〜〜
________________________________________________________
Speed
01:38
Research of difference dogs and wolves
01:26
The test of how well dogs and wolves could learn from one another
01:34
Drugs on cancers have been greatly improved, with a higher cost.
01:11
Why drugs on cancers cost so much.
00:32
Frozen plants come back to life after hundreds of years.
Obstacle
05:29
Main idea: Technology of 3-D printing in saving babies' lives
Attitude: Objective
Structure:
1) An example of how 3-D printer solved breathing problem of a baby
----- 3-D print a synthetic tube to hold the baby's airway open.
2) Explaination of this breathing problem in theory
----- Introduce the structure inside.
How this problem happens.
3) Doctors' efforts and how did 3-D printing come up.
4) Introduction to 3-D printing
----- How does it work.
How did Green and his colleagues creat it.
5) Comments of other people
----- The achievements they got are very nice, but it is just a start and there are still lots of things to do.
作者: yangzexin 时间: 2013-5-29 09:36
留名，第二页了
1'45"
1'35"
1'48'
1'19"
1'01"
6'09"
作者: kimwang53 时间: 2013-5-29 09:41
铁板神猴 发表于 2013-5-29 08:42
嘿 我拿到首页了！
我都掉到2环了。。
2.15
2.40
2.10
1.05
50
作者: Littlecindy 时间: 2013-5-29 09:43
01:57
01:59
02:05
01:44
01:03
06:51 3-D Printer helps activate malfunctioning but present bronchi.
作者: huizhuo0309 时间: 2013-5-29 10:16
占座！！！！！！
1'22
1'28
1'51
1'21
0'47
6'00
作者: 铁板神豆 时间: 2013-5-29 10:16
铁板家族强势入侵二环！神猴君算你得手一次！哼哼哼~~~~
1 - 01:42
Many people believe that domestic dogs are smarter than wolves. One such evidence is that even a 3-month-old puppy can follow human's direction, but wolves cannot. However, some researchers think that the story is not that simple. They found that wolves are better than dogs at collaboration (sharing food, in the experiment; whether the lowest rank ones can get a share). Thus the researcher wonder whether dogs, in contrast with wolves, are just better at studying from human than from peers?
2 - 01:41
The researchers did an experiment on this issue and the result substantiated their hypothesis. But the researchers still do not know whether dogs have lost a mental ability or they just pay attention to humans.
3 - 02:08
The medicine that is promising to treat cancer sees success. The bullishness is related to 3 reasons (2nd para.). But the treatment is rather expensive. The passage then explains how treatment Y works.
4 - 01:38
A combination of therapies may increase the probability of curing the disease, but may also increase the cost. But some people say that the increased cost come from not only drugs, but also others such as radiation therapy. Some people think that the expense come from R&D, and that the price will go down when the drug is widely used. But others do not think so, saying the prices of drugs have never dropped, and they won't.
5 - 01:05
After hundreds of years, some frozen plants can still grow. The finding suggests that the plants are more resilient than was thought to be, and that they play a role in recolonization in areas used to be covered by glacier.
越障还是觉得又长又看不懂，怎么办怎么办怎么办？是不是我太笨了啊……
作者: abc791201064 时间: 2013-5-29 10:30
1.37
The author firstly compares dogs with wolves in several aspecta to show that dogs cater more to the people than wolf do .Then the author talks about the key issue of dog that dogs are more friendly to people than wolf are.
Then at the second para, the author argues a discovery shallow and not comprehensive, then at the last para, the author cited a new experiments to deepen the disdovery argueing that the dogs are less collective than the wolf.
1.26
The author talks about a new experiment in which the performance of dogs demonstrate worse cooperative abilities.
Then the author shows the main point of this theory and try to explain the theory.
Finally the author talks about the purpose of experiment nexrt.
2.25
The new drugs that come to market has made market optimistic.
Then first para talks about in US and UK such expensive drugs have been undercut its price by negotating.
THen the author talks about two ways to better help the drug target the tumor.
Then at the last paragragh then author 忘记了。。。
3.31
The author describe a "compund " experiment in which M shirk half .
Then the author listed both dis and adv of the Compund thearpy, and also demonsrtate the trend that cancer is not ebecoming a chornic
Fianlly the author says that the high faliure rate cause the price of the cancer durg so high and some poeple suggest that once the durg has open to other drug the price might come down, a argument against a reserch's
1.44
The scientsts has discovered a long-term frozen palnts that can sprout after a long time . Then through tech the scihetsts date them back to 600 years ago.
