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The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890‘s
that the agrarian discontent that had been developing
steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been
Line precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier--that is,
5 the depletion of available new land needed for further
expansion of the American farming system. Actually,
however, new lands were taken up for farming in the
United States throughout and beyond the nineteenth
century. The emphasis of the presumed disappearance of
10 the American frontier obscured the great importance
of changes in the conditions and consequences of
international trade that occurred during the second
half of the nineteenth century. Huge tracts of land were
being settled and farmed in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and in
15 the American West, and these areas were joined with one
another and with the countries of Europe into an interdependent
market system. Consequently, agrarian depressions no longer
were local or national in scope, and they struck
several nations whose internal frontiers had
20 not vanished or were not about to vanish. Between the
early 1870‘s and the 1890‘s, the mounting agrarian discontent in
America paralleled the almost uninterrupted decline in the
prices of American agricultural products on foreign markets.
(198 words)
8. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) showing that a certain interpretation is
better supported by the evidence than is
an alternative explanation
(B) developing an alternative interpretation by
using sources of evidence that formerly
had been unavailable
(C) questioning the accuracy of the evidence
that most scholars have used to counter
the author‘s own interpretation
(D) reviewing the evidence that formerly had
been thought to obscure a valid
interpretation
(E) presenting evidence in support of a
controversial version of an earlier
interpretation.
9. According to the author, changes in the
conditions of international trade resulted in an
(A) underestimation of the amount of new land
that was being famed in the United States
(B) underutilization of relatively small but rich
plots of land
(C) overexpansion of the world transportation
network for shipping agricultural
products
(D) extension of agrarian depressions beyond
national boundaries
(E) emphasis on the importance of market
forces in determining the prices of
agricultural products
10. The author implies that, after certain territories
and countries had been joined into an
interdependent market system in the
nineteenth century, agrarian depressions
within that system
(A) spread to several nations, excluding those in
which the internal frontier remained open
(B) manifested themselves in several nations,
including those in which new land
remained available for farming
(C) slowed down the pace of new technological
developments in international
communications and transportation
(D) affected the local and national prices of the
nonagricultural products of several nations
(E) encouraged several nations to sell more of
their agricultural products on foreign
markets
11. The author‘s argument implies that, compared
to the yearly price changes that actually
occurred on foreign agricultural markets during
the 1880‘s, American farmers would have most
preferred yearly price changes that were
(A) much smaller and in the same direction
(B) much smaller but in the opposite direction
(C) slightly smaller and in the same direction
(D) similar in size but in the opposite direction
(E) slightly greater and in the same direction |
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发表于 2011-10-2 09:20:02
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