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裁员那篇是这个么 Firms traditionally claim that they 公司传统地认为他们缩小规模(如裁 downsize (i.e., make permanent 减永久员工)是出于经济原因，通过 personnel cuts) for economic reasons, 辞退假设无必要的员工来尝试变得 Line laying off supposedly unnecessary staff 更有效率和竞争力。 (5) in an attempt to become more efficient and competitive. Organization theory 组织理论会把此推理作为”经济理性” would explain this reasoning as an 的例子，它假设这种理性是所有 example of the “economic rationality” 组织活动的基础。 that it assumes underlies all organi- (10) zational activities. There is evidence 有证据显示公司相信他们无论何时 that firms believe they are behaving 缩减，都是理性的行为；但是近期 rationally whenever they downsize; yet 的研究表明，缩减的实际经济效果 recent research has shown that the的 对公司反而是消极的。 actual economic effects of downsizing (15) are often negative for firms. Thus,
因此，组织理论不能恰当地解释缩 organization theory cannot adequately 减；非经济因素必须同时被考虑。 explain downsizing; non-economic factors must also be considered. One such factor is the evolution of 一种非经济因素便是缩减进化成 (20) downsizing into a powerful business 强大的商业神话：经理们单纯地 myth: managers simply believe that 相信缩减是有效的。 downsizing is efficacious. Moreover, 而且，今时今日，缩减受到商 downsizing nowadays is greeted 业新闻评论的赞美；舆论经常提 favorably by the business press; the 及缩减了的公司上升的股价(虽然 (25) press often refers to soaring stock 研究表明股票通常在缩减后暂时 prices of downsizing firms (even though 上升，然后长期跌落)。 research shows that stocks usually rise only briefly after downsizing and then suffer a prolonged decline). (30) Once viewed as a sign of desperation, 一度被视作绝望的符号，缩减在 downsizing is now viewed as a signal 今天成为公司认真对待全球市场 that firms are serious about competing 竞争的标志；那些信号被关键的 in the global marketplace; such signals 参与者－金融分析家，咨询师， are received positively by key actors— 股东－给公司提供关键组织财力 (35)
financial analysts, consultants, 的人接受为正面的东西。 shareholders—who supply firms with vital organizing resources. Thus, even 所以，即使如果缩减没有经济 if downsizers do not become economi- 效益，其神话色彩为其在商圈里 cally more efficient, downsizing’s mythic 增添声望，提高了其生存前景。 (40) properties give them added prestige in the business community, enhancing their survival prospects. 老新观点 逻辑简图： 1P: firm traditionally claims that downsize to efficient and competitive. Organization theory explains as ”economic rationality”… yet, recent research has shown negative. Thus cannot adequately explain…..non-economic factor… one factor is…. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q34: The primary purpose of the passage is to A. criticize firms for engaging in the practice of downsizing B. analyze the negative economic impact of downsizing on firms C. offer an alternative to a traditional explanation for the occurrence of downsizing yet
recent research has shown that the
actual economic effects of downsizing
are often negative for firms. Thus,
organization theory cannot adequately explain downsizing; non-economic
factors must also be considered. D. chronicle how perceptions of downsizing have changed over time E. provide evidence disputing the prevalence of downsizing -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q35: The passage suggests that downsizing’s mythic properties can be beneficial to a downsizing firm because these properties A. allow the firm to achieve significant operating efficiencies B. provide the firm with access to important organizing resources such signals
are received positively by key actors－financial analysts, consultants,
shareholders—who supply firms with
vital organizing resources. Thus, even
if downsizers do not become economically more efficient, downsizing’s mythic
properties give them added prestige
in the business community, enhancing
their survival prospects. C. encourage a long-term increase in the firm’s stock price D. make the firm less reliant on external figures such as financial analysts and consultants E. discourage the firm’s competitors from entering the global marketplace -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-7-Q36: The passage suggests which of the following about the claim that a firm will become more efficient and competitive by downsizing? A. Few firms actually believe this claim to be true.无 B. Fewer firms have been making this claim in recent years.无关 C. This claim contradicts the basic assumption of organization theory.反 D. This claim is called into question by certain recent research. Thus,
organization theory cannot adequately
explain downsizing;
non-economic
factors must also be considered. E. This claim is often treated with skepticism by the business press.反 Q2: According to the passage, the “key actors” (line 34) view a firm’s downsizing activities as an indication of the firm’s - troubled financial condition
- inability to develop effective long-term strategies
- inability to retain vital organizational resources
- desire to boost its stock price
- desire to become more competitive
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发表于 2009-6-10 14:01:00
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