Finally the author made a new notion that x is more resilient than previously thought
作者: 铁板二米 时间: 2013-5-29 10:45
iamyingjie 发表于 2013-5-29 10:21
这个图太给力了，赞。
二米，挺有潜质的嘛。想不通，好好的做什么铁板草寇呢？不如像版上资深的大米女 ...
这世上有白富美就有屌丝。。。大米那样的我学不来，只会跟猴头对着干啊，嘿嘿。
作者: amberfuu 时间: 2013-5-29 10:47
day 1 签到。
speed。1. 2'21', 2'31'',
***有句话不是很明白：time2 后面的：Rather than gaining new cognitive abilities that wolves never had, such as so-called "theory of mind" required to learn complex tasks by watching others perform, dogs may have undergone an evolutionary tradeoff: losing some of the ability to learn from their own kind, but gaining the ability to learn from humans.
rather than说明狗没有这个技能，abilities that wolves never had, 说明狼也从来没有这个技能咯？但是theory of mind--learn by watching others perform不就是文章中狼所拥有的技能么，这点没有搞懂还希望大牛略加指点一二！
2. 2'40'', 2'30''
3. 1'35''
4. 10' = =
总结：1.文章第一段重要，一定要每句话每个字都理解对。
2.在1 的基础上遇到不会的生词就能猜了
文章选得也很好啊，最后一篇障碍也是最近新闻报道过的。谢谢！
作者: kingarthur00 时间: 2013-5-29 11:02
2'01
In contrast to the previously position that the dogs are more social intelligence than wolves due to dogs living very sincerely with human, the author introduces one deeper experiment that shows the dogs are not more collaborative to share food than wolves.
2'36
The author introduces another example to testify the learning ability with each other between dogs and wolves. The result shows that the learning ability of dogs is weaker than wolves.
2'33
One medical professional claims that the furthure market for the drug targeting curing cancer will be better, due to the needs of patience and the proper price.
Furthermore, one official claims that I will introduce to improve the effectiveness of certain cancers' therapy, although previously I did not target at these cancer and I will add cost to the drug.
2'01
Although the combinations of I methods shows more effective therapy for the cancers, the cost of combination method will add the drug cost. But except the increasing cost from the combination I methods, radiation therapy still increase due to high cost of the equipment.
1'11
The author introduces the regrowth charcter of a frozen plant, the date when the plants used to live, and the predication that the plants was responsible for recolonization during glacier melt.
8'16
By introducing a child K's sucessful therapy of T, the author describes an artificial tube by 3D skill.
The author describes T fuction in link with lung during breath. And then introduces the process how to make an artifical tube to slove the airway collapse problem, making trials in patience to make specifics 3-D, implanting into the exact patience after receives the US officals permittion, and making the high-tech material of the artifical tube to automatically absorb by human physical tissues.
Although the tissue is not a one way all-well soltion, the method is a proper solution and with a bigger futhure after better the 3D skills.
作者: 铁板二米 时间: 2013-5-29 11:08
iamyingjie 发表于 2013-5-29 11:02
好吧，米各有志。
斑斑真好，也扑到抱啃，吼吼。
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2013-5-29 11:10
iamyingjie 发表于 2013-5-29 11:02
好吧，米各有志。
这米米同学分明自卖自夸啊……
yingjie斑斑别着了她的道 哈哈
作者: adamzjw 时间: 2013-5-29 11:11
2:50
2:35
A resent study shows that the wolves collaborates with each other better than the dogs do. The result suggests that the dogs may have lost some of social ability when they evoluted into a captive kind paying more attention to human.
3:22
2:51
The immunotherapy widens its effectiveness by a new combined strategy, an approach raising the cost significantly.
1:18
The scientist revived a group of bryophyte found inside Teardrop Glacier dated at 400 yeasr old.
8:40
The use of 3-D printed synthetic tube helps Kaiba's undeveloped airway to function correctly. The 3-D printed body parts may be more available in clinical trails.
作者: kingarthur00 时间: 2013-5-29 11:12
Thanks LZ
作者: 杀G给猴看 时间: 2013-5-29 12:06
01:40
01:40
02:10
01:40
01:00
Obstacle, 6:40:
=> The story: 3D printed organ saved a baby boy's life
=> About the disease
=> How the 3D printer work to provide help & the problem
=> Comparing this case with other known transplant surgeries
=> The prospect for 3D printing
大赞二米的科普图！
今天的越障让我想起前几天看过的一些关于3D printing的文章，最近金融界对这个玩意也颇赶兴趣呢~
作者: wjj97171 时间: 2013-5-29 13:05
2‘12
Dog lost some of their social smart.Dog can get thing people throw,but wolf can't.A further expriment show dog don't know how to sociate other dog,unlike wolf
2'17
"A test shows that wolf is better than dogs to learn from others.
