ChaseDream
标题: 建一个自用没看懂or花了很长时间才看懂的CR题合集 [打印本页]
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 00:32
标题: 建一个自用没看懂or花了很长时间才看懂的CR题合集
记录一些花了很久才能看懂的CR题，以后复习使用
我的做题心得：CR一定要多花时间在长难句上面，看懂≠做对，but看不懂=大概率做不对
看不懂en做 那不叫做题，那叫祈祷
模板
题型：
————————————————————————
逻辑链
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Plan
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Goal
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Our task
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or
Premise
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Conclusion
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OA
-
当时为什么没选
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Why OA-
OE
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Why OE is tempting - 错因/难点
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解析
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Takeaway
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 02:33
Source：CR 200
Certain genetically modified strains of maize produce a powerful natural insecticide. The insecticide occurs throughout the plant, including its pollen. Maize pollen is dispersed by the wind and frequently blows onto milkweed plants that grow near maize fields. Caterpillars of monarch butterflies feed exclusively on milkweed leaves. When these caterpillars are fed milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from modified maize plants, they die. Therefore, by using genetically modified maize, farmers put monarch butterflies at risk.
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether the natural insecticide is as effective against maize-eating insects as commercial insecticides typically used on maize are
(B) Whether the pollen of genetically modified maize contains as much insecticide as other parts of these plants
(C) Whether monarch butterfly caterpillars are actively feeding during the part of the growing season when maize is releasing pollen
(D) Whether insects that feed on genetically modified maize plants are likely to be killed by insecticide from the plant’s pollen
(E) Whether any maize-eating insects compete with monarch caterpillars for the leaves of milkweed plants growing near maize fields
影响读懂句意的句子：
1.The insecticide occurs throughout the plant, including its pollen.occur除了发生
还有存在的意思to exist or be <a target="_blank">present</a> in, among, etc.:
2.When these caterpillars are fed milkweed leaves 【dusted with pollen】 from modified maize plants, they die
逻辑链
Premise：
maize的花粉天然杀虫剂
花粉会飘到隔壁MP，C以P为食，当C吃了撒有 M的MP叶子，then寄
Conclusion:
用了 M，C危险危险危险
OA: C
Expert Ninja
The passage said the farmers were putting the caterpillars at risk because the caterpillars were eating the insecticide filled pollen from the genetically modified maize. If the caterpillars are NOT eating the pollen because they do not eat the milkweed leaves when the pollen is being released, then we can't say the farmers are putting the caterpillars at risk.
Knowing whether monarch butterfly caterpillars feed on leaves of the milkweed plant when the maize is releasing pollen would help us evaluate the argument. This is why (C) is the answer to this question.
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 03:20
题型： Explain
In Runagia, The population of retired people receiving government pensions will increase by 5 percent over the next ten years, whereas population of working people will remain relatively constant. Government pensions are paid for entirely by a special pension tax on workers’ incomes. It does not follow that Runagia will have to increase tax rates on working people, however, since________.
(A) the average government pension in Runagia increased significantly over the past ten years
(B) immigration to Runagia has remained constant over the past ten years,
(C) a new tax enforcement policy is expected to lead to a significant decrease in the number of people who do not pay the special pension tax on their income
(D) the average number of years during which retired people collect government pensions in Runagia is expected to rise in the near future
(E) retired people in Runagia who receive government pensions typically pay taxes on any other income they receive aside from their pensions
影响题意理解的地方
题干比较简单
选项CDE没有一遍读懂 or TBH 2遍
(C) a new tax enforcement policy is expected to lead to a significant decrease in the number of people who do not pay the special pension tax on their income
1. a new tax enforcement policy —> 不是The tax policy mentioned in the text (text里边也妹有mention任何tax policy, 只是说不一定要increase tax rate on the situation that working population不变 but 退休人数上升）
2. 注意modifier，modifier限定了啥人数量减少了，是那些who do not pay the special pension tax on their income数量减少了 而政府养老金的来源就是the special pension tax
✔
虽然
(D) the average number of years during which retired people collect government pensions in Runagia is expected to rise in the near future
during which 在CR RC中看到直接当that处理
方向反了呀 不能解释这discrepancy反倒是更迷惑了
(E) retired people in Runagia who receive government pensions typically pay taxes on any other income they receive aside from their pensions
逻辑链
- The population of retired people receiving government pensions will increase by 5 percent over the next ten years
- population of working people will remain relatively constant.
- Government pensions are paid for entirely by a special pension tax on workers’ incomes.
Discrepancy: It does not follow that Runagia will have to increase tax rates on working people
要钱的多了，交税的少了，还不提高税率
欸 那钱从何来呢
OA
C
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 03:56
Science journalist: A study led by Dr. Elaine Hardman shows that consuming walnuts reduces the risk of breast cancer in at least some types of mice. The study compared the effects of a typical diet and a diet containing walnuts. During the study period, the group whose diet included walnuts developed breast cancer at less than half the rate of the typical-diet group. In addition, the number and sizes of tumors were significantly smaller.
Which of the following would, if true, most undermine the journalist's reasoning?
(A) The mice used in the study received the walnuts directly as food and indirectly through their mothers when they were in utero and while they were nursing.
(B) The amount of walnuts in the daily test diet equates to about two human servings of walnuts.
(C) Walnuts contain multiple ingredients that, individually, have been shown in other studies to reduce the risk of cancer or slow its growth.
(D) In the study’s mice, the walnut-containing diet changed the activity of multiple genes that are relevant to breast cancer in both mice and humans.
(E) To keep total dietary fat balanced in the mouse groups, unhealthy fats that lower resistance to disease were reduced by an amount equal to the amount of healthy fats added by the walnuts.
题型：
削弱
逻辑链
-
Premise
方法：The study compared the effects of a typical diet and a diet containing walnuts.
结果：
1. During the study period, the group whose diet included walnuts developed breast cancer at less than half the rate of the typical-diet group.
2. The number and sizes of tumors were significantly smaller.
Conclusion
A study led by Dr. Elaine Hardman shows that consuming walnuts reduces the risk of breast cancer in at least some types of mice.
由果推因
果 - the group whose diet included walnuts developed breast cancer at less than half the rate of the typical-diet group.
因 - walnuts reduces the risk of breast cancer
削弱：
1. 因果倒置 这里不行 不能是因为没有cancer才吃坚果
2. 找他因
3. 有因无果
4. 有果无因
5. 数据错误
影响题意理解的地方
选项E，绕，就en绕
意思就是 unhealthy fats 减少了 -- 他因
OA
E
解析
先生你好小姐你好 妹有解析，把E选项背了
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 05:21
11. Sodium sulfate has long been used in powdered laundry detergents as a filler to add bulk, and has also been used in concentrated liquid detergents in lesser amounts. As concentrated liquid detergents become increasingly popular, detergent manufacturers have been buying less sodium sulfate. Yet within the last year sodium sulfate producers have been surprised by an increase in demand from detergent manufacturers, given that sales of powdered laundry detergent remained unchanged.
In light of the information given, which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increased demand for sodium sulfate?
(A) Many consumers who own older washing machines believe that the concentrated liquid detergents are unsuitable for use in their machines.
(B) There are no ingredients less expensive than sodium sulfate that detergent manufacturers could use in place of it in their powdered laundry detergents.
(C) Detergent manufacturers will often sell both a powdered detergent and a concentrated liquid detergent under the same brand name, even though the two products are obviously not exactly the same.
(D) Detergent manufacturers have discovered that increasing the amount of sodium sulfate in concentrated liquid detergents makes it possible to omit certain more expensive ingredients.
(E) One of the reasons powdered and liquid detergents contain bulk fillers is to make it unnecessary for consumers to measure precisely the amount of detergent they need to use.
题型：
explain
逻辑链
Fact 1/ Sodium sulfate has long been used
1. in powdered laundry detergents as a filler to add bulk,
2. in concentrated liquid detergents in lesser amounts.
Fact 2/ concentrated liquid detergents become increasingly popular, detergent manufacturers have been buying less sodium sulfate.
Fact 3/ Yet within the last year sodium sulfate producers have been surprised by an increase in demand from detergent manufacturers, given that sales of powdered laundry detergent remained unchanged.
人话version：
S用于洗衣粉&洗衣液，洗衣液呢用的S要少一点；
洗衣液变得更受欢迎 —> buy less S
discrepancy:
问你为什么在【洗衣液销量上升but用S少】& 【洗衣粉的销量不变】的情况下;
detergent manufacturer【整个industry 包括洗衣液&洗衣粉】对S的demand上升了
OA：Detergent manufacturers have discovered that increasing the amount of sodium sulfate in concentrated liquid detergents makes it possible to omit certain more expensive ingredients.
在洗衣液中添加s可以帮助omit掉更贵的成分 --> 好耶 买它买它买它
given fact【洗衣液销量上升】
explain : )
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 06:57
The price of titanium dioxide, a key ingredient in house paint, is increasing due to limited supplies because many mining companies that once produced titanium ore have shifted production to other ores. Without titanium dioxide, . Companies that produce paint have concluded that they will soon need to increase the prices on the paint they produce.
Which of the following would, if true, most strongly support the companies’ conclusion?
A Prices for paint ingredients other than titanium dioxide are not likely to increase.
B Plants that make titanium dioxide from titanium ore can be idled and restarted relatively quickly.
C The production cost of paint without titanium dioxide is not low enough to make such paint economically viable to compete with paint containing titanium dioxide.
D Because of recent increases in the price of titanium ore, mining companies that shifted production to other ores are now shifting back to producing titanium ore.
E Manufacturers of paint typically contract with chemical makers to lock in the price for at least a year's supply of titanium dioxide at a time.
