为什么这题是类比推理？

shiwei521 · 发表于 2013-11-4 15:47:10

102. Wind farms, which generate electricity using arrays of thousands of wind-powered turbines, require vast expanses of open land. County X and County Y have similar terrain, but the population density of County X is significantly higher than that of County Y. Therefore, a wind farm proposed for one of the two counties should be built in County Y rather than in County X. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the planner's argument? A. County X and County Y are adjacent to each other, and both are located in the windiest area of the state.B. The total population of County Y is substantially greater than that of County X.C. Some of the electricity generated by wind farms in County Y would be purchased by users outside the county.D. Wind farms require more land per unit of electricity generated than does any other type of electrical-generation facility.E. Nearly all of County X's population is concentrated in a small part of the county, while County Y's population is spread evenly throughout the county. 1. 由问题问法得知，此题是评估类的题目。
2. 找到前提和结论：结论句应该是：A wind farm proposed for one of the two counties should be built in County Y rather than in County X.。 3. 判断推理模式：原文中看似说到了X和Y的不同点，无法让两者之间产生类比，但是我们也可以发现，文中的结论是基于X和Y除了人口密度上没有其他差别才得出的结论。所以该文段依然是一个类比推理模式。我们在判断推理模式的时候，请不要拘泥于词汇，而是注重结论所真正建立的核心。 CountryX CountryY

地形（相似点）装风能涡轮机（相似点）人口密度小-->安装在这里

地形（相似点）装风能涡轮机（相似点）人口密度大

由原文可知，只要我们能找到一个不相似点，或者另外一个乡村，就可以削弱当下这个推理，从而选出答案。 4. 找到答案方向：类比模式推理有两个CQ：CQ1：相似性问题CQ2：反案例问题答案选项，要么同时涉及两个案例，要么就一个也不涉及，提出第三个案例才能成为答案。选项分析： A. X和Y彼此毗邻，两者都是所属州风最大的地区。涉及X和Y的相似点，加强了类比推理。B. Y的人口数量要远远大于X的。涉及了两者的不相似点，可以留下。C. 有些Y由风力发出的电能被在Y之外的人买走。该选项只涉及Y。D. 产生单位电能的情况下，风力发电比其他种类发电需求更多的土地资源。该选项不涉及X和Y，也不是第三案例。E. 几乎所有的X的人都聚集在X很小的一个部分生活，而在Y，大家都是四散居住的。显然涉及了两个案例的不同点。可以留下最后比较B和E，显然E的能削弱将涡轮机放在Y，答案为E。

shiwei521 · 发表于 2013-11-4 15:49:46

为什么不能把他当做因果推理？求助

soulwangh · 发表于 2013-11-4 18:44:59

shiwei521 发表于 2013-11-4 15:49
为什么不能把他当做因果推理？求助

Don't care too much about the type. Conditional Reasoning, which you call 因果, is a wide category, which includes the analogy type.

shiwei521 · 发表于 2013-11-5 09:02:25

soulwangh 发表于 2013-11-4 18:44
Don't care too much about the type. Conditional Reasoning, which you call 因果, is a wide category ...

还是不怎么懂，如果是因果的话，那么就要按照其他的CQ来解题，怎么会包含类比呢？

soulwangh · 发表于 2013-11-5 10:15:22

shiwei521 发表于 2013-11-5 09:02
还是不怎么懂，如果是因果的话，那么就要按照其他的CQ来解题，怎么会包含类比呢？ ...

OK

I don't like the name 因果. I recommend you use "conditional reasoning", which is introduced in book "powerscore for LSAT", because according to my experience they are the same，and 因果 some times confuse people. Never mind, if you find 因果 is OK.

因果 has two CQs：First, No relationship between A and B；Second, Some other interruptive factor between A and B.

Generally speaking, these two CQ can deduced as: A is not sufficient for B, and consequently B is not necessary following A.

Assumption is one of the biggest obstacle for 因果. Because the author's unstated premise makes the premise in the stimulus not sufficient to get the conclusion.

And in analogy, the unstated premise,namely the assumption, is that the two things are all the same. The CQ is whether the two things are all the same . If yes, then A is sufficient for B ; if no，the A is not sufficient for B, the same result As the CQs in 因果.

See the relationship between 因果 and analogy? In analogy, the assumption is within the specific pattern: all things are equal. In 因果，the assumption can be anything.

shiwei521 · 发表于 2013-11-5 16:11:35

soulwangh 发表于 2013-11-5 10:15
OK

I don't like the name 因果. I recommend you use "conditional reasoning", which is introduced in ...

Txs!!you are a kind person.

soulwangh · 发表于 2013-11-6 15:31:30

shiwei521 发表于 2013-11-5 16:11
Txs!!you are a kind person.

Sure~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

本贴相关题目 GMATPrep-2008E1-CR-102 | TN-03-CR-28 (HDPS)

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