The believe should rethink.A further test need to be done that
dogs are better than wolf to learn from human. "
2'29
"Drugs are generating optimism in
the industry.three factors :wide effectness,take long time,price."
2'09
"
the high cost of cancer because of high-tech.
some people say the price would not decrease because of high failuer of research,but other people say opposite"
1'22
A group of plants can grow and reproduce.
作者: daisydoris 时间: 2013-5-29 13:46
下午上完课回来看obstacle 感觉速度提高了好高兴！！！
time 1 (317)1'40
Dogs have changed a lot since they are separated from wolves. Some have found one of the changes is the social intelligence of dogs is better than wolves. However,scientists did an experienment shows that wolves perform teamwork when sharing meals better than dogs.
time 2 (335) 1'39
Scientists did another experienment that tests how dogs and wolves perform in front of food in the box. The result shows that dogs did worse than wolves and scientists hypothetize that dogs may lose some abilities to learn from their kind but gain the ability to learn from humans.
time 3 (343) 1'52
Drugs nowadays make us have opmistic forcasts on cancer healing.
time 4 (290) 1'38
Scientists blieved that althogh new drugs come out, the price of drugs is extremely high, as a result of new drugs, new technologies and so on. Scientists have different opinions on this issue.
time 5 (180) 53
Scientists find that plants frozen inside glaciers can reproduce again.
作者: myisabella 时间: 2013-5-29 13:54
早晨六点多起来看还么。。。我今天早晨看的19-11的，还没补完~~~ 晚上贴两篇来！
作者: luckylucy13 时间: 2013-5-29 15:04
01:58
01:55
02:29
01:42
01:02
06:12
----------------╮(╯▽╰)╭ 越障看着看着看走神了，回头还得再看一遍。。
作者: spencerX 时间: 2013-5-29 15:45
谢谢分享~~
1‘49
1’36
1‘41
1’30
1‘03
6’01
作者: IrisZZZ 时间: 2013-5-29 16:05
Time1 – 2’29’
Evidences show that dogs may lose some social intelligence compared to their ancestors
Time2 – 2’19’
Dogs may grow to learn from humans while lose the ability to learn from their own kind.
Time3 – 2’14’
The cost of treating cancer is surging
Time4 – 1’31’
Cost of cancer drugs, radiation therapy – rising
Time5 – 1’01’
A group of plant frozen in the Canadian Arctic sprouted new parts.
Obstacle – 7’23’
An example: a synthetic tube to hold the baby’s airway open
Problem: in some cases, the infant’s trachea is floppy and collapses. Traditional solutions are not satisfactory enough.
Details about the 3-D print device and how doctors make it fit individual patient
Next step is to make it more available for clinical trials.
作者: 君君爱TS 时间: 2013-5-29 16:20
掌管 6 00:07:02.85 00:16:37.21
掌管 5 00:01:00.62 00:09:34.35
掌管 4 00:01:55.77 00:08:33.73
掌管 3 00:02:40.14 00:06:37.95
掌管 2 00:01:53.23 00:03:57.81
掌管 1 00:02:04.57 00:02:04.57
the dogs are becoming more stupid because they hang out too much with human?
the wolf are more willing to share and work with other wolfs while the dogs are reluctant to do so.
a experiment found out that the dogs are not so good at learning from the pack but more excellent at learning from and getting orders from human. At the same time, the wolf are good at copying and learning the skills from their pack.
that may have suggest that the dogs became less smart.
opinion: the drug market, although the stock of will are currently sold short, will be much more promising in the future.
there are three reasons: the wider effect of the drugs in the future; the rising price and the patients usually spend long years taking the drugs
e.g the Y produced by an american company can perform more streatment to more kinds of cancers
the company is developing news drugs that can cure the cancer better when combines with the Y
the reasons why the price of the drug are high: the cost of reserch and development and the high failure rate.
looking forward to the future, the price will still be going up.
