揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队第149天 restorationist - ChaseDream

The nub of the restorationist critique of environmental preservationism is the claim that it rests on an unhealthy dualism that conceives nature and humankind as radically distinct and opposed to each other. The crucial question about the restorationist outlook has to do with the degree to which the restorationist program is itself faithful to its first principle: that nature and humanity are fundamentally united rather than separate.

Rejecting the old domination model, which sees humans as over nature, restoration theory champions a model of community participation. Yet, some of the descriptions of what restorationists are actually up to—for example, Turner’s description of humans as “the lords of creation,” or Jordan’s statement that “the fate and well being of the biosphere depend ultimately on us and our relationship with it”—do not cohere well with the community participation model. Another holistic model—namely, that of nature as an organism—might be more serviceable to the restorationists. As with the community model, the “organic” model pictures nature as a system of interconnected parts. A fundamental difference, however, is that in an organism the parts are wholly subservient to the life of the organism.

1. Which of the following best expresses the author’s primary criticism of the restorationists?
(A) They fail to recognize any limits as to the scope of legitimate human manipulation of nature.
(B) They assign to humans a controlling role in the world.
(C) They reject the most workable model for the relationship between humans and nature.
(D) Their critique of preservationism is not well supported.
(E) Their program does not coincide with their principles.

2. By asserting that the organic model “might be more serviceable to the restorationists” (Highlighted), the author implies that
(A) the descriptions by Turner and Jordan of the restorationists’ program conform more closely to the organic model than to the community participation model.
(B) the organic model is more consistent than the community participation model with the principle of restoration.
(C) the organic model is more consistent with the restorationists’ agenda than with the preservationists’ program.
(D) holistic models are more useful than the dualist model to the restorationists.
(E) the organic model, unlike the community participation model, represents nature as a system of interconnected parts.

3. Which of the following best expresses the function of the first paragraph in relation to the second one?
(A) To establish the parameters of an ensuing debate
(B) To identify a problem with a school of thought, which is then explored in detail
(C) To discuss a secondary issue as a prelude to a more detailed examination of a primary issue
(D) To provide a historical backdrop for a discussion of a modern-day issue
(E) To introduce opposing viewpoints, which are then evaluated

-论点1：恢复注意批判环境保护主义将人类和自然对立——论点2：恢复主义核心是项目和原则的统一性（人类和自然一体）——论点3：恢复主义提倡社区参与——转折：但是一些恢复主义者倡导的理论和社区参与相反+举例：两个人的描述+论点5：有机模型更适合恢复主义+原因