题型：support
逻辑链
Premise
paint原材料TD供应减少 —> TD价格上升
No TD —> paint颜色浅需要更多paint
Conclusion
油漆公司：涨价预告
影响题意理解的地方
| Without titanium dioxide, paint colors are less bright and more coasts of paint must be applied to compensate. | coast here就是量词，没啥意义，可以不看
就是more paint must be applied |
题干analysis
成本=TD价格+其他原材料价格
TD原材料涨价，paint公司有两条路可以走
方法1. 继续用涨价的原材料TD
成本=TD价格?+其他原材料价格
—> 原材料涨价了 cost上升，定价也得高 = soon need to increase the prices on the paint
方法2. 不使用涨价的原材料TD, 不用了
Without titanium dioxide, paint colors are less bright and more coasts of paint must be applied to compensate
成本=TD价格+其他原材料价格+多使用的其他原材料（applied to compensate for less brightness）的价格
—> 是否能得出一定涨价结论取决于
多使用的其他原材料（applied to compensate for less brightness）的价格>
TD价格
a. if > then 支持涨价conclusion，given TD已经涨价了，换成TD也不能减少cost
b. if《 then no support，因为成本不变or更少
方法2的情况b可以用于削弱conclusion 【Companies that produce paint have concluded that they will soon need to increase the prices on the paint they produce】.因为成本不变，涨价涨什么玩意一天天的不许涨
OA
The production cost of paint without titanium dioxide is not low enough to make such paint economically viable to compete with paint containing titanium dioxide.
Why 当时排除OA
现在的情况：油漆中一种成分TD价格上升了 ——>油漆公司要涨价
要加强
那选项C说了现在这个价格就已经竞争不过，你还加价，加价后不更加没得玩吗
错因：wrongly assumed that conclusion中的paint 公司因为TD原材料价格的上升已经跑去用其他的材料替代了 ×
题干中并没有这么说，题干只是present了两点
1. mining companies that once produced titanium ore have shifted production to other ores
2. 如果木有TD要花更多paint
方法2的cost is not low enough to make such paint economically viable to compete with 方法1的cost
题干已给出fact TD就是贵了
所以含有TD的paint——方法1的cost一定是涨的
可能的削弱方向 使用方法2：如果其他成分很便宜，便宜到到一定程度，用方法2，使用其他成分代替TD，哪怕闭着眼往paint里面加，都比方法1（继续使用含有TD的油漆，但不用使用更多）要便宜，or比之前（TD涨价之前）更便宜，那么涨价就不是必须的了
OA排除了可能的削弱选项，从而加强,，现在告诉你用方法2成本也一定是涨的
not low enough to compete = 使用方法1反而更便宜 ->还不如继续用含有TD的paint呢 还更便宜
就是说我们以上削弱conclusion的方法2情况b不存在
再复读机一遍
without TD 比 with TD less economically viable，就是我只能去选择用方法1 —— 继续使用TD，哪怕它涨价了
因为可能存在的alternative（以上方法2） -- 不使用TD but用更多的paint to compensate the color -- 被否决了 （成本更高）
加强conclusion：结论是要increase the price on the paint they produce，
一定要涨价！以上两种方法不管哪种都会increase the price，妹有better alternative哦，只能涨价啦sry mate
OE
D. Because of recent increases in the price of titanium ore, mining companies that shifted production to other ores are now shifting back to producing titanium ore.
为什么选D：忘记题目类型 淦
D为什么错
方向反了, 要增强要涨价，D削弱了
GMAC老头 CR错误选项惯用套路之一：exact opposite direction (tempting by presenting info that relates perfectly to the argument, but just in the wrong manner)
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 19:53
In the country of Malan, companies caught dumping industrial waste illegally on public property will soon face fines. Fines at fixed amount per violation have been proposed. Critics object that such mixed fines would encourage companies to be violators to make sure each violation pays, which they would do by dumping so much waste that the savings, relative to the costs of legal disposal, exceed the fine.
The critics objection assumes which of the following?
A Companies convicted of illegal dumping on public property will not be required to clean up the site and to dispose of the recovered waste properly.
C The cost of disposing the industrial waste legally is less per unit of volume If the qualities disposed of are large rather than small.
D Much illegal dumping is a perpetuation of customary practices rather than a defiant response to legal restrictions.能排除但有单词
E Fines based on volume of illegally dumped industrial waste would be no more difficult to assess than fixed fines.
题型：
assumption
逻辑链
*Premise
马保国，不是，在马国
- 乱掉垃圾 will soon face fines.
Proposal: Fines at fixed amount per violation have been proposed
*Conclusion
Critics: 我不认可你这个proposal
理由：会导致公司屯到一定数量再扔，不会起到震慑作用让公司采取leagally丢垃圾的方式，反而促进了公司采用非法丢的方式，因为比合法方式便宜
影响题意理解的地方
长难句：Critics object that [such mixed fines would encourage companies to be violators to make sure (that) each violation pays (pays here 可以理解为pay back -- 值得), 【which they would do by dumping so much waste that the savings, （relative to the costs of legal disposal 插入语，修饰名词the savings), exceed the fine】.
人话version
不是要按照fixed amount per violation来罚款吗，格局打开，我丢一包也是丢，那我丢一伯包也是丢
我屯个763包再丢不香吗，你罚的款给你当工资了hehe 反正比我自己legally扔便宜
哥们要保证交的罚款物有所值啊！
OA
读懂了就是好做，选A
解析
A选项取非： Companies convicted of illegal dumping on public property will be required to clean up the site and to dispose of the recovered waste properly.
那就省不了钱啦，还费力，省钱鬼才公司只能乖乖用合法方式丢哦TAT
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-13 20:45
House cats suffering from hyperthyroidism——A condition characterized by weight loss, hyperactivity and eventually heart disease——often show high blood levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), a chemical used as a fire retardant in rugs and furniture covers. Clearly the use of PBDE for this purpose can contribute to hyperthyroidism in house cats.
Which of the following would, if true, most weakens the argument?
A Any sensitivity to PBDE that a house cat may have is at least partly based on genetic factors.
D Some diseases other than hypothyroidism produce symptoms in house cats like those produced by hyperthyroidism.
E The effects of hyperthyroidism in house cat include an inability to expel PBDE from the blood.
题型：
削弱
逻辑链
*Premise
得H病的猫猫血液里有high blood levels of PBDE（一种用于FR的化学物质）
*Conclusion
PBDE的使用导致了猫得病
模型：由果推因
果-现象-得H病的猫猫血液里 PBDE浓度高
因-PBDE导致了猫得H病
削弱
OA:E 因果倒置，不是因为PBDE导致了猫得H病，而是因为得了H病导致PBDE排不出去
类比：不是因为寂寞才想你，只是因为想你才寂寞（不是
argument：NBA球星个子都很高 所以得出结论打球让人长高
不是因为打篮球导致个子高，而是因为只有个子高的人才更有机会去NBA打球
错误选项D
Some diseases other than hypothyroidism produce symptoms in house cats like those produced by hyperthyroidism.
题型：
削弱
逻辑链
*Premise
得H病的猫猫血液里有high blood levels of PBDE（一种用于FR的化学物质）
*Conclusion
PBDE的使用导致了猫得病
选项 - 一些除了H以外的疾病和H产生相似的症状，so what？we DONT CARE about disease or symptons of disease other than H
我们的目标只有一个 削弱PBDE的使用导致了猫得病这个结论！
错误选项A
A. Any sensitivity to PBDE that a house cat may have is at least partly based on genetic factors.
对PBDE的敏感度至少在一定程度上取决于基因factors
IDC
不能削弱 PBDE的使用导致了猫得H病这个conclusion
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 04:19
Some Nolex corporation employees who use video display terminals daily for extended periods experience vision-related problems such as blurred vision or headaches. Since these problems do not affect all users of these terminals and are quickly and entirely reversible through simple modifications to individual terminals and work spaces, Nolex’s current policy of undertaking modifications only when an employee reports vision-related problems is not detrimental to any employee’s physical well-being.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
B Nolex employees who use video display terminal for extended periods at work do not also use them extensively at home.
D Nolex employees who experience vision-related problems at work from the use of video display terminal will in fact report such problems to their employers.
题型：
assumption
逻辑链
*Premise
- Some employees who use video display terminals experience vision-related problems
- 但是
1. these problems do not affect all users of these terminals
2. are quickly and entirely reversible through simple modifications to individual terminals and work spaces
*Conclusion
Nolex’s current policy of undertaking modifications only when an employee reports vision-related problems is not detrimental to any employee’s physical well-being.
OA V.S. tempting OE
B Nolex employees who use video display terminal for extended periods at work do not also use them extensively at home.
取非：Nolex employees who use video display terminal for extended periods at work do also use them extensively at home.
employees who use video display terminal for extended periods at work在家也这样过度使用
我的conclusion是这个current policy（which is only undertake modifications when employees report problems）对员工的physical well-being没有任何不利影响
而在家里也过分使用对wellbeing有害的terminal，那这个policy就没用了啊，在家怎么跟你report
至今还不知道这题思路错在哪，先走先走，反正做了两遍我都没选B 先去管真正错了的题 之后再看说不定有新思路
D Nolex employees who experience vision-related problems at work from the use of video display terminal will in fact report such problems to their employers.
取非：Nolex employees who experience vision-related problems at work from the use of video display terminal will NOT in fact report such problems to their employers.
这些可怜打工人自己独自默默承受这份痛苦，then our conclusion【current policy is not detrimental to any employee’s physical well-being】 collapse
：）EZPZ
影响题意理解的地方
1.
S V O
Nolex’s current policy 【of undertaking modificationsonly when an employee reports vision-related problems adv. 修饰undertake】 is not detrimental to any employee’s physical well-being.
提SVO 没事这次不记得咱们下次记得 训练到看到这种恶心东西直接提SVO，想都不带想，刻入DNA
2.