3d打印机拯救了一个男孩
传统的治疗这种呼吸障碍的方法缺点
求助3d打印机
3d打印机治疗这种问题的工作原理
但是：还是会有失败的例子： 一个小女孩长大后将来还要换一个打印出来的骨头
这是突破历史的第一次，未来前景是positive的
作者: yyjfantasy 时间: 2013-5-29 16:29
速度：
1.2'04''
2.2'20''
3.2'32''
4.1'48''
5.55''
越障：8'00''
How did a 3-D printed windpipe safe a baby's live.
3 -D print technology will help more infants to conquer their disease.
On the other hand, there is still some technological problem waiting to be solved.
作者: 橙子2014 时间: 2013-5-29 16:48
3.02
dogs,dedrived from wolves, lost some abilities.
2.50
experiment show that dogs lost ablity to learn from peers compared wolves, and another experiment will be taken to show if dogs learn better from human than wolves do.
2.35
drugs will cost less and more efficient in ten years
（REVISE）drugs are becoming more and more useful (treat more kinds of cancers and be more efficient)via combining raditional treatment or other drugs. but drugs will cost more at the same time.
作者: 橙子2014 时间: 2013-5-29 17:05
a baby was saved by 3D print synthetic tube
how the old way to treat the malady and some serious babies cant breath after treatments
how the 3-dprint work.
how scientists treat the baby in problem via 3-D print.
the advantage of 3-Dprint compare the old ways. and 3-Dprint will be have a wide use.
作者: haohao8701 时间: 2013-5-29 17:08
铁板二米 发表于 2013-5-29 08:51
Day day up! 首页占座做作业。
谢谢翔翔的文章，越障题材比较偏，估计其他队友看着会有 ...
怀疑越障这篇文章真实性，不知道原文出自哪里，有木有试验数据
作者: muyi0810 时间: 2013-5-29 17:44
1:42
Dogs, although evolved from the wolves, gained more social intelligence according to some researchers. Wolves are better than dogs at cooperation.
1:38 Dogs may experienced an trade-off: they are better at learning from human than from their own kind.
1:45 Signs in the cancer drugs' effectiveness made many people believe that the cancer drug market is optimistic.
1:24 Cancer is a complicated and expensive disease. The failure in experimenting the drugs, the high price of the drugs and complication of the disease all contributed to the high price of rescuing it.
0:55 The plant tissue that frozen over 400 years ago found in the glacier revealed that the plant can regrow after hundred years of frozen. This fact may contribute to the recolonization in some part of the world.
5:21 An infant has some problem with his airway so the doctors used the newest technology in the field to rescue him. They made a customized model of his organ using the 3-D tech and the regime succeed.
作者: 铁板二米 时间: 2013-5-29 17:57
haohao8701 发表于 2013-5-29 17:08
怀疑越障这篇文章真实性，不知道原文出自哪里，有木有试验数据
对于肺脏来说，除了数据之外，最主要需要考验的是肺的外交换和内交换功能。不然的话，它也不过是个打印出来的工艺品。
作者: jay871750293 时间: 2013-5-29 18:04
谢谢PPX~~~
1-1'56
Most people and scientists emphasize and underscore on the interaction between dogs and human, while overlooks the interaction among dogs themselves.
2-2'05
The experiment is given to justify whether wolves are better at communicating with each other, such as teaching each other, than dogs and the result of the experiment prove and verify the former speculation and supposition.
Then, some other experiments are still needed to fully confirm the theory.
3-2'30
The author mentions the prediction that the medicine targeted at cancer treating will consist of 60% share of the medicine industry due to several reasons, say, the high price and long-term usage.
Then, the author presents the advance and improvement on the cancer-killing pills and points out one prominent and representative example, which didn't achieve the expected and prospective result.
4-2'00
The new approach of combining two different drugs might have a better effect than its two compositions considering its potential risk.
However, there are different voices concerning the row whether price will plunge and plummet in the future.
5-1'17
Scientists recently have found the frozen plants which are still equipped with the faculty of reproducing and reviving.
6-8'51
The gist of this article is the success of 3D printing in medical field.
At the beginning, the author mentions a recent case that an infant is in peril and danger because of the lapse of his own natural growth of tubes in lung and finally, recovers and never falls back into that sickness after the surgery with use of 3D printing.
Then, writer presents some basic information concerning the function and structure of tubes in lung. Plus, the early alternatives and approaches in grappling and wrestling with natural dysfunction of tubes are mentioned.
In addition, the author specifically describes how the recent developed technique function that based on the 3D printing, which is formerly widespread in building stereotype in manufacture industry. Moreover, the author takes a step forward and analyzes the edge and asset of the use of 3D printing in medical field.
