Some
observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that
occurred in the United States during the 1980’s to increased participation in
the workforce by certain groups, (5) such as first-time or reentering workers, who
supposedly prefer such arrangements. However, statistical analyses reveal that
demographic changes in the workforce did not correlate with variations in the
total number of temporary (10)
workers. Instead, these analyses suggest that factors affecting
employers account for the rise in temporary employment. One factor is product
demand: temporary employment is favored by employers who are adapting to
fluctuating demand (15) for
products while at the same time seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another
factor is labor’s reduced bargaining strength, which allows employers more
control over the terms of employment. Given the analyses, which reveal that (20) growth in temporary
employment now far exceeds the level explainable by recent workforce entry
rates of groups said to prefer temporary jobs, firms should be discouraged from
creating excessive numbers of temporary positions. Government (25) policymakers should
consider mandating benefit coverage for temporary employees, promoting pay
equity between temporary and permanent workers, assisting labor unions in
organizing temporary workers, and encouraging firms to assign temporary (30) jobs primarily to
employees who explicitly indicate that preference.
55. The first sentence in the passage suggests
that the observers mentioned in line 1 would be most likely to predict which of
the following?
(A) That the number of
new temporary positions would decline as fewer workers who preferred temporary
employment entered the workforce
(B) That the total number
of temporary positions would increase as fewer workers were able to find
permanent positions
(C) That employers would
have less control over the terms of workers’ employment as workers increased
their bargaining strength
(D) That more workers
would be hired for temporary positions as product demand increased
(E) That the number of
workers taking temporary positions would increase as more workers in any given
demographic group entered the workforce
dictionary上說demographic人口統計學的, 想問一下demographic groups是什麼意思?
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