In its 1903 decision in the case
of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United
States Supreme Court rejected the
Line efforts of three Native American tribes
(5) to prevent the opening of tribal lands
to non-Indian settlement without tribal
consent. In his study of the Lone
Wolf case, Blue Clark properly
emphasizes the Court’s assertion
(10) of a virtually unlimited unilateral power
of Congress (the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate) over Native
American affairs. But he fails to note
the decision’s more far-reaching
(15) impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, the
federal government totally abandoned
negotiation and execution of formal
written agreements with Indian tribes
as a prerequisite for the implemen-
(20) tation of federal Indian policy. Many
commentators believe that this change
had already occurred in 1871 when—
following a dispute between the
House and the Senate over which
(25) chamber should enjoy primacy in
Indian affairs—Congress abolished
the making of treaties with Native
American tribes. But in reality the
federal government continued to nego-
(30) tiate formal tribal agreements past
the turn of the century, treating these
documents not as treaties with sover-
eign nations requiring ratification by the
Senate but simply as legislation to be
(35) passed by both houses of Congress.
The Lone Wolf decision ended this
era of formal negotiation and finally
did away with what had increasingly
become the empty formality of obtain-
ing tribal consent.
According to the passage, which of the following was true of relations between the federal government and Native American tribes?
答案是D
其实做的时候我也选D，现在复，想得多了，反而不明白了，既然原先negotiate是prerequisition,那是不是意思说是必须要negotiate的呢？而不是题目里的sometimes呢？还是这个sometime其实是NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE缘故，因为有时候他们觉得没必要，他们认为政府给出的treaty能够接受。。。。是这个意思吗？
别的答案看了，没什么可选的~~
请牛牛指教！谢谢先！
看这里（我认为的）
But in reality the
federal government continued to nego-
(30) tiate formal tribal agreements past
the turn of the century,
这里讲了federal government 和那个Native American tribes.的关系
我想如果in reality 而且是continued的去negotiation 那么在1871年以前他们也是 negotiation
而且but 是信号词，OG中有很多题目都是通过题眼来解得
Q13、请问一下如何判断答案E错， ，感谢大家花时间帮忙看
According to the passage, which of the following was true of relations between the federal government and Native American tribes?
A. Some Native American tribes approved of the congressional action of 1871 because it simplified their dealings with the federal government.
B. Some Native American tribes were more eager to negotiate treaties with the United States after the Lone Wolf decision.
C. Prior to the Lone Wolf decision, the Supreme Court was reluctant to hear cases involving agreements negotiated between Congress and Native American tribes.
D. Prior to 1871, the federal government sometimes negotiated treaties with Native American tribes.
E. Following 1871, the House exercised more power than did the Senate in the government’s dealings with Native American tribes.
我选E的原因如下：
But in reality the federal government continued to negotiate formal tribal agreements past the turn of the century, treating these documents not as treaties with sovereign nations requiring ratification by the Senate but simply as legislation to be passed by both houses of Congress
我觉得你指出的内容可以说明：
一、treaty with主权国家是需要the Senate批准的,而legislation 则是需要both houses of Congress通过才可生效，
二、但不能就此说明1871年以后在NA事务上，senate比representative的权力就更大。
同意楼上。
其实文章讨论的焦点根本就不是参、众两院谁的权利更大，而是代表政府机构的一方（政府、法院、参、众两院） 与土著部落之间的关系，所有的出发点应由此生。
还是不明白啊，D中sometimes为什么用怎么没解释呢，我觉得D的意思是1871年前，政府只是偶尔才和部落协商，但根据文意协商是前提，即在处理部族问题是必须协商，不是偶尔的问题。
E的话可以理解啊，因为1871年前是senate来决定文件是否通过的，而1871年后是国会决定，也就是在这个问题上senate没有了决定权，凭什么不能说是此时国会在处理此类问题上比议院权力更大？
回去又看了看，终于明白了！！E果然是swlfx说的原因错。
另外D对的原因可能是只有在定INDIAN政策是政府才一定要谈判，而
D并不局限于制定NA政策，所以只能时sometimes(政府不会总是定政策，所以也不会总谈判啊)
But in reality the federal government
continued to negotiate formal tribal agreements past the turn of the century, treating these documents
not as treaties with sovereign nations requiring ratification
by the Senate but
simply as legislation to be passed
by both houses of Congress
e中有一个最重要的错误说：the house 比 the senete 权利大，但是原文中说的意思是以前必须获得the senate 的正式批准，现在 simply to be passed by both houses of congress，both 说明 include bothe the senate and the house, so we can not conclude that the house has more power.
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