People 【who experience vision-related problems as a result of their use of video display terminals】 typically experience these problems 【every day that use their terminal】
知道OA为什么对，但是不知道为什么OE错
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 04:53
Which of the following most logically completes the argument? Before the nineteenth century in Europe, grain, which was mostly eaten as bread or porridge, was often stored in conditions that allowed the growth of certain fungi. These fungi produce a toxin that when ingested increases susceptibility to disease unless the toxin has been exposed to boiling temperatures for an extended period. Therefore, before the nineteenth century the Europeans' reliance on grain reduced their resistance to disease, since __________.
(A) bread and porridge were often prepared in ways that raised the temperature to the boiling point only for a brief period
(B) each family typically stored a winter's supply of grain in a wooden or stone granary
(C) the toxin-producing fungi have a distinctive aroma that enables people to distinguish contaminated from uncontaminated grain
(D) there were a large number of infectious diseases prevalent in Europe at that time
(E) people who are malnourished are more likely than those who are well fed to be susceptible to disease
题型：
增强
逻辑链
*Premise
19th C 欧洲 grain, which was mostly eaten as bread or porridge, was often stored in conditions that allowed the growth of certain fungi. These fungi produce a toxin that when ingested increases susceptibility to disease unless the toxin has been exposed to boiling temperatures for an extended period. *Conclusion
before the nineteenth century the Europeans' reliance on grain reduced their resistance to disease
OA V.S. OE
句子 impedient to my understanding of the passage These fungi produce a toxin that when ingested increases susceptibility to disease unless the toxin has been exposed to boiling temperatures for an extended period. why/where不懂：为什么有两个verb，谁才是verb 答：倒装！ 正确语序：These fungi produce a toxin that increases susceptibility to disease when ingested unless the toxin has been exposed to boiling temperatures for an extended period. 选A 没啥难度，就这个句子没看懂 |
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 06:46
AdadisCo needs to increase its annual production of sweatshirts. To do so, it must either hire new employees or else ask its currents workforce to work more overtime. When working overtime, employees are paid one and one-half times their normal hourly wage. On the other hand, newly hired workers, although they would not be paid quite as much per hour as AdadisCo’s experienced employees, would produce far less per hour than its current workers do.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by information given?
B AdadisCo cannot increase its production without experiencing at least a short-term increase in the average cost of labor per sweetshirt produced.
E Unless AdadisCo asks its current workforce to work more overtime, its annual production will fall.
题型：
must be true
逻辑链
*Premise
盗版阿迪达斯 needs to increase its annual production of sweatshirts；
两种either or方法 and their pros & cons
| Plan | S | W |
| 1. hire new employees | 工资少 | 产量far less per hour |
| 2. currents workforce to work more overtime | 产量 | 1.5倍工资 |
可以推出以下哪点
OA V.S. OE
OA：AdadisCo cannot increase its production without experiencing at least a short-term increase in the average cost of labor per sweetshirt produced.
要想提高产量，且有这两种方法
- hire new employees：要想提高产量，得多招人
总产量=每人产量*人数
已经给出fact每人产量下降 想提高总产量人数就得上去
- currents workforce to work more overtime：产量上去，工资高了
据以上，都能推出cost of labor上升 ✔
short term理解的是hire new employees需要时间给他们变成熟手，increase产量
Tempting OE
Unless AdadisCo asks its current workforce to work more overtime, its annual production will fall.
错 除了让current workforce work more overtime，还可以多招人
长难句
AdadisCo cannot increase its production without experiencing at least a short-term increase in the average cost of labor per sweetshirt produced.
也没啥难的啊 为啥就要反反复复读三遍呢 TAT
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 07:02
The value of the United States dollar relative to major foreign currencies decreased between 1980 and 1986. Since the decrease made American goods cheaper to buy with these currencies, economists reasonably predicted that the United States exports would increase significantly. However, the total volume of United States exports during this period increased by a smaller amount than predicted.
Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of why the increase in United States exports was less than predicted?
D Between 1980 and 1986, the quality of manufactured goods exported by the United States was comparable to similar goods manufactured in countries to which these exports were marketed.
E Since the early 1980s, newly industrialized nations producing high-quality goods at low cost have emerged as competitors in the United States export market.
题目EZ 读两个选项句子花了很久 做对了
the quality of manufactured goods exported by the United States was comparable to similar goods manufactured in countries to which these exports were marketed.
the quality of 【manufactured goods exported by the United States】was comparable to 【similar goods manufactured in countries which these exports were marketed to】
US 出口产品quality和本地生产产品一样，那美元贬值出口应该增加才对 为什么增加的不如预期呢 不能解释
Since the early 1980s, newly industrialized nations 【producing high-quality goods at low cost】 have emerged as competitors in the United States export market.
✔
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 07:49
传图片真难 是时候更新优化一下网站了
：）
很难操作
[attach]266437[/attach]
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 17:07
Last year, for the fourth year in a row, Sudeki's Bike Shop in Portland, Oregon, sold more TrackMaker bicycles than did any other single-location store in the state of Oregon. Sudeki's Bike Shop was also ranked third in the United States last year among single-location stores in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold, a rank it had never before attained.
If the statements above are true, which of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) Sudeki's Bike Shop sold fewer TrackMaker bicycles last year than the year before.
(B) More TrackMaker bicycles were sold in the state of Oregon than in any other state in the United States.
(C) Last year Sudeki's Bike Shop did not sell as many bicycles of the TrackMaker brand as it did of each of the other brands it sells.
(D) A bicycle store operating in more than one location in the state of Oregon sold more TrackMaker bicycles last year than did Sudeki's Bike Shop.
(E) The single-location store that was ranked second in the United States last year in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold was also located in the state of Oregon.
题型：
must be true (except)
逻辑链: must be true 就不能列P&C了，因为它妹有conclusion
Given
1. Last year, Sudeki's Bike Shop in Portland, Oregon, sold more TrackMaker bicycles than did any other single-location store in the state of Oregon.
2. Sudeki's Bike Shop was also ranked third in the United States last year among single-location stores in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold, a rank it had never before attained.
1. Portland的S店比其他任何一家在O州的S店卖的都多
2. Portland的S店在美国排第三，这个成绩之前从未有过
Portland不是一个国家吗，这意思是Porland是US的一个子集？what? 直接决定了我能不能选到这个E选项头上啊
OA V.S. OE
OE: Sudeki's Bike Shop sold fewer TrackMaker bicycles last year than the year before.
why选: 第二点说
Sudeki's Bike Shop was also ranked third in the United States last year among single-location stores in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold, a rank it had never before attained.
单店销量排第三，之前从未达到过
Sudeki's Bike Shop sold fewer TrackMaker bicycles last year than the year before 怎么能对呢，
类比我今年期末考了一伯分，a score that I had never before acheived
这个选项说我的分数比之前的低？how？
我不理解，先看OA为什么对吧
OA：
The single-location store that was ranked second in the United States last year in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold was also located in the state of Oregon.
绕啊
在US排第二的店also located in O州
1. Portland的S店比其他任何一家在O州的S店卖的都多
2. Portland的S店在美国排第三
懂了，but花了好久！这题多看几遍吧多消化
再来看A为什么错，How can it be true
Sudeki's Bike Shop was also ranked third in the United States last year among single-location stores in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold, a rank it had never before attained.
我懂了!
错因：类比是错误类比
正确类比：哥们今年期末考了第一名，之前从没拿到过第一名
选项为哥们考的比之前都低，can be true？
YES
我去年考了99分，但是100分有三个，我排第四名
我今年考了90分，但是全班没有人比我高
><
Takeaway：DO NOT confuse rank with 实际的销量，they are two DIFFERENT things
比如某些trash noob机构市场上排名第一能证明他们的能力强吗？no，也有可能是市场的现存players都很菜
句子 impedient to my understanding of the passage
不是特定句子，背整个passage+某些选项
难的是识别到老头在玩shell game在偷偷切换概念
考点类似actual number & percentage
这题本身就是很好的takeaway，背吧宝
Last year, for the fourth year in a row (连续四年), Sudeki's Bike Shop in Portland, Oregon, sold more TrackMaker bicycles than did any other single-location store in the state of Oregon. Sudeki's Bike Shop was also ranked third in the United States last year among single-location stores in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold, a rank it had never before attained.
CANNOT be true
(A) Sudeki's Bike Shop sold fewer TrackMaker bicycles last year than the year before.
(E) The single-location store that was ranked second in the United States last year in terms of the number of TrackMaker bicycles sold was also located in the state of Oregon.
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-14 20:34
我是真滴棒啊 caffeine & enzyme 题
Takeaway：CR读题真的很重要shut down的是 production of enzyme not just enzyme
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-15 20:49
There are several known versions of the thirteenth-century book describing a journey Marco Polo of Venice supposedly made to China, yet none contains any description of the Great Wall of China. Since Marco Polo would have had to cross the Great Wall to travel the route described and since the book reports in detail on other, less notable, structures, the omission of the Great Wall strongly suggests that Marco Polo never did actually travel to China.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(B) In his travels, Marco Polo certainly visited his family's trading posts on the Black Sea, where he would have had contact with people who had traveled to the various parts of China that the book describes.
(E) Certain pieces of accurate information about thirteenth-century China are contained in some of the known versions of the book but not in all known versions.
看懂了passage，但没看懂选项
题型：
加强
逻辑链
*Premise
1/none of the several known versions of the thirteenth-century book describing a journey Marco Polo of Venice supposedly made to China contains any description of the Great Wall of China.
2/ Since Marco Polo would have had to cross the Great Wall to travel the route described
3/ since the book reports in detail on other, less notable, structures,
*Conclusion
the omission of the Great Wall strongly suggests that Marco Polo never did actually travel to China.
OA V.S. OE-句子 impedient to my understanding of the passage
OA. In his travels, Marco Polo certainly visited his family's trading posts on the Black Sea, where he would have had contact with people who had traveled to the various parts of China that the book describes.
