OG13 - sc77 依然时态问题

ZJPt找到M · 发表于 2015-5-16 14:59:38

77.A1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump
(B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping
(C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump
(E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities

正确答案：D
这个题我知道已经很多人问过了，我也看了很多的帖子，可是依然没有茅塞顿开的感觉
疑问也是A和D之间的时态，对于两种时态我都能理解，因此不明白怎么排除的A，先说一下我的理解：
A.agreement 减少之前市政被允许倾倒phosphates的量——过去完成时截至agreement，phosphates不允许被倾倒了，因此agreement的发生减少了phosphates的量
D.agreement减少了现在市政依然被允许倾倒磷的量
综合了各种帖子，让我比较理解的又很矛盾的两种解释：
1.agreement reduced是新的量，而不是过去的量，也就是说减少的是政策出台以后的量，而这个量正是修饰phosphate的定语，因此that的谓语要在agreement发生之后
2.用had been说明phosphates在reduced的时候之前都已经不允许被倾倒，那又何来减少amount
对于两个解释的疑问：之前还能倒呢，到出台agreement为止磷不允许倾倒了，这不正是agreement的功劳从而减少了磷的量么

我已经凌乱了，陷入这种不明所以的逻辑中，求已然明了的xdjms指点迷津啊

ZJPt找到M · 发表于 2015-5-16 21:27:28

二帖又沉的节奏么.....

ukyo2003 · 发表于 2015-5-17 10:29:27

一个建议是发了贴不要催，别人没有义务回答你的问题，我在SC版发过N多贴根本没人回，发了就当运气每天看看吧，有学习就算运气好，还是要靠自己多查各种权威解释，比如manhattanprep.com

这道题我错过最后弄懂了，我从头讲一下时间点，估计你还是时间点时态没搞清楚。

在现在时间点之前的某个过去时间点，比如in 2000, xxx time ago, 用一般过去时，表示动作过去发生，注意一个潜台词是动作到今天已经结束了
在现在时间点之前的某个时间段，到现在为止，比如说since xxx, from xxx till today, 用一般完成时，表示动作过去发生，到今天还ongoing，注意到今天还ongoing
在过去某个时间点之前发生的动作，比如说befor 2000, before somebody did something, earlier in the year (这个注意一般是表示过去时间点之前而不是表示过去时间点)，用过去完成时，表示动作在过去时间点之前发生，在过去时间点之前已经结束，到现在更是早就结束

本题因为allow的动作现在还在持续，否则不会有amount之说，所以不能用过去完成时，也不能用过去时(潜台词是有可能今天已经不allow了)，只能用一般现在时。但是reduce是过去发生的，当时已经reduced了这个amount，今天不再reduce了，比如当年从200吨reduce到100吨，那么今天allow的量是按照当年reduced之后的100吨来执行，而不是说100吨基础上今天再次reduce。

时态很重要，这一题还不算搞的，要看看prep07更多搞的时态，都要弄清楚。

ukyo2003 · 发表于 2015-5-17 10:46:12

另外要回答你对A的疑问，我改写一个句子，A改成这样才对：
1. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States banned the kind of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. After the ban, the municipalities were no longer allowed to dump any phosphates into the Great Lakes.

2. A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities were allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. From then on, municipallities have been dumpting according to the new standard untill today. Now Canada and the United States are planning to reduce the amount again that municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.

ZJPt找到M · 发表于 2015-5-17 17:36:10

ukyo2003 发表于 2015-5-17 10:29
一个建议是发了贴不要催，别人没有义务回答你的问题，我在SC版发过N多贴根本没人回，发了就当运气每天看看 ...

居然有人看，我以为又沉的节奏，首先感谢UK的回复，你的解答很详细
昨天发这个帖的时候我已经陷进去了，今天再看这道题，试着让自己单纯的想时间顺序就好，过去完成时就是过去某个动作之前发生过的，既然发生过了，那么过去的某个动作要讲的就是从那个时刻之后的事，跟之前无关了，（这样想合理不）
而不要死扣这个句意到底能不能讲通，这样一想又钻进了自己设的死胡同

ukyo2003 · 发表于 2015-5-17 21:11:08

有个高质量的题，这题做会就懂了

Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.

A. Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing.
B. Nearly 99 percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth have vanished.
C. Vanished are nearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth.
D. Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them have vanished.
E. Of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished.

不知道回帖可不可以用hide功能，如果你做完了题看解释

OA: E

A. Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them vanishing. (run on 句子；vanishing错误，应该是vanished)
B. Nearly 99 percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth have vanished. (500m 没有加the表示地球上出现过不止500万生物，这里说的99%只是地球上的某部分生物(数量为500万)的99%，和原文意思不同，原文是说地球上一共就出现过500万；appeared表示过去appeared现在已经不appear，那么全死光了，应该是100% have vanished)
C. Vanished are nearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that appeared on Earth. (无故倒装错误；appeared错误)
D. Of five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent of them have vanished. (500m的错误和B一样)
E. Of the five hundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth, nearly 99 percent have vanished. (标绿的是考点正确用法)

ZJPt找到M · 发表于 2015-5-17 23:17:17

ukyo2003 发表于 2015-5-17 21:11
有个高质量的题，这题做会就懂了

Five hundred million different species of living creatures have appe ...

嗯，这个题刚开始觉得B的时态蛮对，但是appear似乎在说99%，又有歧义

E么，感觉时态不太好，总觉得既然99%都已经没了，那么500m应该是过去式，而不能持续到今天了
但是里面还有1%还在，所以现在完成，E就说的通了

ukyo2003 · 发表于 2015-5-18 10:09:40

ZJPt找到M 发表于 2015-5-17 23:17
嗯，这个题刚开始觉得B的时态蛮对，但是appear似乎在说99%，又有歧义

E么，感觉时态不太好，总觉得既然9 ...

99% appear倒没有歧义，因为that appeared是修饰500m different species of living creatures而不是99%，B是时态错误

warmly1009 · 发表于 2015-5-18 14:08:48

同意！

Stephanie渔 · 发表于 2015-5-24 18:36:37

感谢分享！

OG13 - sc77 依然时态问题

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