Finally, the author differentiates the use of 3D printing and the method of transplanting and points out the initial and incipient stage at which the use of 3D in medical field is.
作者: ldeath 时间: 2013-5-29 19:14
1:45
1:40
2:00
1:15
0:45
Obstacle
7:18
MI: The application of 3-D print in Medical field——wine pipe
Author’s attitude: recommend，willing to see its futher develop
Structure:
A medical case that an infant was cared by 3-D print.
Introduce the disease of the infant and the triditional treatment.
How 3-D print work in this field
The meaning of 3-D print usage in this field
作者: 浅弦泠音 时间: 2013-5-29 19:54
1 01:35
2 01:47
3 02:07
4 01:32
5 01:10
6 06:16
谢谢lz~~~~辛苦啦 一直对3D printer 挺好奇的~~喜欢今天的越障
作者: 心愿湖畔 时间: 2013-5-29 20:15
2.36
2.24
2.29
2.09
1:40
6:50
作者: hyjxp 时间: 2013-5-29 21:04
占座啊！感谢zxppx的文章，明天来补哦！
1. 2.58m
this article is about a research on the differences on dogs and wolfs.a simple experiment firstly finds that dogs have social intelligence in compared with wolfs. however a dipper research shows that wolfs have better group ability in conrast to dogs, so Range assumes that dog is only better at learning from humans.
2. 3.02m
Range takes another experiment to test whether dogs and wolfs can be treated and learn from the methods they teach. the result shows us that wolfs are better at learning something than dogs. and Range are taking experiment that whether dogs can learning methods from humans.it may can substantiate that when wolfs became dogs, they are losing the ability learn from their own kind, but they gain the ability learn from the humans.
3. 3.17m
the immune therapy drugs have a promising future for three reasons.
the drugs are very expensive
the patients need to take the drugs continually for a long time
the drugs are showing wider signs of effectiveness
the first immune therapy drug as an example to demonstrate the promising future..
4. 2.07m
the scientists took a new experiments that commbined Y and a new drug N is used by the patients and the result is that the M in the patients body decreased by 50%.and the high costs of the drug research result in the high price of the immune threapy drugs.because of the small market of the immune therapy drug, the price of the drugs will not decrease in future, rather than increase.
obstacle:
16.11m
读科技文真的是我的弱项啊，还好这篇文章挺有意思的。。。。。。。。。。坚持，加速啊！！！
main idea: this article tells us about the 3D-printer work which now is used in the actual patients and it solves many medical problem that cannot be solved by the recent technologies.
structure:
1.cite the case of patients K's therapy to introduce into the 3D-printer technology.
2.explain the structure of windpipe or trachea and states the incidence of the K's disease, then concludes that the K's disease can't use sophisticated methods to therapy,it needs 3D-printer technology.
3.instuct the 3D-printer work
4.state the solutions how to cure the K's disease by using 3D-printer technology.
5.state the influence of 3D-printer works and acclaim the development of 3D-printer technology.
作者: Katherine715 时间: 2013-5-29 21:25
啦啦啦~~我来做作业了~~~请大家要监督我这个拖延症和没毅力患者哟~~~
1:53.9
Researchers think that while dogs are more social intelligent than wolves, they do not learn as well as wolves from other members of the same kind.
2:08.5
An experiment showed that wolves are better at learning from others than dogs were.
2:47.4
Three elements should be concerned about the drug of cancer.One of them is to make the drug more effective.
1:57.1
Despite the effectiveness improvement of drugs, its cost also becomes high. Some people attribute it to the high failure rate of the experiments.Some people think the high price will make the new technologies lose market shares while others believe that the price will decrease soon.
1:13.9
Scientist have found that the ancient frozen plants can still grow now.
07:46.8
A new equipment called 3-D is invented to make the infant airways open and help the infant breathe.
The introducement of 3-D
The previous treatment can not be completely solve the airway problem well.
The process of using 3-D in treatment in the case of Kaba.
Next steps to make 3-D available is clinical trials.
作者: ItGirl 时间: 2013-5-29 21:43
03:07.24"
Dogs learn better with human, and wolfs won't get the info humen order.
02:21.82"
Through the experiment, the wolves can learn better than dogs can learn from dogs.
