再请教AA新题2、7，多谢！

2. The following appeared in an editorial from a magazine produced by an organization dedicated to environmental protection:

“In order to effectively reduce the amount of environmental damage that industrial manufacturing plants cause, those who manage the plants must be aware of the specific amount and types of damage caused by each of their various manufacturing processes. However, few corporations have enough financial incentive to monitor this information. In order to guarantee that corporations reduce the damage caused by their plants, the federal government should require every corporation to produce detailed annual reports on the environmental impact of their manufacturing process, and the government should impose stiff financial penalties for failure to produce these reports.”

Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc.

“The computerized onboard warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions. One plane’s warning system can receive signals from another’s transponder—a radio set that signals a plane’s course—in order to determine the likelihood of a collision and recommend evasive action.”

Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

谢谢！！！

7，找到一个样本

The author concludes that the computerized on board warning system that will be installed in the commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair collision. the author's line of reasoning for that is by this system the airliners will be able to determine the likelyhood of collision & recommend the evasive action.
This argument is unconvincing for several reasons.

First of all the author's conclusion is based on questionable assumption that new warning system is fully tested. the author hasn't mention anywhere that the new system is bug free & it's ready for use.

Second the author has not mention that in the condition in which the new system will fail is there any secondary warning system available or not. the author does not state what is the draw back with present warning system so far which are the methods & technology used to avoid midair plane collision & why they are not succesful & their which drawbacks are going to overcome by the latest computerized warning system.

Last but definately not the least the author has not mention anything regarding complexity of operating the present warning system. It's better to evaluate that whether the pilots are comfortable in operating the new system, whether they understand the meaning of each & every signal indication of the new system because if they don't chances are more to misinterpret the signal & take the wrong decisons. in that case the midair collsion may be get increase instead of get decrease.

In nutshell, author's conclusion that the computerized on board warning system that will be installed in the commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair collision based on the reasoning that by this system the airliners will be able to determine the likelhood of collision & recommend the evasive action is invalid bacause author fails to consider above mentioned flaws.

想了想，2我的思路是：

1必要性攻击，政府的措施并不一定带来预期效果，可能会是很多企业不能支付昂贵的费用而关闭。

2忽略他因攻击，有效的减少环境污染，并不一定需要企业对污染损害进行严格监控，政府的措施也不一定要求企业每年进行详细报告，否则就进行惩罚。还有很多其他很有效的方式，比如政府出资研发更好的设备，减少污染等。

目前只想到两个，欢迎补充！