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i don't think there is such an expression as "in order that". below is my summary about "so as to". hope it can help.
A. “So as to” could lead subject ambiguity:
67. Congress is debating a bill requiring certain employers provide workers with unpaid leave so as to care for sick or newborn children.
(A) provide workers with unpaid leave so as to
(B) to provide workers with unpaid leave so as to
(C) provide workers with unpaid leave in order that they
(D) to provide workers with unpaid leave so that they can（D）
(E) provide workers with unpaid leave and
Choices A, C, and E are ungrammatical because, in this context, requiring... employers must be followed by an infinitive. These options display additional faults: in A, so as to fails to specify that the workers receiving the leave will be the people caring for the infants and children; in order that they, as used in C, is imprecise and unidiomatic; and E says that the bill being debated would require the employers themselves to care for the children. Choice B offers the correct infinitive, to provide, but contains the faulty so as to. Choice D is best.
14. Unlike a hurricane, which can be observed from within, a tornado is so small that such a study has not been practical.
(A) that such a study has not been practical
(B) that studying it that way has not been impractical
(C) for such studies as this to have been impractical
(D) as to not make such a study practical
(E) as to be impractical of study
A
B. Appropriate verb form: 时态和语态
“so that” can have various tense, but not “so as to”
“So as to” – present tense:
88. The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculpture portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an “artificial face.”
(A) so unrealistic as to constitute
(B) so unrealistic they constituted
(C) so unrealistic that they have constituted
(D) unrealistic enough so that they constitute（A）
(E) unrealistic enough so as to constitute
The verbs are and calls indicate that the sculpture is being viewed and judged in the present. Thus, neither the past tense verb constituted (in B) nor the present perfect verb have constituted (in C) is correct; both suggest that the statue’s features once constituted an artificial face but no longer do so. Also, B would be better if that were inserted after so unrealistic, although the omission of that is not ungrammatical. Choices D and E use unidiomatic constructions with enough: unrealistic enough to constitute would be idiomatic, but the use of enough is imprecise and awkward in this context. Choice A, which uses the clear, concise, and idiomatic construction so unrealistic as to constitute, is best.
Perfect present tense needed à have to be “so that”:
136. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.
(A) it is so debilitating that it has become an economic
(B) it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical
(C) so debilitating is it as to become an economic
(D) such is its debilitation, it becomes an economical（A）
(E) there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical
Choice A is best: is links the noun schistosomiasis with its modifier, debilitating, and so debilitating that idiomatically introduces a clause that provides a further explanation of debilitating. Choices B, D, and E produce awkward, wordy, imprecise, or unidiomatic phrases by substituting the noun debilitation for the modifier debilitating. Choices B and D fail to introduce the explanatory clause with that, and C uses an awkward and wordy construction in place of a that... clause. Finally, B, D, and E wrongly use economical instead of economic to mean “pertaining to the economy.”
语态不能满足：
171. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.
(A) so as to marry
(B) and so could be married to
(C) to be married to
(D) so that he could marry（D）
(E) in order that he would marry
The sentence calls for an adverbial clause of purpose to explain why Henry sought the annulment. D, the best choice, does this clearly and correctly. It is introduced by an appropriate conjunction, so that, and contains a logically appropriate verb form, could marry. Awkward and imprecise, A does not specify who is to marry Anne. B substitutes an illogical coordinate predicate for the needed purpose clause; because the annulment had not yet been granted, Henry could not remarry. C lacks an appropriate conjunction, and the infinitive clause to be married to... makes this choice awkward and unidiomatic. Although E uses an appropriate conjunction, in order that, the verb form would marry is unidiomatic and illogical (might marry would be better).
So As to examples:
10. Climatic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the weather.
(A) so gradual as to be indistinguishable
(B) so gradual they can be indistinguishable
(C) so gradual that they are unable to be distinguished
(D) gradual enough not to be distinguishable（A）
(E) gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them
Choice A, the best answer, presents the idiomatic form (some things) are so X as to be Y. Choice B,C,D, and E can be faulted for not following this form. In addition, C confusedly refers to the climatic shifts themselves as being unable when it is really people who are unable at first to distinguish climatic shifts. This is a very difficult question.
14. Although one link in the chain was demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require the recall of the automobile.
(A) demonstrated to be weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(B) demonstrated as weak, but it was not sufficiently so that it required
(C) demonstrably weak, but not sufficiently so to require
(D) demonstrably weak, it was not so weak as to require（D）
(E) demonstrably weak, it was not weak enough that it required
Choices A and C entail ungrammatical constructions because they do not produce a sentence that has a main clause with a subject and a verb. In choice B, demonstrated as weak is unidiomatic; also in choices B and C Although and but should not be used together because only one is needed to express the relationship between the ideas. Choice D is best. Choice E is less concise and idiomatic than D; moreover, it is imprecise to say that one link in the chain (the referent of it) actually required the recall. The question is of middle difficulty.
Other faults to leave out options:
103. Students in the metropolitan school district lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming ever more dependent on information-based industries.
(A) lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming
(B) lack math skills to a large enough degree that they will be difficult to absorb into a city’s economy that becomes
(C) lack of math skills is so large as to be difficult to absorb them into a city’s economy that becomes
(D) are lacking so much in math skills as to be difficult to absorb into a city’s economy becoming（E）
(E) are so lacking in math skills that it will be difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming
In A, lack is modified by a wordy and awkward construction, to such a large degree as to make it difficult to. B is similarly flawed, and to a large enough degree that is unidiomatic. C is ungrammatical because it uses lack as a noun rather than as a verb: the phrase beginning Students... becomes a dangling element, and them refers illogically to skills rather than students. Additionally, A, B, and C fail to use one or both of the “-ing” forms are lacking and becoming; these forms are preferable to lack and becomes in describing progressive and ongoing conditions. D uses the “-ing” forms, but so much... as to be difficult to absorb is an awkward and unidiomatic verbal modifier. Choice E is best.
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发表于 2005-6-5 10:23:00
