【揽瓜阁6.0】Day4 2021.03.11【社会科学-旅游、经济】

p1-【社会科学-旅游】What will travel look like after the pandemic?

阅读时间：6min, 总结时间：30min

文章大意：

先讲了travel的发展：成本更低，速度更快，走的更远，旅行的人更多，带动旅游业发展。随后讲到covid-19对旅游业的重创。但是也有好处：温室气体排放减少，过度旅游刹车；新冠也加速了未来旅游业的变革: 更容易，损害更小。

1. travel changed from 15th century to 1970s.

2. more travels--- new experiences and memories

3. ease of travel---business, families and friends.

4. travel far: wind and horse-->train-->flight

5. travel by planes increase,

travel abroad: holiday, business, visit families and friends, religious reason, medical

6. travel--tourism: spending, global exports, jobs

7. covid-19---tourism: few travelers, less spending,

8. however: g-gas plunge, overtourism break, accelerate trends

生词：

voyage, n, v, 航行，航海。carriage, n, 马车。trunk, n, 树干，汽车车尾的行李箱。wherewithal, n, 必要的资金。wheelie-bag, n, 带滑轮的行李箱。till, n, 放钱的抽屉。shortfall, n, 差额，不足。reckon, v, 猜想，估计。in the long run, 长远来看。battering, n, 重创。

p2-Social and political skills have become the real key

阅读时间：5min, 总结时间：45min

文章大意：

研究发现成功的管理者拥有 社交和政治技能，这是他们成功的关键。这个发现证明了传统观点是错误的。有一些美国公司正在寻求改变。

1. 成功的经理和高效的经理相比，

1>social and political skills, 2>将networking放在重要的位置

不可否认，有管理者将上述两种管理者的activities平衡，但是比例很少；这也反应了两种管理者的普遍差异。

2. 这个发现证明传统观点是错的：即晋升只跟工作表现有关。

这个发现证明了一个愤世嫉俗的观点：在3个方面表现不是最好的人被提拔了。所以，想要提高生产力的美国公司，需要确保升职和工作表现挂钩。

这样做的好处：

effective manager-->successful manger,

successful manger-->effectively focus on productivity

生词：

negate, v, n, 否定，取消, 对立面。meagre, adj, 数量很少的，不足的，贫乏的。belie, v, 证明是错的，掩饰，使失望。plethora, n, 过剩，过多。

长难句分析：

S1:

The study found out that successful managers, (those who get promoted relatively quickly VS effective managers), perform day to day activities [that are more or less dissimilar to the ones (conducted by effective managers or those who have satisfied, committed subordinates, in addition to high performing unites).]

1>主句主干：the study found out that… 后面都是宾语从句内部的内容

2>宾语从句主干：managers perform activities…

3>2个逗号之间(those who…) 是定语从句作插入语

4>[that are more…unites.] 定语从句，修饰activities

5>定语从句中有一个比较。that代指activities做主语, 比较对象是后面的ones；ones指代effective managers的activities, 即前面successful managers的activities和后面effective managers的activities进行比较

6>定语从句中(conducted by effective managers…)是done短语做定语后置，修饰ones.

7>这个done后置定语里面又嵌套了一个定语从句who have…, 修饰前面的those, those代指前面的effective mangers.

句子语义：

研究发现，成功的经理，即比有效率的经理晋升更快的经理，进行的日常活动跟有效率的经理进行的活动相比，除了高效的团结之外，有或多或少的差异。

S2:

Accordingly, it comes as no surprise {that networking, which consists of socializing or politicking and interacting with others, was one activity [that, (out of the core four activities among the plethora of activities performed by managers), topped the list for successful managers but was ranked the lowest in the list of activities performed by the effective ones.]}

1>it做形式主语，主语是后面的that从句。主句主干：{that…} comes as no surprise.

2>{}从句主干是 networking was one activity

3>[that, out of…, effective ones] 是定语从句，修饰activity

4>定语从句主干是 that topped… but was ranked…

4>定语从句中，两个逗号之间(out of the… by managers) 是介词短语作插入语，修饰前面的that，即activity

5>performed by the effective ones是done后置定语，修饰activities

句子语义：

因此，毫不奇怪的是，由社交或政治活动以及与其他人互动组成的网络，是一项不在管理人员执行的大量活动中的核心四项活动之内的活动。该活动在成功的经理人列表中名列前茅，但在有效的经理人执行的活动列表中排名最低。

S3:

Indeed the findings of the study do not negate the reality {that there are managers [who strike a balance between the activities (performed by both types of managers) and hence are successful and effective at the same time]}, but the meagre percentage [such managers formed of the study’s sample], (barely ten percent), affirms the general divide between successful and effective managers.

1>整个主句主干：findings do not negate the reality, but percentage affirms the general divide

2>{that there are…same time} 是同位语从句，做reality的同位语

3>同位语从句的主干：there are managers

4>同位语从句中[who strike…same time] 是定语从句，修饰manages

5>定语从句的主干：who strike…and hence are…

6>后面but另起一个句子，主干是percentage affirms the general divide

7>[such managers…sample] 是定语从句，修饰percent, 前面省略了that

8>两个逗号之间(barely ten percent) 是前面percent的同位语，做插入语

9>最后面between…and 是介词短语修饰divide

句子语义：

确实，研究的结果并不能否定这样的事实：有些经理在两种类型的经理执行的活动之间取得平衡，因此在同一时间既成功又有效，但是这种经理在研究样本中所占的比例很小，只有不到百分之十，这个比例肯定了成功和有效经理人之间的普遍差异。

S4:

In effect, the study’s implications affirm the cynical, (yet what now seems real), view {that people [who are not necessarily the most accomplishing in terms of performing well in the other three key activity areas, namely communication, traditional management, and human resource management], are being promoted to the top level.}

1>主句主干：implications affirm view

2>两个逗号之间是插入语 (yet what now seems real), 跟前面cynical有个对比，cynical view, 愤世嫉俗的观点

3>{that people…top level} 是同位语从句，做view的同位语

4>同位语从句中，主干是people are being promoted

5>[who are…management] 是定语从句，修饰people

句子语义：

实际上，该研究证实了一个愤世嫉俗，但现在看来似乎是真实的观点：在其他三个关键活动领域（即沟通，传统管理和人力资源管理）中，表现并不是最好的人，被提拔到高级别。