小马没真正去过中国，but这些人跟他说中国啥样
他对中国的描述是道听途说而不是亲身经历
OE. Certain pieces of accurate information about thirteenth-century China are contained in some of the known versions of the book but not in all known versions.
题干中提到了There are several known versions，选项E的意思是一些关于13th世纪中国的正确信息在有些版本中存在但是在其他版本中不存在
方向反了，our goal is to support conclusion that Marco Polo never did actually travel to China by evidence none of the several known versions of the thirteenth-century book describing a journey Marco Polo of Venice supposedly made to China contains any description of the Great Wall of China.
我的疑问：不是说了这些version中没有任何一个包含长城相关？
答：是的，所以这个选项都不能算一个valid的weaken选项，ie不能建议马可波罗去过中国，因为题干中告诉了你所有的version中长城都不存在，不存在有的version没有但在有的version存在的情况 ><
有人分析了《马可‧波罗行纪》的作者与传抄者，比较了巴黎版、托斯卡纳版、等各个版本，说明《马可‧波罗行纪》并非出自马可‧波罗本人之手，而是透过其牢友鲁斯蒂谦（Rusticello）的记载而反映出来的马可‧波罗游历。因此我们不能对其叙述多加着墨。
而马可‧波罗书中未提及的事物，也不无可能存在于其他已失传的版本中。
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-15 21:02
Sales manager: My salespeople are required to attend classes to keep their sales skills current. We use a lot of company time organizing this training—renting meeting rooms, hiring trainers, and holding sessions during business hours. We can decrease the amount of company time devoted to salespeople's training by requiring the sales staff to use online tutorials and videos instead.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the idea that the sales manager's proposal will have the predicted effect?
(A) Studies have shown that supplementing classroom activities with online materials can greatly increase peoples' ability to learn the subject matter.
(B) The online tutorials and videos can be tailored to address issues specific to the sale manager's industry.
(C) Employees will be more willing to take the sales classes if they can do so at their own pace.
(D) The sales staff are likely to access the online classes and videos during business hours.
(E) Online tutorials and videos once created require almost no work to maintain.
题型：
support
逻辑链
*背景
Sales manager: My salespeople are required to attend classes to keep their sales skills current.
We use a lot of company time organizing this training—renting meeting rooms, hiring trainers, and holding sessions during business hours.
*GOAL & PLAN
We can decrease the amount of company time devoted to salespeople's training [GOAL]by requiring the sales staff to use online tutorials and videos instead [PLAN].
My task:supports the idea that the sales manager's proposal will have the predicted effect —> acheive goal
难点：几个选项都和文章方向一致，这种题目一定要知道（并牢记于心）GOAL是什么，predicted effect是什么
(A) Studies have shown that supplementing classroom activities with online materials can greatly increase peoples' ability to learn the subject matter. 确实是这个plan的好处，但是我们的goal (predicted effect)是decrease the amount of company time devoted to salespeople's training ❌cannot support
(B) The online tutorials and videos can be tailored to address issues specific to the sale manager's industry. ❌NOTHING TO DO with decreasing time.
(C) Employees will be more willing to take the sales classes if they can do so at their own pace.❌ NOT RELATED TO OUR GOAL!!
(D) The sales staff are likely to access the online classes and videos during business hours.❌方向反了
(E) Online tutorials and videos once created require almost no work to maintain. ✔YES!
Takeaway:
跟传统加强削弱一定要关注CONCLUSION一样
这种PLAN&GOAL类型题目的加强削弱，眼睛盯死OUR GOAL!!!
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-15 22:50
Last year Cidney Co, a manufacturer of carousel horses, sold 1000 horses, while Horsan-Works, the only other manufacturer, sold 2000. However, in January this year, Cidney Co launched a new model, and by the end of March, it had already received orders for 1000 horses of the new type alone. Given that the total demand for carousel horses is unlikely to increase, Carousel-Work is bound to sell fewer horses this year than it did last year.
Which of the following, if true, more seriously weakens the argument?
A The prices of carousel horses are likely to rise this year.
B In order to recover the costs of developing the new model, Cidney Co needs to sell 2000 horses of that type.
C The average size of carousels has been steadily increasing.
D In the past decade as a whole, Cidney Co sold more horses than Horsan-Works.
E Cidney Co’s production capacity is limited to 1000 horses annually and cannot be increased before the end of this year.
题型：weaken
————————————————————————
难懂的地方
————————————————————————
Premise：两个卖?的公司
| Last year |
| Cidney Co | 1000 |
| Horsan-Works | 2000 |
| Total | 3000 |
而今年三月底Cidney Co就已经卖了1000，Given市场总需求不变
Conclusion：Carousel-Work is bound to sell fewer horses this year than it did last year.
❓
Carousel-Work？你寄吧谁呀，你不是叫Horsan-Works吗？
根据OA判断，这个C-W 就是题干中的 H-W
只能是打错了吧 这是官方题吗 
放心哦不害怕哦考试才不会碰到这种笨比卡我壳的地方
读懂选E不是右手就行
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-15 22:51
The Acme Corporation plans to improve productivity by giving staff more-powerful computers with faster Internet connections. But some of the corporation's managers claim that many employees play games over the Internet at work, and conclude from this claim that the plan will be counterproductive.
Assuming that the managers' claim is correct, which of the following would, if true, most strongly support the prediction that the Acme Corporation's plan will succeed?
(A) The Acme Corporation has a written policy forbidding staff from playing computer games at work.
(B) None of the managers at Acme Corporation play games over, the Internet at work.
(C) At most corporations, there is no correlation between the amount of time employees spend playing computer games and the power of their computers or speed of their Internet connections.
(D) Few if any employees at Acme Corporation have duties that could be performed more efficiently with more-powerful computers or faster Internet connections.
(E) Managers at Acme Corporation have observed that those employees with the more-powerful computers arid fast Internet connections spend a significant amount of time playing computer games.
题型：support
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Plan
giving staff more-powerful computers with faster Internet connections.
Goal
improve productivity
Our task
在不反驳“many employees play games over the Internet at work“ 的前提下
support the prediction that the Acme Corporation's plan will succeed instead be counterproductive.
————————————————————————
OA
At most corporations, there is no correlation between the amount of time employees spend playing computer games and the power of their computers or speed of their Internet connections.
当时为什么没选
已经说了our task is to assuming that the managers' claim that many employees play games over the Internet at work is correct
这选项不是反前提吗
错因/难点：shell game
不是同一个东西！！
解析
我们的plan是giving staff more-powerful computers with faster Internet connections to improve productivity
Managers说的是many employees play games over the Internet at work, and conclude from this claim that the plan will be counterproductive.
这两个不是一个东西，也不一定存在因果关系
电脑好≠上班时间玩游戏
如果想加强Managers的观点，可以说调查发现电脑越好网越好 ——>大家越会上班时间玩游戏
这里让我们增强plan会成功
————————————————————————
Takeaway：need to read VERY VERY VERY LITERALLY & CAREFULLY
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-16 00:34
Moto Company plans to publish some of its advertisements for its new, lightweight motorcycle in children's magazines. Yet virtually no child could manage to purchase a motorcycle, and even if a child could convince his or her parents to buy one, it would be illegal for that child to ride it.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly suggests that it will be to Moto's advantage to advertise its new motorcycle in children's magazines?
(A) Moto’s advertising practice is to advertise its new motorcycle only in magazines that currently carry no motorcycle advertising.
(B) The advertising firm hired to manage Moto's campaign for its new motorcycle receives a discount for placing advertisements in certain children's magazines with which the advertising firm does a great deal of business.
(C) Moto's advertisement for its new motorcycle is being run with a message stating that all motorcyclists are required by law to wear protective headgear.
(D) Moto's advertisements are likely to predispose children to purchase the nonmotorized bicycle that it is about to market.
题型：support
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Plan
publish some of its advertisements for its new, lightweight motorcycle in children's magazines
Goal
没有具体的goal
Our task
To support that it will be to Moto's advantage to advertise its new motorcycle in children's magazines
抽象 抽你 抽你 抽你
选项分析
————————————————————————
OA
Moto's advertisements are likely to predispose children to purchase the nonmotorized bicycle that it is about to market.
当时为什么没选
没读懂
| predispose | 释义：to influence someone to behave or think in a particular way or to have a particular condition
例句：
1. Individualism predisposes many people to look for individual solutions to social problems.
2. Your family history can help a doctor determine if you are predisposed to developing heart disease. |
| about to market | 可以理解为还未上市，but将要上市的产品，未来也要去做广告营销的 |
达成目标：suggests that it will be to Moto's advantage to advertise its new motorcycle in children's magazines
by increase 未来销量
OE
1. Moto’s advertising practice is to advertise its new motorcycle only in magazines that currently carry no motorcycle advertising.
Why OE is tempting
why选：可以解释为什么要在儿童杂志投放广告，虽然人家不是target customers —— 因为只在没有摩托车广告的杂志上投放
why错：Our task is to support that it will be to Moto's advantage to advertise its new motorcycle in children's magazines
该选项不能support在儿童杂志上投放广告有利
The advertising firm 【hired to manage Moto's campaign for its new motorcycle】 receives a discount for placing advertisements in certain children's magazines with which the advertising firm does a great deal of business.
————————————
for placing advertisements in certain children's magazines with which the advertising firm does a great deal of business.
for placing advertisements in certain children's magazines which the advertising firm does a great deal of business with .
————————————
”帮M公司打理广告的公司与儿童杂志有合作，投放广告有折扣。折扣再大也要花钱，没有好处也没用。“
理解错了的选项
Moto's advertisement for its new motorcycle is being run with a message stating that all motorcyclists are required by law to wear protective headgear.
