[SC总结] GWD语法笔记摘抄

  GWD小班GMAT语法笔记

一、解题步骤（前提：假设不知道任何的语法）

1.  读题：从头读到尾，但是要有大概的意思；(因为我们要从肯定对的里面判断哪个选项是错误的)

2  解题：竖看选项

A）句子完整性及其惯用语（现在的机考几乎没有）

B）并列原则（所有的比较都叫并列，重点是结构并列，and连接的两个纯并列句不考虑。）

◎谁和谁并列（看结构功能是否对应）

◎二重并列不能用逗号

◎N重并列只能在最后用逗号＋and

◎A，B，and C只能推出b＝c，但A不一定，因为有省略

◎只要不是自己和自己比就不能用it

P133.21 P162.21 P154.19.17

C）动词（包括谓语和非谓语- 分词）

只有当动词能与画线外的部分有清晰的连接时, 动词判断才有意义

◎看看发起者是谁，用意思来判断, 分词紧连

◎时间和地点状语修饰动词时, 不放在动词和发起者之间

◎只要没有明显表示时间概念的词或者时间概念就不要考虑时态，但如果有就立刻考虑，只有现在、过去、进行、将来和完成时

◎如果划线部分的头尾是V，先做V。

◎     2个选项比较意思相同：最好用动词形式，不用名词或形容词形式

to do自然结果, for doing 先有目的

P205.137 P138.13 P160.15

D）比较选项(一定要按照下面的优先级顺序)

◎     意思合理（大概有4－5题用到意思，但是如果只剩两个选项几乎一样就不用看意思）

比较选项时:

分词修饰 (, 号隔开的)

修饰词的位置改变

从属或并列

◎小词的应用（但在现在的机考中几乎用不到）

although＋句子；despite和in spite of加简单名词

列举只能用such as

as接句子和词都行；like只能接简单名词

in order to后面的V和整句的逻辑主语对应；in order that无所谓; for the purpose of先有想法后做; so that 先做后达成, 因果顺序与其它三个不同.

similar（ly）to 不能放在句首

can be的意思是能不能做;be able to只能用在生命体上，表达有没有这个能力;capable of doing是指与生俱来的能力用在生命体上

反身代词尽量跟在被代替的后面

have to用在生命体上，但must泛指

地点用where；时间用when；其他用which

生命体用's，非生命体用of结构

◎主动比被动优先

◎几个怪词不爽（having, being, 逗号+which，代词多, there be, 分词短语做主语）

◎简洁原则（直接修饰>短语修饰>句子修饰）例外：宾语从句的修饰>to do的修饰

◎维持原意

◎尽量用动词原型, 意思无区别时

◎AD原则

最常用的是：并列，动词，主被动，怪

P155一套，18，19section

二、培养语法的感觉（以下针对牛人，根据是现代英语用法规则,  最优先）

重点在句子前面, 意图直接表达, 什么东西怎么样

1.并列：前后尽可能工整

动词（包括谓语和非谓语）

◎     看看发起者是谁，用意思来判断

137.Coronary angiography, a sophisticated method for diagnosing coronary disease, involves the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart and is now administered selectively, because it uses x-rays to observe cardiac function. (A-P1-137)

A. method for diagnosing coronary disease  involving the introduction of a dye into the arteries of the heart and is now administered selectively, because it uses

involving 的发起者为disease

主要分析分词及主干的谓语动词

◎时间和地点状语不放在动词和发起者之间

◎意义无区别时: 2个选项比较：最好用动词形式，不用名词或形容词形式

Section 18.13. laceName w:st="on">OberlinlaceName> laceType w:st="on">CollegelaceType> in Ohio was a renegade institution at its 1833 founding for deciding to accept both men and women as students.

(A) at its 1833 founding for deciding to accept

(B) for the decision at its 1833 founding to accept

(C) when it was founded in 1833 for its decision to accept

(D) in deciding at its founding in 1833 to accept

(E) by deciding at its founding in 1833 on the acceptance of

D

◎ 只要没有明显表示时间概念的词或者时间概念就不要考虑时态，但如果有就立刻考虑，只有现在、过去、进行、将来和完成时

◎  如果划线部分的头尾是V，先做V。

看动词。如果画线部分有动词开头或者结尾， 先找动词的发起者， 根据事态， 单复数等可以排除选项。时间，地点状语不可插在动词与动词发起者之间， 应放在之前或者之后。动词中的非100%原则：动词原型与动词的衍生名词；主动与被动；一般事态的优先原则。

Section 18.15. People have discovered the principles of solar energy whenever fuel becomes scarce and expensive but will forget them every time a new source of cheap energy is developed.