02:47.68"
01:22.27"
01.04.34"
作者: Elfy 时间: 2013-5-29 21:46
Speed
1:35 Difference between wolves and dogs, dogs have more social smart, but when they learn to share sth, wolves tend to be more agreesive than dogs;
1:43 An experiment that whether dogs and wolves can open the box by immitating the methods shows that dogs seem to perform poorly, this raised question that whether dogs lose some cognitive ability. It may be that dogs only learn from humans;
1:44 The market for drugs that unleash immune to cancers seems promising because of three reasons (drugs are cheaper, more wider effective and patients take them for years). An example of drug Y to illlustrate this trend. But there's still sth to do to make drugs better;
1:31 W tested the combination of Y and another tested drug, patients who show symptom of m shrank to half. Some concerns arose that drugs might increase health costs, and drug developers said the increased costs may due to costs on R&D, PB said the price of drugs might go up;
1:00 An example shows that some frozen plants during Glacier age are able to grow and reproduce;
Obstacle
5:28 The newly invented 3-D printer has saved an infant's life. How things work under usual cases and how this printer would work for some special infants. This new printer has potential to become more widely spreaded.
作者: 空空不再空空 时间: 2013-5-29 21:47
1.1min24s
Dogs have several similarities with their ancestor wolf, while they lose some characteristic during the process, such as team work and aggresivity.
2.1min 26
Researcher test on the wolves and dogs whether they can learn from each other, and they will test whether dogs lose mental ability.
3.1min45s
Drugs may cure cancers in ten years.
4.1min25s
Drugs may cause inflation and some concerns.
5.1min
Frozen plants come back to life after hundreds of years.
6.5min51s
3D printed windpipe give infant with breathing deseases breath of life.
作者: peterlongzhang 时间: 2013-5-29 21:56
2013/5/29
1.2'23'': 317 words
Some say that dogs have more social awareness than walfs do. But the recent reseatch of R show that wolfs are more collaborated than dogs.
2.2'34'': 335 words
Wolves are better than dogs at learning from their peers. And the research showed that wolves are also better that dogs at learing from humans.
3.3'42'': 343 words
The cancer killing drgus are about to send all around the world. Analyst syas that tha drug is conductive, but it is still have some aspect needed to be refined.
4.2'22'': 290 words
The cost of cancer cure has rised dramaticly during recent years. Some scientist notes that this fact is not noly due to the high cost of medicine, but due to the cost of medical inspection.
5.2'00: 180 words
scientists have found that frozen land, which has been over 400 years old, are growing plant now.
6.7'50'': 1104 words
structure:
1)A example that a 3D printer is used in a surgery.
2)the background of the story
3)the theory of the new treatment of surgery with a 3D printered-organ.
4)the discuss of the application on the use of 3D printer in the surgery
main idea:
there is a case that 3D printer is used in a surgery to make a artificial organ for patient.
作者: haohao8701 时间: 2013-5-29 22:01
铁板二米 发表于 2013-5-29 17:57
对于肺脏来说，除了数据之外，最主要需要考验的是肺的外交换和内交换功能。不然的话，它也不过是个打印出 ...
二米是肺科医生？
作者: 铁板二米 时间: 2013-5-29 22:11
haohao8701 发表于 2013-5-29 22:01
二米是肺科医生？
也不是，肺的基本功能就是进行气体交换啊，肺与空气、肺与血液。
作者: mermaid2891 时间: 2013-5-29 22:18
文章很棒！多谢楼主
1.49
1.48
2.25
2.00
1.02
7.09
作者: hazeldream 时间: 2013-5-29 23:00
time 6 00:05:47.44 00:14:26.75
time 5 00:01:10.97 00:08:39.30
time 4 00:01:42.04 00:07:28.33
time 3 00:02:09.56 00:05:46.29
time 2 00:01:34.25 00:03:36.72
time 1 00:02:02.46 00:02:02.46
作者: wandermango 时间: 2013-5-29 23:09
2.09
2.03
2.37
1.55
1.38
8.22
一个小孩因为和呼吸道有关的原因发病了 但通过3-D打印治好了
这种病的原理
对这种病以前的解决方案
利用3-D打印技术治疗这种病的步骤
专家对这个技术的评价和它相对别的办法的有点
（为啥这个东西会随男孩长大儿长大啊 不懂诶）
作者: qiuhao871227 时间: 2013-5-29 23:23
Time1
2'00''
Time2
2'03''
Time3
2'37''
Time4
2'02''
Time5
1'03''
Obstacle
7'59''
Kaiba's left bronchial tube had collapesd because of a previously undetected birth defect.Physicians and researchers used 3-D print a synthetic tube to hold the baby's airway open. Kaiba hasn't suffered an airway collapse since.