我理解的：戴头盔就可以让小孩子合法骑了，违背了premise 【纯纯脑补啊hxd】
正确的：广告传递了要戴头盔的规定
理解错了所以成功排除，我可真是个小天才
————————————————————————
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-16 02:10
In an experiment, chimpanzees of a certain species gave researchers tokens from a bucket in exchange for grapes. For presentation of a grey token, the chimpanzee who presented it got one grape; while presentation of red token brought two grapes; one grape for that chimpanzee and another grape for an unfamiliar chimpanzee visible through a screen. The chimpanzees usually choose the red tokens. The researchers concluded that chimpanzees of that species are motivated by the desire to help other chimpanzees as well as themselves.
Performing one or more experiments to answer which of the following question would contribute most to evaluate the interpretation given to the experiment described above?
B If the chimpanzees were given more grapes for each color of token, than were given for those colors in the experiment described above, would the pattern of outcome be changed?
D Which color preferences, if any, are found among chimpanzees of the same species as those in the experiment described above?
这题看懂了，看完之后也知道方向是找猩猩是否更喜欢红色【他因】选项
错因：没有在固定时间内看懂这两个选项
OA: Which color preferences, if any, are found among chimpanzees of the same species as those in the experiment described above?
去掉插入语，Among chimpanzees [of the same species (as those in the experiment described above)], which color preferences are found?
OE: If the chimpanzees were given more grapes for each color of token, than were given for those colors in the experiment described above, would the pattern of outcome be changed?
看不懂去掉插入语先，先把句子读懂，再来管插入语
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-16 02:54
In an experiment, one group of volunteers were shown words associated with money, such as “salary”, whereas another group was shown neutral words. Afterwards, individuals in both groups solved puzzles unrelated to money. Those who had been shown words associated with money were much less likely to request or offer help with the puzzles. The researchers concluded from this evidence that preoccupation with money makes people less cooperative.
Which of the following is an assumption the researchers reasoning requires?
A At least some of the volunteers were preoccupied with money before being shown the words.
C Most of the volunteers who were shown neutral words requested or offered help with the puzzles.
E The volunteers who were shown neutral words were, on average, less preoccupied with money while solving the puzzles than the other volunteers were.
错因：preoccupy
| 易混淆 | preoccupation | to be the main thought in someone's mind, causing other things to be forgotten:
Economic concerns are preoccupying the voters in this election.
————
preoccupation 占据一个人的全部思绪
1.an idea or subject that someone thinks about most of the time
2. 全神贯，入神；the state of being worried about or thinking about something most of the time |
| occupation | 占据一个人生活的一大部分：职业 |
这种动词你不认识你告诉我要记缩写，我吉尼の玛，你有没有考过这个试啊请问你
THATS NOT HOW OUR BRAIN FUNCTIONS, 恰烂钱TRASH 机构
题型：assumption【suporter assumption】
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
| 实验对象 | one group of volunteers were shown words associated with money
another group was shown neutral words. |
| 实验方法 | individuals in both groups solved puzzles unrelated to money |
| 实验结果 | Those who had been shown words associated with money were much less likely to request or offer help with the puzzles. |
Conclusion
The researchers concluded from this evidence that preoccupation with money makes people less cooperative.
————————————————————————
OA
The volunteers who were shown neutral words were, on average, less preoccupied with money while solving the puzzles than the other volunteers were.
逻辑链：shown words associated with money ->preoccupied with money -> less cooperative
NOT shown words associated with money ( shown neutral words) = LESS preoccupation with money 无因无果
加强shown words associated with money 和 preoccupation with money 因果关系
shown words associated with money 导致 preoccupation with money ——>less cooperative
OE
A. At least some of the volunteers were preoccupied with money before being shown the words.
错因：没看懂
OE说的是before being shown the words，这些人就已经preoccupied with money
Passage的推论：
这些 shown words associated with money的实验对象less likely to request or offer help with the puzzles，所以preoccupation with money makes people less cooperative
关于这些实验对象在shown words associated with money之前是啥样，IDGA*
就算negate：none of the volunteers were preoccupied with money before being shown the words
conclusion依旧成立（因为我们的conclusion是什么：是shown words associated with money = preoccupation with money ——>less cooperative）
not our assumption
C Most of the volunteers who were shown neutral words requested or offered help with the puzzles.
为什么错: 题干已经说了Those who had been shown words associated with money were much less likely to request or offer help with the puzzles.
不管这些volunteers who were shown neutral words是否大部分most都requested or offered help with the puzzles, 反正比shown words associated with money的多
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-16 04:16
In an experiment, researchers planted a coin beside half the public telephones in a building. Whenever someone was done using one of the phones, an actor pretended to accidentally drop some papers. Among people who found one of the coins, most helped pick up the papers; but among people using the phone where no coin had been planted, most did not. Researchers concluded that pleasant surprises make people more helpful, at least temporarily.
Which of the following, if found in a subsequent survey of the experimental subjects, what most help confirm the researchers’ hypothesis?
A The average everyday level of happiness that the helpers reported was higher than that which the non-helpers reported.
B Among the subject using the phones where no coin had been planted, many reported pleasant surprises in their telephone conversations.
C The coin finders who helped pick up the papers reported much greater satisfaction at finding the coin than did the other coin finders.
D Among the subjects using the phones where a coin had been planted, most found the coin.
E Among the subjects who did not find a coin, most reported that they were indifferent about finding one.
题型：增强
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
背景: In an experiment, researchers planted a coin beside half the public telephones in a building. Whenever someone was done using one of the phones, an actor pretended to accidentally drop some papers.
发现: Among people who found one of the coins, most helped pick up the papers; but among people using the phone where no coin had been planted, most did not.
Conclusion
结论:Researchers concluded that pleasant surprises make people more helpful, at least temporarily.
————————————————————————
OA
C The coin finders who helped pick up the papers reported much greater satisfaction at finding the coin than did the other coin finders.
当时为什么没选,排除OA的原因是?
Passage: among people who found one of the coins, most helped pick up the papers;
among people using the phone where no coin had been planted, most did not.
得出的结论是 pleasant surprises make people more helpful
GAP: found one of the coins = pleasant surprises ->make people more helpful
比较的两组人是发现coin和没有plant coin(没有发现coin)
但是这个选项是比较发现coin帮助别人的实验对象和发现coin但没有帮助别人的实验对象啊
只能推出帮助人 ->greater satisfaction
但是我们要支持的结论是 pleasant surprises ->帮助人
反了
错因:尼玛好恶心这道题,能不能讲人话
上述推论×
不是帮助人 ->greater satisfaction
发现coin并帮助别人的实验对象比发现coin但没有帮助别人的实验对象在finding the coin的时候更快乐满足
为什么都发现coin你去帮了别人呢,因为你发现coin的时候比他们不帮忙的更快乐, 快乐满足就是他们帮助别人的原因
more pleasant -- more willing to help
支持结论pleasant surprises ->帮助人
OE
A The average everyday level of happiness that the helpers reported was higher than that which the non-helpers reported.
Why OE is tempting
1. OA对的太隐晦
2. helpers比non-helpers更快乐 所以可以推出greater satisfaction ->帮助人
错因
everyday level of happiness ≠ pleasant surprises
md没有expert解析不想做200了,错都不确定为什么
搁置此题先
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-16 15:51
,
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-17 18:17
Which of the following most logically completes the passage below?
Mayor: Commuters working in Ornville must cross either North Bridge or South Bridge. During impending repair work at the North Bridge toll plaza, North Bridge will remain open to traffic, but the usual 25 cent toll will not be collected. So as not to lose toll revenue overall, the city plans to temporarily raise the toll on South Bridge by 20 cents.
The plan is likely to accomplish its objective, since more commuters currently use South Bridge, and ______.
(A) the current toll for South Bridge is 20 cents
(B) substantial amounts of toll revenue collected at South Bridge will go toward paying for the North Bridge toll plaza
(C) very few commuters could switch from one bridge to the other without serious inconvenience to themselves
(D) the rates for commuters’ monthly bridge toll passes will not increase
(E) at both bridges, tolls are currently collected not only on vehicles entering Ornville but also on vehicles leaving Ornville
题型：增强
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
背景
Commuters working in Ornville must cross either North Bridge or South Bridge.
NB修路 During impending repair work at the North Bridge toll plaza, North Bridge will remain open to traffic, but the usual 25 cent toll will not be collected.
Plan
to temporarily raise the toll on South Bridge by 20 cents
Goal
to not lose overall toll revenue
Our task
Support The plan is likely to accomplish its objective, use reason other than more commuters currently use South Bridge
————————————————————————
OA
very few commuters could switch from one bridge to the other without serious inconvenience to themselves
为什么doubt
“During impending repair work at the North Bridge toll plaza, North Bridge will remain open to traffic”
当时理解成那些北桥的不会换到南桥，南桥通行的人数就不会增多
思路错因：我不需要南桥通行的人数增多，我要的是总toss收入不变【北桥收入减了 南桥收入增多】
toss收入=通行人数 * 每人付的toss
Given that：
1. 要把南桥每人付的toss提高20cents去compensate 北桥loss of 25 cent per toll
2. 目前用南桥的人更多
->为了增强总toss收入增多 —— 现在用南桥的commuters不会因为南桥涨了20北桥一分不收而跑到北桥去 —— OA ✔
至于我一开始想的北桥那群人是否换到南桥
换：最好，可以support our goal，钱多速来
不换：不影响，反正我本来南桥的人数比较多（最多是人数没多到只多收20cent去cover北桥每人净loss25，但是没有相关选项，题目不是这个思路，不用管先），而且涨价了，北桥的通勤者不换到南桥并不会削弱这个plan达到goal
OE
the rates for commuters’ monthly bridge toll passes will not increase
啥叫the rates for commuters’ monthly bridge toll passes
意思是过南桥+北桥的总人数不会增加吗
rates 在这里是价格的意思：an amount or level of payment:
We agreed a rate with the painter before he started work.