(A) have discovered the principles of solar energy whenever fuel becomes scarce and expensive     but will forget

(B) have discovered the principles of solar energy whenever fuel has become scarce and expen-      sive but they forget

(C) discovered the principles of solar energy every time fuel becomes scarce and expensive,      forgetting

(D) discover the principles of solar energy every time fuel became scarce and expensive, but      they forget

(E) discover the principles of solar energy whenever fuel becomes scarce and expensive but forget

whenever, every time 一般现在时, E

并列.

并列原则（所有的比较都叫并列，重点是结构并列，and连接的两个纯并列句不考虑。）

◎     谁和谁并列（看结构, 功能短语或意思常识是否对应）结构不一定对称

P133.21,A

21. Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and roothke tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

(A) extending

(B) extends

(C) extended

(D) it extended

(E) is extending

解释: extending +for 短语与spawned +by 短语对应. 结构对应是依据

P154.19.17

Section 20.19:

As the etched lines on computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have vastly increased.

(A) the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have

(B) the chips’ circuits more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive has

(C) the chips’ circuits are more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive has

(D) their circuits are more complex, the power of both the chips and the electronic devices they drive have

(E) their circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have

解释: power—device ---à chip --- device   powerà has  B 由性质判断是否能并列

As the etched lines on computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips’ circuits more complex, both the power of the chips and the electronic devices they drive have vastly increased.

P162.21 P154. 17

◎二重并列并列结构(不是并列句) 不能用逗号

◎N重并列只能在最后用 逗号＋and (or)

◎A，B，and C只能推出b＝c 的结构，但A不一定，因为有省略

◎只要不是自己和自己比就不能用it

并列关系是重点，主要考并列结构，并列句不是重点．

所有的比较，e.g. replacement

并列中的省略结构，前后省一个结构

Section 17.15. In recent years cattle breeders have increasingly used crossbreeding in part that their steers should acquire certain characteristics and partly because crossbreeding is said to

provide hybrid vigor.

(A) in part that their steers should acquire certain characteristics

(B) in part for the acquisition of certain characteristics in their steers.

(C) partly because of their steers acquiring certain characteristics

(D) party because certain characteristics should be acquired by their steers.

(E) partly to acquire certain characteristics in their steers

E partly (crossbreeding is said) to acquire certain characteristics in their steers 前置省略结构

不同事物并列时,不能用it代替

Section 17.9. Because the Earth's crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an earthquake of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West.

(A) of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it does in the West.

(B) of a given magnitude will typically devastate 100 times the area if it occurs in the eastern United States instead of the West

(C) will typically devastate 100 times the area in the eastern United States than one of comparable magnitude occurring in the West

(D) in the eastern United States will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West.

(E) that occurs in the eastern United States will typically devastate 100 times more area than if it occurred with comparable magnitude in the West.

不同的地方的地震: D

N重并列, 最后一个加 ,and 或 ,or

Section 18.11. It is an oversimplified view of cattle raising to say that all one has to do with cattle is leave them alone while they food themselves, corral them, and to drive them to market when the time is ripe.

(A) all one has to do with cattle is leave them alone while they feed themselves, corral them, and to

(B) all one has to do with cattle is to leave them alone to feed themselves, to corral them, and

(C) all one has to do with cattle is leave them alone while they feed themselves and then corral them and

(D) the only thing that has to be done with cattle is leave them alone while they feed themselves. corral them, and

(E) the only thing that has to be done with cattle is to leave them alone while they feed

themselves, to corral them, and

A and then B and C: then 可以打断and 但改变关系 – D

全画线找对仗最工整的句子

Section 18.22. Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles fuel efficiency since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by under inflation.