The author tells what an airway malacias is.
Tell how A 3-D printer works and how it recovers the Kaiba's airway collapse.
Athough the use of 3-D printed device and body parts is still in its infancy, it has a gigantic potential for the future.
作者: joanfighter 时间: 2013-5-29 23:25
time1 00:01:34.44
dogs are derived from wolves but they have many differences in some aspects. some reaserch shows that dogs lost some of their ability during this period.
time2 00:01:25.41
dog do lost its ability to learn from its own species. a reaserch prove this thought is true. but dogs may gain learning intelligence from human.
time3 00:01:54.81
immune system drugs are effecting the cancer medicine.its prospect tends to be better.
time4 00:01:09.52
Y this kind of medicine has its wide market prospect.now the cancer medicine market development. some people hold optimate development in future.
time5 00:01:05.55
frozen food named B can be eaten even after hundreds of years.
time6 00:04:48.49
main idea: K is kind of tube used to keep patients breathing. and a babyboy named Kai is a exemple to put out this kind of new development
altitude:positive
para connecting:
a boy need a tube to help him breath.and K is used to do it.
but there is a problem so the reaserchers find out a 3D tube K to resovle this technical problem.
作者: down123 时间: 2013-5-29 23:32
2:06 usually people think the social intelligence of dogs is better than wolves. But the recent research showed that the wolves worked togather better than dogs did in the experiments.
1:46 they did an experiment which showed that wolves can work togather and learn from others better than dogs did.
6:26 introduce a drug which can treat cancers.
01:30 discussed the price of the drug.
01:11 scientists find a group of plants which have been frozen in Arcitc ices for almost 400 years still have the ability to grow and repreduce.
06:36 introduce an example of kaiba's tube which was printed by 3d print
作者: amberfuu 时间: 2013-5-30 09:19
haohao8701 发表于 2013-5-29 17:08
怀疑越障这篇文章真实性，不知道原文出自哪里，有木有试验数据
文章中央台新闻有报道过的
作者: amberfuu 时间: 2013-5-30 09:24
iamyingjie 发表于 2013-5-30 08:18
先总结一下, 这篇文章中，对于动物（dogs or wolves），social intelligence has two meanings:
1) ...
非常感谢！！懂了others的含义也就迎刃而解了！谢谢！
作者: change17251 时间: 2013-5-30 09:57
2.11
2.04
2.27
1.49
1.13
obstacle 7.28
the whole passage is introducing the 3-D technology that helped a baby with defect in airway
1. introducing the case that doctor use 3-D printer to help a baby whose airway has defect, and the usual treatment didn't work
2. introducing how the 3-D printer works
3. introducing the advantages of the 3-D printer
作者: 饼干小熊 时间: 2013-5-30 10:36
00:02:11.74 狗和狼的区别，狗容易理解人的指示。但是关于狼和狗的实验，分食物的时候最低等级的狼也能分到，但是狗却不会，因此缺少social intelligence
00:01:42.50 狗可能在进化过程中渐渐不会learn from other dogs but learn from human
00:01:14.23 冰冻苔藓复数及对发现的总结。
00:05:22.78 3-Dprinter技术协助治疗了kaipa。3-Dprinter在这种病领域的应用以及有潜在的前景。
00:02:39.73 immunotherapies are very expensive, Yervoy is the one cost highest and also very effective.
00:01:58.03
combined Yervoy with an experimental drug called nivolumab are cost much higher. some comments on the market of currenly expensive cancer drugs .
作者: MangoYu 时间: 2013-5-30 19:56
0:01:38
0:01:45
0:02:14
0:01:37
0:00:59
0:06:57
作者: Jesyishuang 时间: 2013-5-30 20:41
2:06 The difference between dogs and wolves in the experiment shows that the dog may be better at learning from humans.
1:40 Wolves learn from others while dogs only learn from humans when they are required to solve complex tasks.
2:34 Drugs are more useful in curing the cancers.
1:33 The high cost of the drugs is due to the expense of research and development.
1:07 Frozen plants could be regrown.
7:17
Main idea: 3-D printed windpipe has a gigantic potential.
Attitude: Objective
Structure:
1)How the 3-D printed windpipe saves the infant' life.
2)Why the 3-D printed windpipe is better than other techniques.