月票价格不会上升
目标是to not lose overall toll revenue（i.e. to compensate the loss of North Bridge toss)
plan是to temporarily raise the toll on South Bridge by 20 cent
D方向反了，题目说的提高20 cents指的是单次价格，
如果月卡价格不变，但单次涨价，大家都跑去买月卡了，plan达不到想要的goal
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-17 20:57
Industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) impede cloud formation, lowering temperatures in regions with high SO2 emissions. Computer modeling suggests that beginning about 1950, the climate of North America and Europe cooled because of SO2 emissions there, and that this cooling in turn caused the tropical rain belt to move southward, away from Africa’s Sahel region. Therefore, industrial emissions in Europe and North America were probably a major cause of the severe Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the position argued in the passage?
(A) During the 1970s and 1980s, industrial SO2 emissions increased rapidly in East Asia.
(B) The effects of the Sahel drought on the local food supply were exacerbated by overgrazing of pasture that could recover less quickly in the arid conditions.
(C) The Sahel region is subject to a natural cycle of droughts, with which the severe Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s coincided.
(D) Since 1950, many of the industrial emissions in North America and Europe have been of substances other than SO2 that tend to cause temperatures to increase.
(E) Rainfall in the Sahel increased following a decline in North American SO2 emissions that began in the late 1980s.
题型：support
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
Industrial emissions of SO2 impede cloud formation, lowering temperatures in regions with high SO2 emissions.
beginning about 1950
1. the climate of North America and Europe cooled because of SO2 emissions there,
2. that this cooling in turn caused the tropical rain belt to move southward, away from Africa’s Sahel region.
Conclusion
industrial emissions in Europe and North America were probably a major cause of the severe Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.
链条
P: NA&EU SO2 -> cooled ->rain belt 南移,远离Sahel
C: NA&EU SO2 -> droughts
————————————————————————
OA
Rainfall in the Sahel increased following a decline in North American SO2 emissions that began in the late 1980s.
当时为什么没选
没看懂...很简单的句子，背下来
因果关系 —— 加强：无因无果
NA&EU SO2 下降 —> Rainful in S 上升
NA&EU SO2 —> Rainful in S
OE
During the 1970s and 1980s, industrial SO2 emissions increased rapidly in East Asia.
Why OE is tempting - 错因/难点
SO2确实上升了 ，可以加强呀，不是在1970s-1980 Sahel 干旱吗，现在告诉你在同样时间段，SO2排放确实急速上升 —— 加强因
错因
Our conclusion：industrial emissions in Europe and North America were probably a major cause of the severe Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.
OE: During the 1970s and 1980s, industrial SO2 emissions increased rapidly in East Asia.
Takeaway：注意到讨论对象换了！DONT 脑补，READ VERY VERY VERY LITERALLY!
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-18 05:49
Research shows that over half of all morning political talk shows on the major television networks do not include any women broadcasters, and in terms of total guest appearances on these shows, women represent just 14% of the guests. Why does this research matter? These shows are a critical forum for our nation's political debates. They have an agenda-setting effect, in that they tend to influence priorities of citizens across the country. The relative lack of women on these shows results in women's issues being a lower political priority for most citizens.
The argument above relies on which of the following assumptions?
A Most of the nation's citizens watch morning news talk shows.
B Morning news talk shows exhibits greater agenda disparities than other news programs.
C Women's issues will not be a political priority for people who do not see them discussed on news talk shows.
D News talk shows are the primary mechanism that shapes the nation's political debates.
E Hosts and guests of news talk shows are more likely to raise issues that are pertinent specifically to their own gender.
题型：Assumption
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
Fact 1： 女hosts&guests少
Fact 2：这些 shows很重要 for our nation's political debates, tend to influence priorities of citizens across the country.
结论：women's issues being a lower political priority for most citizens.
————————————————————————
OA
Hosts and guests of news talk shows are more likely to raise issues that are pertinent specifically to their own gender.
当时为什么没选
没有在有限时间内get到意思
Why OA ✔
逻辑链：
negate OA: Hosts and guests of news talk shows are NO more likely to raise issues that are pertinent specifically to their own gender.
-> 这些hosts（>50%的TVshows不包含任何female host）&guests（仅有14%）的女性 does not neccessarily mean that 对 women issues 讨论下降 -> 不能推出women's issues being a lower political priority for most citizens
如果这些人的性别和他们所讨论的话题无关，推不出女少->女性话题优先级减少
想象一下，一个女主持or女嘉宾都没有，但今天的主题是女性权益；不要脑补！题干没有给的信息除了一些很basic的common sense比如一天24小时，严格按照题意走，read very literally
结论collapse，ITS OUR OA!
OE
A. Most of the nation's citizens watch morning news talk shows. Given fact (fact 2), not assumption
C. Women's issues will not be a political priority for people who do not see them discussed on news talk shows.
Fact 1： 女hosts&guests少
Fact 2：这些 shows很重要 for our nation's political debates, tend to influence priorities of citizens across the country.
结论：women's issues being a lower political priority for most citizens.
Women's issues will not be a political priority for people who do not see them discussed on news talk shows.
C选项：没看到news talk shows讨论 -> not be my political priority
题干中并没有说Women's issues will not be discussed on news talk shows
什么是assumption
1. 是conclusion存在的基础，如果assumption❌，then结论必❌；
2. 是fact和conclusion之间的桥梁
小7长得帅，所以小7可以上700
assumption是桥梁，长得帅的都能上700
如果negate，长得帅不一定能上700，then our conclusion collapse
该选项中间还缺少了一个环节，题干中只是说女性少了≠讨论女性相关的话题减少
女性少了＝讨论女性相关的话题减少 = Women's issues will not be a political priority for people
D News talk shows are the primary mechanism that shapes the nation's political debates.
negate D: News talk shows are NOT the primary mechanism that shapes the nation's political debates.
❌ given fact已经说了很重要，“These shows are a critical forum for our nation's political debates.”
就算不是primary, but they are at least critical enough to influence priorities of citizens across the country
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-18 07:31
当时蒙对 订正2nd遍错
Palm oil plantations in the Republic of Yaveria have produced more palm oil this year than they can sell. Some plantation managers plan to process their surplus oil into fuel for diesel engines used on their plantations. However, this is unlikely to be a cost-effective use for the surplus, since processing palm oil into a gallon of diesel fuel costs more than the average retail price for a gallon of ordinary diesel fuel in Yaveria.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest defense of the plantation managers' plan against the criticism?
(A) The average annual fuel cost in Yaveria of running a diesel engine is far lower than the corresponding cost for a gasoline engine.
(B) Due to declining international demand for palm oil, the price that unprocessed palm oil can bring on the export market is expected to fall drastically over the next few years.
(C) Processed palm oil can be mixed with ordinary diesel fuel for use in diesel engines.
(D) Most plantations are in remote areas where the cost of bringing in supplies is much higher than in the rest of the country.
(E) On most plantations, diesel engines are used not only in trucks but also in generators that supply electricity to the plantations.
题型：support
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Background info
Palm oil plantations in the Republic of Yaveria 今年产量过剩
Plan
to process their surplus oil into fuel for diesel engines used on their plantations.
Goal
to cost-effectively use the surplus
Our task
在不反驳processing palm oil into a gallon of diesel fuel costs more than the average retail price for a gallon of ordinary diesel fuel in Yaveria的前提下，support that the plan will acheive its goal
Personalize一下：产量过剩，为了解决这些surplus，做成柴油发动机的燃料
反驳：将这些palm oil做成燃料的cost > 一般柴油的价格
Choice Analysis
————————————————————————
OE
Processed palm oil can be mixed with ordinary diesel fuel for use in diesel engines.
为什么选OE
反正我产量surplus了啊，用买的燃料也是用，用surplus的palm oil做成的燃料也是用，为啥不用后者
当时脑子里是以下题目思路：
Sodium sulfate has long been used in powdered laundry detergents, and has also been used in concentrated liquid detergents in lesser amounts. As concentrated liquid detergents become increasingly popular, detergent manufacturers have been buying less sodium sulfate. Yet within the last year sodium sulfate producers have been surprised by an increase in demand from detergent manufacturers, given that sales of powdered laundry detergent remained unchanged.
Fact 1: SS一直被用在洗衣粉里 as a filler to add bulk，也被用在洗衣液里，洗衣液里用SS的量更少；洗衣液变得更受欢迎，detergent生产商（生产both 洗衣液和洗衣粉）买S买的更少了
Fact 2：去年detergent生产商买SS买的更多了，且洗衣粉销量不变
Task: explain the discrepancy between those 2 facts
OA：Detergent manufacturers have discovered that increasing the amount of sodium sulfate in concentrated liquid detergents makes it possible to omit certain more expensive ingredients.
人话version：detergent的生产商发现在洗衣液里加SS可以替代掉更贵的成分，yeah that makes sense now
与这道题的区别：
- 上题是用SS（更便宜）替代更贵的成分，✔碳基生物会做出的rational decision
- but 在本题中：自己把palm oil转化成燃料是更贵的啊！用更贵的代替更便宜的成分 ❌
OE不能达到 support our plan 会达到 desired effect：to cost-effectively use the surplus
Another tempting OA
Due to declining international demand for palm oil, the price that unprocessed palm oil can bring on the export market is expected to fall drastically over the next few years.
Why is tempting
长难句，句意理解错误
Due to declining international demand for palm oil, the price 【that unprocessed palm oilcan bring on the export market】 is expected to fall drastically over the next few years
我的思路：如果不把这些surplus做成燃料，supply过剩会更进一步导致已经price of unprocessed palm oil上升
这是脑补，题干和选项的信息都不足以推出以上结论
题干告诉你产量surplus，把这些surplus做成柴油发动机的燃料；虽然发动机燃料买更便宜
选项说的是需求减少，预估未来palm oil几年价格降低
Our task is to support the plan 【to process their surplus oil into fuel for diesel engines used on their plantations】will acheive the goal 【to use the surplus in a cost-effective way】
未来palm oil价格降低≠要把这些surplus用来做亏本生意吧(palm oil做成燃料的cost > 一般柴油的价格)
It is not a cost-effective way, NOT EVEN CLOSE
OA
Most plantations are in remote areas where the cost of bringing in supplies is much higher than in the rest of the country.