(A) Car owners who inflate their tires properly can substantially boost their vehicles’ fuel efficiency, since the increase in car-road friction can waste up to five percent of car fuel by under inflation

(B) Because the under inflation of tires can waste up to five percent of a car's fuel by increasing car-road friction car owners can substantially boost their vehicles' fuel efficiency by properly inflating the tires

(C) Their vehicles' fuel efficiency is substantially boosted by car owners through the proper inflation of tires that, when under inflated can waste up to five percent of car fuel by an increase in car-road friction

(D) The proper inflation of tires by car owners, due to the fact that under inflation can waste up to five percent of a car's fuel by the increase of car-road friction, can substantially boost their fuel efficiency

(E) Because up to five percent of a car's fuel are wasted through the increases in car-road friction when the tires are under inflated car owners properly inflating tires can substantially boost their fuel efficiency

比较选项(一定要按照下面的优先级顺序)

1.         意思合理（大概有4－5题用到意思，但是如果只剩两个选项几乎一样就不用看意思）

2.         修饰关系

3.         主动比被动 主动优先

4.         几个怪词不爽（having, being, 逗号which，代词多, there be, 分词短语做主语）

5.         维持原意

6.         简洁原则（直接修饰》短语修饰》句子修饰）

例外：宾语从句的修饰> to do的修饰

小词的应用（但在现在的机考中几乎用不到）

as接句子和词都行；like只能接简单名词

although＋句子；despite和in spite of加简单名词

similar（ly）不能放在句首

can be的意思是能不能;be able to只能用在生命体上，表达有没有这个能力;capable of doing是指与生俱来的能力用在生命体上

反身代词尽量跟在名词的后面

have to用在生命体上，但must不是

地点用where；时间用when；其他用which

生命体用's，非生命体用of结构

in order to后面的V和整句的逻辑主语对应；in order that无所谓

◎尽量用动词原型

◎AD原则

最常用的是：并列，动词，主被动，怪

培养语法的感觉（以下针对牛人，根据是现代英语用法规则,  最优先）

1.并列：前后尽可能工整

Section 16. 22.

2.平衡：头重脚轻不行但是反之可以，均匀最好

Section 19.3. That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the

future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.

(A) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly

be said that it is their fault

(B) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly

be said to be at fault

(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact

of microcomputer technology

(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of

microcomputer technology

(E) The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer

technology can hardly be said

3.避免歧义

分词短语的修饰关系分词短语位置: 在两个名词中间 ,对修饰关系引起歧意

Section 20.10. Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds; born into an Iroquois community and instructed in traditional Iroquois ways, he also received an education from English-speaking teachers.

   (A) Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds;

   (B) Like many others of his generation of Native American leaders, living in two worlds, Joseph Brant was

   (C) Like many another of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant, living in two worlds, was

   (D) As with many others of his generation of Native American leaders, living in two worlds, Joseph Brant was

   (E) As with many another of his generation of Native American leaders, Joseph Brant lived in two worlds;

A

Section 21.22. Unlike most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warbler are very difficult to tell apart.

  (A) Unlike most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warbler are very difficult to tell apart.

  (B) Unlike most warbler species, the gender of the blue-winged warbler is very difficult to distinguish.

  (C) Unlike those in most warbler species, the male and female blue-winged warblers are very difficult to distinguish.

  (D) It is very difficult, unlike in most warbler species, to tell the male and female blue-winged warbler apart.

  (E) Blue-winged warblers are unlike most species of warbler in that it is very difficult to tell the male and female apart.

E

N重否定, 否定词的位置

修饰语, 如: 定语从句的动词的选择, 即便隔得在远,适当的动词也不会引起定语从句修饰关系的歧意, 修饰谁是由谁能引导该动作决定的.

省略句

4.实意（巨难）

◎在出现具体内容之前，虚词( 代词) 只能出现一次；内容尽量在主句

Section 19.3. That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the

future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.

(A) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly

be said that it is their fault

(B) That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly

be said to be at fault

(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact

of microcomputer technology

(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of

microcomputer technology

(E) The fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer

technology can hardly be said

230.In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are. (A-P1-230)

They 指代酒 ß are 被动不能跳指 have 不是实义不能独存

C  连续指代, 无实意名词

◎句子，介词短语，句子（对）

句子，介词短语。（错误，因为介词短语不能当实体）

句子介词短语。（对）

句子，分词短语。（对）

句子，不定式 错

8.A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present but think that they will be or could be made sufficiently safe in the future. (A-P1-8)

任何结构都应该有实际意义, will be 的be 不能省略

P142.3 P153.15

感觉的练习方法：每天读正确的句子加选项。

辛苦了!

hoechst手执长剑，修炼成道：CBSF~~~