[SC总结] 作状语的介词短语的放置

介词短语可以作为时间状语, 地点状语,...等等对对象进行修饰. 其位置的变换可能引起歧义. 现将其判断方法总结如下: (此总结适用与介词短语处在划线部分)

以下例子均取自OG

A. 介词短语放置的原则: 就近修饰---修饰谁跟着谁

110. It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year.

(A) the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year

(B) the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial output and tax revenues

(C) illiteracy costs the United States at least $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues

(D) $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy（C）

(E) lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of illiteracy

Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost.

既然修饰谁跟着谁, 那修饰主语的介词短语自然就跟着主语, 然后接下来便是谓语, 可这却犯了ETS的禁忌.

B. 介词短语放置的禁忌: 插在主语和谓语之间.

190. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli “mujtahids” in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

(A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and also

(C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

(D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and（E）

(E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

Furthermore, in A and B the in... reformism phrase has been awkwardly set between the subject and verb of the sentence.

C. 禁忌中的例外: 介词短语位于从句里面, 而整个从句修饰主语

32.   Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were constructed in violation of the city’s building code.

(A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were

(B) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake last year had been

(C) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have been

(D) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have been（B）

(E) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been

正确答案B中介词短语in the earthquake last year 就是封闭在that从句里, 修饰主语.

D. 若要修饰主语, 如何避免禁忌: 将介词短语提前.

上面的例子190就是将In the first period of religious reformism提到句首. 但只有修饰主语的介词短语可以这么做(其实是必须这么做). 修饰其他成分的介词短语被提前会改变原文意思. 上面32中的E, last year(虽然不是介词引导, 但也是状语)本来就近修饰earthquake, 但被提前后就变成修饰整个句子.

解题技巧: a. 修饰主语以外的介词结构修饰谁跟着谁, 不能隔开或随便移动位置.

          b. 修饰主语的介词结构应该提到句首, 不能插在主谓之间. 除非这个介词结构被封闭在从句或者同位语里面, 但绝对不能是单单的一个介词结构插在主谓之间.

谢谢紫草MM，好东东！

b. 修饰主语的介词结构应该提到句首, 不能插在主谓之间. 除非这个介词结构被封闭在从句或者同位语里面, 但绝对不能是单单的一个介词结构插在主谓之间.

这里是否将其理解为“修饰主句的介词结构”会更好？因为如果修饰主语，则根据就近原则可以放在主语后面，而如果作状语修饰主句则放在整句句首（包括从句）比较好。

请提意见！

"B. 介词短语放置的禁忌: 插在主语和谓语之间."

这一点一直没有注意到，谢谢MM提醒。赞~~

可是OG190里修饰的就是主语, 而且解释里也明确说是"主谓".

OG256 Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

(A) Three out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

(B) Out of every four, three automobile owners in the United States also owns a bicycle.

(C) Bicycles are owned by three out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States.

(D) In the United States, three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles.（A）

(E) Out of every four owners of automobiles in the United States, bicycles are also owned by three.
this kind of sentences can prove that 修饰主语的介词结构应该提到句首, 不能插在主谓之间is kind of wrong

感谢楼上提供反例. 不过我有个问题:

我认为整个句子省略了另一个owners. 句子还原可以写成:

Three (owners) out of every four automobile owners in the United States also own a bicycle.

如果是这样的话, three owners是主语, 而out of...修饰主语, in the U.S. 修饰的其实不是主语, 而修饰(主语的修饰语). 所以按照就近修饰的原则, 这样的句子没错.

请多指教.

有道理.谢谢