解析
看到比较靠谱的解释是
- 许多工厂都在很偏远的地方所以就算fuel价格不高但是运输费很高 所以这个计划还是有效的
- 大部分种植园都在很偏远的地方，供应成本比其他地区高。指出直接购买柴油额外的缺点
疑问： 怎么从the cost of bringing in supplies得出讲的是ordinary diesel fuel的运输费的啊
A: D选项说的是因为plantations都在比较偏远的地方，这些remote area bring in supplies的cost更高，指的any supplies，水啊电啊，fuel包括在内
given将这些palm oil做成燃料的cost > 一般柴油的价格，
这个OA指出了虽然retail price确实便宜，
但是除了retail price，有additional costs，then justify the plan【这些palm oil做成燃料】instead of【直接购买柴油】
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-10-18 11:34
Yawning is most often a social animal’s way of signaling to the pack that it needs quiet in order to sleep. Without yawning to synchronize sleep patterns in a group of individuals, one or more of them would keep the others awake. Animals that do not sleep do not survive.
Which of the following, if true, would most significantly strengthen the position developed above?
A Before-sleeping yawning occurs more often than after-sleep yawning, and the difference in the frequency of yawning is much greater when an animal is in a group than it's alone.
B The tendency of an animal to associate with a pack, rather than go about alone, is likely to be genetically determined.
C Animals that spend a large percentage of their day sleeping do not yawning any more during each period just before sleep than do animals that spend a small percentage of their day sleeping.
D Even if a trait has survival value for some animals that roam in packs, it needs to be present in all species of animals that roam in packs.
E Yawning is common behavior in beers, which do not live in packs.
题型：增强
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
本题难点：因为看不懂单词 yawning, pack，导致没理解文章意思，所以没找到conclusion
所有说不看懂的也能做对的蠢 β机构能不能死个?先 误导你爹是真该死啊÷
Premise
Without yawning to synchronize sleep patterns in a group of individuals, one or more of them would keep the others awake.
Animals that do not sleep do not survive.
Conclusion
Yawning is most often a social animal’s way of signaling to the pack that it needs quiet in order to sleep.
人话version：
打哈欠是群居动物对社群展示哥们要睡觉，肃静的标志
因为如果没有打哈欠去使得大伙睡眠同步的话，就会有的清醒有人睡觉，不睡觉的会死？
理解错：one or more of them would keep the others awake ≠ 有的清醒有人睡觉
＝那些不睡觉的会其他被清醒的搞得也睡不了
而不睡觉会死的
————————————————————————
OA
Before-sleeping yawning occurs more often than after-sleep yawning, and the difference in the frequency of yawning is much greater when an animal is in a group than it's alone.
当时为什么没选
没看懂
Conclusion: Yawning is most often a social animal’s way of signaling to the pack that it needs quiet in order to sleep.
人话version：
Before-sleeping yawning occurs more often than after-sleep yawning ->Yawning is a signal of needing to sleep
the difference in the frequency of yawning is much greater when an animal is in a group than it's alone. -> 对应signaling to the pack
天选OA，加的不能更强辣
OE
B. The tendency of an animal to associate with a pack, rather than go about alone, is likely to be genetically determined.
The tendency of an animal to associate 结交，结伙 with a pack, rather than go about alone, is likely to be genetically determined.
要加强哈欠是向社群各位说爷要睡觉求不吵的signal，至于群居的tendency从而而来，是基因决定还是后天，跟我无关
C Animals that spend a large percentage of their day sleeping do not yawning any more during each period just before sleep than do animals that spend a small percentage of their day sleeping.
- Animals 【that spend a large percentage of their day sleeping】do not yawning any more during each period just before sleep than do animals 【that spend a small percentage of their day sleeping (during each period just before sleep)】
- Compared with animals 【that spend a small percentage of their day sleeping】, animals 【that spend a large percentage of their day sleeping】do not yawning any more during each period just before sleep.
花每天大部分时间睡觉的动物比更少时间睡觉的动物更不容易在睡前各个时间段打哈欠，i.e.睡得多->少打哈欠
我们要加强的conclusion是Yawning is most often a social animal’s way of signaling to the pack that it needs quiet in order to sleep. 哈欠是向社群各位说爷要睡觉求不吵的signal
C选项确实加强了打哈欠和需要睡觉的联系，但没有加强打哈欠是向整个社群表睡觉需求需要安静然后yawning to synchronize sleep patterns in a group of individuals的一个功能
cannot support ❌
D Even if a trait has survival value for some animals that roam in packs, it needs to be present in all species of animals that roam in packs.
时刻记住our task是加强哈欠是向社群各位说爷要睡觉求不吵的signal，加强不了结论的都给爷爬爬爬
E Yawning is common behavior in beers, which do not live in packs.
什么beers，本来就没看懂题，还来个错别字，更看不懂了，bears 方向反 ❌
作者: RAISSA700 时间: 2022-10-18 16:15
顶楼主！
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-11-1 20:35
57. Overused phrases, known as clichés, are rightly criticized because their original distinctive meanings have been so watered down by overuse and misuse that they have lost their precision. Thus, politicians running for office would be more successful at communicating their policies and therefore would be more successful in their efforts to get elected, if they did not use clichés in their speeches.
Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the argument’s reasoning?
(A) Voters generally choose candidates more on the basis of the candidates’ parties’ policies than on the candidates’ own policies. ❌ 题干的【more successful at communicating their policies】也没说到底是 the candidates’ own policies or the candidates’ parties’ policies
(B) It frequently aids candidates’ efforts to get elected if the candidates do not clearly communicate what their policies are. 感觉理解错的，不符合常识
(C) In the course of a political campaign a candidate will often have to give the same speech, or essentially the same speech, many time to many different audiences.
(D) Most voters choose which candidate to vote for largely on the voter’s understanding of the candidate’s policies. 我选的
(E) Contrary to the widespread cynicism toward politicians, most candidates are not interested simply in getting elected, but want to get elected on the basis of the policies that they favor. 我们的task是削弱结论【不用cliches，more successful in their efforts to get elected，你candidates更关注什么无所谓】
题型：削弱
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
Overused phrases, known as clichés, are rightly criticized because their original distinctive meanings have been so watered down by overuse and misuse that they have lost their precision.
Conclusion
Thus, politicians running for office would be more successful at communicating their policies and therefore would be more successful in their efforts to get elected, if they did not use clichés in their speeches.
————————————————————————
OA
It frequently aids candidates’ efforts to get elected if the candidates do not clearly communicate what their policies are
当时为什么没选
没看懂，因为不符合常识
Why OA
常识算个der啊，说了if true，选项说It frequently aids candidates’ efforts to get elected if the candidates do not clearly communicate what their policies are
那么如果候选人讲不清楚他们的policies到底是啥就是一定可以aids candidates’ efforts to get elected！
根据逻辑链
Premise: 用clichés -> their original distinctive meanings lost their precision.
Conclusion: 拒绝cliches -> politicians would be more successful at communicating their policies (their original distinctive meanings WILL NOT lost their precision) and therefore would be more successful in their efforts to get elected.
Brief version:
cliches -> lose precision
不用cliches -> WILL NOT lost their precision -> more successful at communicating their policies -> more successful in their efforts to get elected.
削弱：
谁跟你说 more successful at communicating their policies -> more successful in their efforts to get elected，作者的结论based on the assumption that more precisely communicate policies, more successful
该OA说：你的assumption是错滴，negate your assumption，your conclusion is 寄 then
OE
Most voters choose which candidate to vote for largely on the voter’s understanding of the candidate’s policies.
Why OE is tempting
我错误的将cliche脑补成更详细的阐述candidate’s policies，no, 选项并没有这么说，题干也没有
题干说的是用clichés -> their original distinctive meanings lost their precision ≠ enhance voters understanding 反而是impede understanding了，
我们的任务是削弱结论【if dont use cliche -> more successful】方向反了；
OE方向是增强了，more cliche use，less successful; less cliche use, more successful，和结论的方向是一致的，不能削弱
————————————————————————
Takeaway
1. DONT 脑补！
2. 增强削弱选项都是given 一定对的，不要怀疑选项的正确错误，or是否符合常识，他说的一定是对的，our task is to determine whether 这个given true的选项能否削弱这个结论
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-11-1 23:14
A preliminary announcement from the government of the Republic of Bilong indicated that the country's year-to-date 迄今为止 trade deficit dropped again last month. In fact, according to a government spokesperson, last month was the third month in a row that Bilong's exports were substantially greater in value than its imports. The government has not yet released any actual figures, but clearly the trend reported indicates that government efforts to promote Bilong's export trade are finally bearing fruit.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) There has not been a sharp contraction in the total value of goods imported into Bilong in recent months.
(B) There has been no lessening in recent months in the government's efforts to promote exports.
(C) The government's efforts to promote export trade did not lead Bilong's exporters to reduce prices in order to achieve a higher volume of exports.
(D) Bilong's government is able to discern broad trends in foreign trade long before actual figures are available.
(E) There has been no significant shift in Bilong's exports from one category of exported goods to another in recent months.
题型：assumption
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
deficit dropped again last month.
连续仨月 Bilong's exports were substantially greater in value than its imports.
The government has not yet released any actual figures
Conclusion
but clearly the trend reported indicates that government efforts to promote Bilong's export trade are finally bearing fruit.
————————————————————————
OA
There has not been a sharp contraction in the total value of goods imported into Bilong in recent months.
