逻辑思路求证

Logic疑问：

Test 11-6

6.     F: We ought not to test the safety of new drugs on sentient animals, such as dogs and rabbits. Our benefit means their pain, and they are equal to us in the capacity to feel pain.

G: We must carry out such tests; (necessity) otherwise, we would irresponsibly sacrifice the human lives that could have been saved by the drugs.

Which of the following, if true, is the best objection that could be made from F’s point of view to counter G’s point?

(A) Even though it is not necessary for people to use cosmetics, cosmetics are also being tested on sentient animals.

(B) Medical science already has at its disposal a great number of drugs and other treatments for serious illnesses.

(C) It is not possible to obtain scientifically adequate results by testing drugs in the test tube, without making tests on living tissue.

(D) Some of the drugs to be tested would save human beings from great pain.（E）

(E) Many tests now performed on sentient animals can be performed equally well on fertilized chicken eggs that are at a very early stage of development.

我来自我解释一下，帮忙看看还存在什么logic误区

A, I think it is best to counter the view of G, because it mentioned about the necessary of the drug testing. G’s view is actually based on the the necessity of drug testing to save people’s life, while E mentioned nothing concerning about G’s point of view. E just help us to strengthen F’s view.Therefore, I chose A ,however, the ans is E.   55555

Test 18

6.     Which of the following best completes the passage below?

“Government” does not exist as an independent entity defining policy. Instead there exists a group of democratically elected pragmatists sensitive to the electorate, who establish policies that will result in their own reelection. Therefore, if public policy is hostile to, say, environmental concerns, it is not because of governmental perversity but because elected officials believe that______

(A) environmentalists would be extremely difficult to satisfy with any policy, however environmentally sound

(B) environmental concerns are being accommodated as well as public funds permit

(C) the public is overly anxious about environmental deterioration

(D) the majority of voters vote for certain politicians because of those politicians’ idiosyncratic positions on policy issues（E）

(E) the majority of voters do not strongly wish for a different policy

According to out of scope, we can choose from D/E. I choose D, while the ans is E. Is that because idiosyncratic has no clear referent in the passage? However, I cannot tell where in the passage can indicate the different policy. In addition, the reason I still prefer D is that D explicitly refer back in the passage about REELECTION.

Test 19-6

6.     Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the presence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future.

Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the prediction above?

(A) Prevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.

(B) Certain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nerve-growth inhibitors.

(C) Nerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their inability to regenerate themselves naturally.

(D) Researchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nerve-growth stimulants.（A）

(E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting nerve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.

B说明了nerve-growth stimulants 都具有和后来发明的antibodies一样的性质，还是没有用，不就间接的说明了这种新的antibodies不会有用吗？the correct ans given is A, I totally lost in its meaning, not mention use it as a couter-argument.

1. It is about understanding. First of all, what is G's point? If you choose A, you think G's point is "we do animal testing only because the test could result in drugs necessary to save livies." Then you can counter by saying sometimes the animal testing is not necessary. But this is not what G says. G wants to say that we have to use animal testing (necessary) on drugs because it saves lives. To counter the point, E points out that it is not necessary to do animal testing.

2. In passage completion questions, normally a principle or rule is given and you have to apply or follow the principle. The question says politician establishes policy for their reelection. Therefore, when the policy is hostil to something, ___. Follow the principle, you should know that the policy, which is hostile to something, is for the reelection of the politician who established the policy. In another word, the voters want the policy.

D only reiterates the principle. You should see that the question gives you a principle and then an example. So you should apply the principle instead of restating it.

3. When you see "similar", you should never assume that it is the same. When two drugs have similar ingredients, it does not mean anything in GMAT. They may or may not have the same effect. Only when you see "identical", you can assume that they are the same.

A indicates that the primary function of the inhibiting substance is something else. One example: A causes nail to snap. Therefore people should stop the intake of A. To counter the point, we say A has other primary function, such as help brain function.

对mindfree都不知道怎样才算是感激才好