[求助]OG关于句尾，句中-ing的疑问

OG关于句尾，句中-ing的疑问

250-35. A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.

(A) A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.

(B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

(C) After passing through a red giant stage, a star’s mass will determine if it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

(D) Mass determines whether a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.（D）

(E) The mass of a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will determine whether it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

Choice A is ambiguous because the grammatical function of depending on mass is uncertain: the phrase could modify either the whole preceding statement or only the words after it passes through a red giant stage. In the latter case, choice A states in effect that a star depends on its mass as it passes through this phase, not the fate of the star depends on the star’s mass. Choice B suffers from the same ambiguity. Choices C and E illogically maintain that the star’s mass, not star itself, passes through the red giant stage to assume another form. Choice D is the correct answer for this difficult question.

看来句尾的这个伴随有歧意。而且depending on，“同时伴随依靠”（伴随动作）和“结果依靠”（伴随结果）都不通。Depending修饰整个句子或从句???

250/s1 12.         Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only with an Edison phonograph and insatiable curiosity.

(A) Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only

(B) In 1905, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, traveling the back roads of Hungary, began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were only armed

(C) In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only

(D) Having traveled the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology; they were only armed（C）

(E) Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, in 1905 began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary, arming themselves only

Choices A and B are wordy and imprecise: the phrasing suggests that Bartok and Kodaly were already traveling the back roads of Hungary when they began their pioneering work, not that they traveled the back roads in order to conduct such work. Moreover, and suggests in both cases that they were armed with a phonograph in addition to being on the road, rather than while they were on the road, and only in B is misplaced before the verb armed. Choice C is correct. In choice D, Having traveled… suggests that the two had finished traveling before they began their work in ethnomusicology, and only is again misplaced. Choice E is wordy and awkwardly constructed. The question is a little easier than the average.

(B)In 1905, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, traveling the back roads of Hungary, began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were only armed

这里BB and ZK, -ing可以吗？还是一定用定语从句？----从红字部分可以看出BB and ZK,-ing语法上是可以的，只是这里这样修饰逻辑意思上不对了。这里ETS好象认为travelling....began...是travel发生在先，began 发生在后，逻辑顺序不对了。

如果这里可以，那么：

2: A certain regulation has done something but has not addressed either logging, which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burn a vast proportion of forests …

E: logging, removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burning a vast proportion of forests …

The correct answer offered is A, but why the alternative answer E is not right?

这里E中的logging, removing…不能修饰logging而只能修饰整个句子的说法是否有问题？----从补充35 ETS的解释，就可以看出这里logging, removing...修饰也有歧义了，removing can not only modify the whole preceding statement but also modify logging only.

Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.
(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, care-fully coordinating them with her narratives
(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(C)In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives,Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations
(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

这里A中BP, coordinating对吗？还是一定要BP, who coordinates??? ---我觉得BP, coordinating..可以. 但V.ing表示正在进行或持续性的动作.在这句中用V.ing意思上不妥.而且A中很难把them和illustrations对应起来.

178. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.

(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has（E）

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has

At issue in this question is subject-verb agreement; the number... has risen must be the kernel of the main clause. Choice E, the best answer, uses a singular verb form, has, to agree with the singular subject, the number. Choices A, B, and C mistake criminals for the sentence subject and so incorrectly use the plural verb form have. In B and C the verb phrases (performing... ) do not clearly modify criminals, because another noun (sentences) intrudes, nor do the verb phrases clearly establish temporal relationships among events. D is wordy and imprecise (in their performing of specific jobs).

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have

这里B,C选项中的 sentence, performing是不是语法上修饰sentences也是不可能的？？

我觉得语法上修饰是可能的.虽然这里逻辑上不是修饰这个.

1.       The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.

(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed

(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed（E）

(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

OG关于句尾，句中-ing的疑问

250-35. A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.

(A) A star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole after it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.

(B) After passing through a red giant stage, depending on its mass, a star will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

(C) After passing through a red giant stage, a star’s mass will determine if it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

(D) Mass determines whether a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.（D）

(E) The mass of a star, after passing through the red giant stage, will determine whether it compresses itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole.

Choice A is ambiguous because the grammatical function of depending on mass is uncertain: the phrase could modify either the whole preceding statement or only the words after it passes through a red giant stage. In the latter case, choice A states in effect that a star depends on its mass as it passes through this phase, not the fate of the star depends on the star’s mass. Choice B suffers from the same ambiguity. Choices C and E illogically maintain that the star’s mass, not star itself, passes through the red giant stage to assume another form. Choice D is the correct answer for this difficult question.

看来句尾的这个伴随有歧意。而且depending on，“同时伴随依靠”（伴随动作）和“结果依靠”（伴随结果）都不通。Depending修饰整个句子或从句???