当时为什么没选
因为题干已经给了value of export > value of import
import 不管是否下降都是小于export的
no more new info added
错因：
1. 没读懂
2. 这是assumption题，不是加强削弱，不需要new info
contraction：紧缩 下降
Why OA
逻辑链：连续三月value of export > value of import，推出 government efforts to promote Bilong's export trade 有效
i.e. 推出value of export上升
假设：不是export不变或下降，而是import下降or下降更多导致的value of export > value of import
OA取非 the total value of goods imported into B contracted sharply
如果进口商品价值大幅缩水，则出口价值比进口价值高的原因就不是因为出口本身被提高，而是由于进口价值下降。无法推出结论
OE
The government's efforts to promote export trade did not lead Bilong's exporters to reduce prices in order to achieve a higher volume of exports.
解析
1. 结论是“government efforts to promote Bilong's export trade are finally bearing fruit.”没有说到底promote export trade指的是achieve a higher volume of exports还是higher price；取非无法削弱。也不知道reduce price和higher volume的关系是什么，有可能薄利多销total value还是大于之前的，还是能得出结论government efforts DOES work
2. 题干中已经说了“last month was the third month in a row that Bilong's exports were substantially greater in value than its imports”
不管是否lead Bilong's exporters to reduce prices in order to achieve a higher volume of exports. greater value in export than in import已经是既定事实
取非无法削弱结论
————————————————————————
Takeaway
谁跟我说不看懂也能做对我创④谁 ：）
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-11-2 10:49
A magazine invited readers to perform an experiment: have one friend sit blindfolded while another, seated behind the blindfolded person, peels a sticker off the magazine and then look either at or away from the blindfolded person on the basis of the instructions under the sticker. According to the responses received by the magazine, the blindfolded people, in a proportion greater than chance, correctly judge whether the person behind them was staring at them.
In order to evaluate the results of the experiment, which of the following would it be most important to establish?
A Whether the blindfolded person was generally told after the experiment was finished whether his or her answer had been correct?
B Whether the magazine published a time limit within which the experiment was to be conducted?
C Whether the peeling off of the sticker would have been audible to the blindfolded person?
D Whether the readers of the magazine sometimes fail to report results indicating an incorrect judgment by the blindfolded person?
E Whether inviting readers to take part in the experiment was intended to foster reader loyalty?
题型：evaluate
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
A magazine invited readers to perform an experiment: have one friend sit blindfolded while another, seated behind the blindfolded person, peels a sticker off the magazine and then look either at or away from the blindfolded person on the basis of the instructions under the sticker.
Conclusion
According to the responses received by the magazine, the blindfolded people, in a proportion greater than chance, correctly judge whether the person behind them was staring at them.
————————————————————————
OA
Whether the readers of the magazine sometimes fail to report results indicating an incorrect judgment by the blindfolded person?
当时为什么没选
没看懂题干，根据撕下来的sticker，sticker下藏的指示判断是否看前面的人
Why OA
回答yes, the readers of the magazine sometimes fail to report results indicating an incorrect judgment by the blindfolded person
这些错误判断的并不是真的少很多，而是因为fail to report 错误判断
所以结论 the blindfolded people, in a proportion greater than chance, correctly judge whether the person behind them was staring at them被削弱，并不是因为前排蒙眼人correctly judge后面的人是否在看，而是因为错的没报道，报道的大部分都是正确判断就不能推断出是因为他们真的正确判断了
回答no，the readers of the magazine sometimes DOES NOT fail to report results indicating an incorrect judgment by the blindfolded person
说明According to the responses received by the magazine得出的结论【the blindfolded people, in a proportion greater than chance, correctly judge whether the person behind them was staring at them】是可靠的，真的是因为correctly judge导致的 a proportion greater than chance 判断出whether the person behind them was staring at them，不是因为错的不报导致看起来正确判断的更多
OE
Whether the peeling off of the sticker would have been audible to the blindfolded person
Why OE is tempting - 错因/难点
以为说的是只有introduction是看才要撕下sticker，那这样这些蒙眼人是因为听到这个撕sticker动作才做出的正确判断
没看懂就容易选错，还是得练哦
解析
题干说的是根据sticker下面的introduction来做出相应动作，不管是哪一种动作（看or不看）
都要撕下sticker，所以是否能听到撕下sticker，都不影响结论；听到也不知道答案
(现在想一下，就算是我理解的那样，回答yes/no不同的答案并不会对conclusion造成影响
因为conclusion并没有特指是第六感导致蒙眼人做出的判断，conclusion只是说the blindfolded people, in a proportion greater than chance, correctly judge whether the person behind them was staring at them；蒙眼人做出了正确判断，因为听到不同的声音做出的正确判断削弱不了该结论）
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-11-7 03:48
The downtown shopping mall in Metroville is struggling to attract shoppers, and many of its retail spaces are now vacant. In order to attract enough new retailers to generate the revenue necessary to prevent the mall from closing, the mall owners plan to add free amenities such as a dog run and an ice rink to entice shoppers into the mall.
Which of the following would, if true, most strongly support the claim that the mall owners' plan, once implemented, would fail to achieve its goal?
(B) Monthly operating costs for the proposed new amenities would exceed the total monthly revenue that the mall owners could gain from contracts for use of the vacant retail spaces.
(D) New retailers will not rent the vacant retail spaces at the mall unless more visitors start frequenting the mall.
(E) Currently, Metroville residents who visit the nearest dog runs and ice rinks usually do not go shopping during the same outing.
题型：削弱
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
背景
The downtown shopping mall in Metroville is struggling to attract shoppers, and many of its retail spaces are now vacant.
Goal
In order to attract enough new retailers to generate the revenue 【necessary to prevent the mall from closing】
Plan
the mall owners plan to add free amenities such as a dog run and an ice rink to entice shoppers into the mall.
Our task
support the claim that the mall owners' plan, once implemented, would fail to achieve its goal
————————————————————————
OA
Currently, Metroville residents who visit the nearest dog runs and ice rinks usually do not go shopping during the same outing.
当时为什么没选
不记得
Why OA
切断 add free amenities 和 to generate the revenue 的联系
切断 plan 和 goal之间的联系 -> plan will not acheive its goal
OE B
Monthly operating costs for the proposed new amenities would exceed the total monthly revenue that the mall owners could gain from contracts for use of the vacant retail spaces.
Why OE is tempting - 错因/难点
我们的goal是 to attract enough new retailers to generate the revenue necessary to prevent the mall from closing NOT profit
OE D
New retailers will not rent the vacant retail spaces at the mall unless more visitors start frequenting the mall.
没有提到我们的plan，我们的task是要削弱plan到达goal的可行性，i.e. 切断联系
提都没提our plan，无法削弱
————————————————————————
Takeaway
注意偷换概念between revenue & profit
作者: T7willG700 时间: 2022-11-7 04:21
Biologist: if reports of people's observations along the newly constructed highway are to be believed, many large herbivores such as deer and moose are grazing there. The reported numbers are about equal to our overall population estimates of the past three years, and if there are that many near the road, the animals must be even more abundant in more distant reaches of the forest. So concerns that local populations of these animals are threatened by the construction of the new highway are clearly misplaced.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the biologist's reasoning?
A Animals that prey on large herbivores tend not to venture anywhere near roads and cars.
B Road construction in an area reduces the availability of plants in that area to large herbivores.
C The distant reaches of the forest cover much more area than does the part of the forest visible from the new highway.
D Vacationers accustomed to encountering large herbivores make up most of the traffic on the new highway.
E The new highway was built over approximately three years.
坑爹的sb题目
题型：削弱
————————————————————————
逻辑链
————————————————————————
Premise
if reports of people's observations along the newly constructed highway are to be believed, many large herbivores such as deer and moose are grazing there. The reported numbers are about equal to our overall population estimates of the past three years, and if there are that many near the road, the animals must be even more abundant in more distant reaches of the forest.
Conclusion
So concerns that local populations of these animals are threatened by the construction of the new highway are clearly misplaced.
根据OA反推出的逻辑链应该是这样的
Premise
if reports of people's observations along the newly constructed highway are to be believed, many large herbivores such as deer and moose are grazing there.
The reported numbers are about equal to our overall population estimates of the past three years,
Conclusion
and if there are that many near the road, the animals must be even more abundant in more distant reaches of the forest.
So concerns that local populations of these animals are threatened by the construction of the new highway are clearly misplaced.
纯纯恶心人啊 and不是表//?
and前面是fact：The reported numbers are about equal to our overall population estimates of the past three years
and后面是conclusion：nm
————————————————————————
OA
Animals that prey on large herbivores tend not to venture anywhere near roads and cars.
当时为什么没选
我以为and if there are that many near the road, the animals must be even more abundant in more distant reaches of the forest. 我以为是given fact
无法削弱，已经说了森林远处多啊
什么sb啊我要不考LSAT去吧
Why OA
捕食者不在公路附近 所以公路附近的鹿多 但不代表远处的鹿更丰富（很有可能更少 因为有食肉动物的存在， 食肉动物不愿意靠近公路） 路边看到的就是他的总数 所以说他的数量变多了是不对的
食肉动物都在森林深处，深处动物数量并不一定更多
所以根据the number of large herbivores such as deer and moose grazing along the newly constructed highway equal to our overall population estimates of the past three years
推测出结论 local populations of these animals are NOT threatened by the construction of the new highway是不对的，是推不出来的
可能如果没有construction of the new highway，populations of these animals会更多
现在是因为predators都被赶向森林深处了，这些食草动物就都跑到路边了
比如如果没有建造new highway
路边：50 森林深处：50 总100
建造new highway后，食草动物为了躲避predators
路边：70 森林深处：10 总80
虽然路边的多了，但其实建造highway降低了local populations of these animals
真恶心，like what Ron said, 有些原题不是不放出来，they are just intrinsically bad
作者: YAriel 时间: 2023-2-13 12:59
感谢分享
作者: 巴啦乖 时间: 2023-2-21 15:05
同意！
作者: Rey1225 时间: 2023-10-28 11:45
Mark一下！
作者: joliajjj 时间: 2023-12-11 18:43
感谢分享！
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