- the way it works
3)its future
作者: xieh928 时间: 2013-5-30 21:12
1.3'06''
People used to think that dogs got special social intelligence which had already disspeared in their ancestor, the wolves.
However the new research shows that the dogs also lost some important skills.
The writer cited two experiments and stated a conclusion that the previous research may be lead by a wrong direction.
Compared with dogs, the wolves, don't follow the orders from human being, but they are good at team working.
2.2'29''
The ' open the box" experiment implies that the dog maybe lost their ability to learn from their own kind while the wolves still keep that.
but it still need to design more experiments to prove it.
3.3'50''
Drugs for treating cancers are a huge potential market, and its profit is underestimated.
4.2'20''
Costs on the drugs are increasing, and people is still working on cutting it down.
5.1'30''
Frozen plants are still alive and keep the ability of reproduction after hundreds of years.
6. 8'40''
3D print technology has been introduced to Medical area.
作者: Jesyishuang 时间: 2013-5-30 21:42
iamyingjie 发表于 2013-5-30 08:18
先总结一下, 这篇文章中，对于动物（dogs or wolves），social intelligence has two meanings:
1) ...
虽然我不是问问题的人但看完这个解释真心醍醐灌顶！
作者: XLJIAYOU 时间: 2013-5-30 23:46
2:26
dogs may have lost some of their social smart in the evolved process , a reserach was done to test this idea.
2:37
an experement showd that wolfs learn more quickly than dogs, some experement were needed to test other aspects data.
3:01
It is predicted that drugs that unleash the immune systerm on carcer will succeed in treaty and economy, and some questions need answerred about drugs.
2:10
some opposite ideas about the drugs will succeed.
1:05
frozen plants come back to lives after hundreds of years.
8:11
3D print saved a child ,and the thoery and discussion about the 3D print technology.
作者: Pope_Xie 时间: 2013-5-31 15:16
打卡！
Time 1 2'28''
Dog may seem to be more intellgient to learn from human beings but they lose the social ablity to corperate with other dogs whereas wolves apparently do better.
Time 2 2'00''
the scientist made a experiment by first teaching 2 dogs to open the food treat in a box by lever and the other by paws. Then in a pack of mixed doges and wolfes they found intersestedly that far more wolves than dogs finally opened the box by using the methods they've been showed. the observation may indicate that dog has lost much of their learning ablity in the evolution but it can also explained as dog now only focuses on what human being does.
Time 3 4'11''
A new drug is invented to be effective in the medication of cancer.it is proved to be of good effect first in some small tumors, and it has a good chance to treat lung, kidney and stomach cancer after further advancement.but the cost of the durg is very high, so before it can provide the benefits to the mass, the
price needs to get much lower.
Time 4 2'52''
Next generation therapy is a compounded medication of immune therapy and radiation therapy. the benefits of the new therapy is that more cancers will response to it but the price will go even higher.
Time 5 2'00''
scientist found that a group of plants with hundreds years of age reproduced after the melt of glacier.
Time 6 15'00''
3D printing technology will advance the medical treatment and in this case bioengeering scientist made a windpiper to save a child who suffer from breathe
disfunction.
作者: GillSun 时间: 2013-6-18 11:59
Article 1
Recent research finds that dogs may lose some social smart in the process. A classic experiment about pointing stick is too simple.
Experiemnts 1 illustrates that wolves work together better than dogs do. So the question is dogs may learn well from human, but how about from other dogs?
Experiment 2 illustrates that dogs don't learn from their packs as well as wolves.
Dogs may undergo an evolutionary tradeoff：losing some of the ability to learn from their own kind,but gaining the ablitiy to learn from humans.
作者: GillSun 时间: 2013-6-18 12:19
Article 2
Immunotherapy drugs will cure above half of cancers and earn a big market: 1.They can cure more kinds of cancers 2. More and more patients will take the drugs 3. The price is stratospheric
Set up one example for proving that Y can cure more kinds of cancers,there's also a new strategy add to the cost.
转：Only some patients respond to Y, so scientists combine another drug,this time the result is much better. But the price will also raise up.
合：Some scientists predict that the price for immunotherapy will not be low even if the drug market expand to other cancers.
作者: GillSun 时间: 2013-6-18 20:51
Obstacle
A baby boy suffered from breathing problem. The principle of breath using tracha. Introduce standard way to solve the breath problem.
But sometimes the issues are severe,so the scientist turn to 3-d printing.
Illustrate how the technology-3D printed device is used and the advantage of this approach.
The further meaning of this approach.
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