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标题: PREP07 Test 2 Q89 &Q90 [打印本页]
作者: alzn2765    时间: 2015-5-10 11:51
标题: PREP07 Test 2 Q89 &Q90

Q89. Complex human traits such as artistic talent or social skill are likely to be shaped by thousands, if not tens of thousands, of the 80,000 or so genes in the human genome.

Key: A

我就是想知道，A is likely to be done by B 是一个正确的结构吗？这句话done这个动作的的逻辑主语虽然可以解释的通，但是各种拧巴啊！

A is likely to do sth中do的逻辑主语是A，动作是A发出的。
A is likely to be done by B中A是done的承受着，B是发出者。
直接用A is likely done by B不是更直接（少转了一个弯）？这里likely是副词，可能地。

关于不定式的被动我记得因为逻辑主语的问题，在GMAC的正确答案中不是很少吗？请高手指点一下。


Q90. Diesel engines burn as much as 30% less fuel than gasoline engines of comparable size, as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases that have been implicated in global warming.

A. of comparable size, as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases that have

B. of comparable size, as well as emit far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases having

C. of comparable size, and also they emit far fewer carbon dioxide and other gases that have

D. that have a comparable size, and also they emit far fewer of the other gases having

E. that have a comparable size, as well as emitting far fewer of the other gases having

Key: A


C中prep07的解释我觉得有问题：
fewer不能同时修饰carbon dioxide and other gases（prep07解释）

首先，gas作为气体解释的时候是可数名词，做燃气，煤气时是不可数名词。
carbon dioxide gas中的gas显然是做“气体”解释，二氧化碳气体，应该是可数的，那么就不可以用less修饰，而应该用fewer。
我们都知道二氧化碳肯定不可能是燃气，一氧化碳还差不多，所以一定不可能有二氧化碳燃气这一说法。
从而，A选项是错误的。

再看C，fewer修饰的是carbon dioxide and other gases，也就是A and B gases，此处gas是“气体”，这是完全合理的。
and also they emit far fewer carbon dioxide and other gases that have 也没有问题。and是连词，连接两个句子。also做副词。

麻烦大家讨论一下这两道题。谢谢！


作者: ukyo2003    时间: 2015-5-10 17:37
楼主太纠结了，official answer is always correct. You can ask why it's correct. But you shouldn't question whether it's correct.
作者: ukyo2003    时间: 2015-5-10 17:41
我也不知道解释对不对，就说一下我的理解吧。
be likely to do, be likely to be done都是可以的，我两种正确用法都见过。这里说genes shape the skill. 没觉得逻辑有大问题啊。

of comparable size, as well as emitting far less carbon dioxide gas and far fewer of the other gases that have
dioxide gas作为一种气体这里说emit应该是说的emit的量，如果是amount的话肯定是不可数less；
other gases是复数形式出现的，应该是说的气体的种类，如果是说kinds of gases那么应该用可数fewer
作者: alzn2765    时间: 2015-5-11 10:43
ukyo2003 发表于 2015-5-10 17:41
我也不知道解释对不对，就说一下我的理解吧。
be likely to do, be likely to be done都是可以的，我两种正 ...

感谢回答！

但我觉得第二题您提供的解释有点儿问题：
amount只能修饰不可数名词，但carbon dioxide gas本身是可数的。gas只有做“燃气”讲的时候才不可数。
所以amount就不能修饰carbon dioxide gas，也就不存在less amount的说法了。
作者: ukyo2003    时间: 2015-5-11 13:50
alzn2765 发表于 2015-5-11 10:43
感谢回答！

但我觉得第二题您提供的解释有点儿问题：

其实我也是谈我的理解，说不上是解释了。
因为就文中含义的理解，作者谈到carbon dioxide gas的时候应该是infer 排出的量，废气量；而谈到其他几种气体的时候infer的应该是会制造几种废气，侧重种类数，所以前者用不可数后者用可数。

我不知道你为什么说carbon dioxide gas是可数的？能举个例子吗？我不太理解为什么一个气体是可数的。比如：
Carbon dioxide gas is a gas that can either be made by human chemical process or by natural process. 这里我觉得可数没有问题，强调是一种气体，这里是种类可数不是气体本身是可数的。

但是要说气体的量：The carbon dioxide gas in the car accumulates to such a high degree that the environment becomes poisonous. If we can turn on the air condition to exhaust the waste gas or make it less, people sitting inside car will have less risk. 这里我觉得就是说的不可数，应该用less来形容，而不应该用fewer.
作者: ukyo2003    时间: 2015-5-11 20:13
ukyo2003 发表于 2015-5-11 13:50
其实我也是谈我的理解，说不上是解释了。
因为就文中含义的理解，作者谈到carbon dioxide gas的时候应该是 ...

我今天查一题的时候发现了Ron对less和fewer的解释，应该可以回答你的问题。
fewer用来修饰可数，可以用整数unit度量，每个unit之间分离的事物，也就是离散的整件事物；
如果是线性计量的东西，continuous measurement，不适合用fewer，而适合用less。
这里回答你的问题，为什么carbon dioxide gas需要用less，因为gas的量是线性计量的持续的量，而不是离散整数计量；gases强调的是气体的种类，种类最小单位是一种，每种之间是离散的，所以用fewer。
我相信这个解释能让你满意。

you only use "fewer than" with what are called [size=14.0084037780762px]countable items.
strictly speaking, this means things that:
1) ONLY exist in whole number quantities (i.e., you can't have, say, 5.5 of them), and
2) are actually separable from each other.

for instance, people, shirts, books, etc. all satisfy these two criteria. you can't have decimal quantities of any of those things, and each unit is separable from the other units.

specifically, [size=14.0084037780762px]you don't use "fewer than" with NUMBERS + UNITS OF CONTINUOUS MEASURE, such as gallons, years, feet, liters, etc.
this isn't really an exception to the rule, anyway, since those units fail both of the criteria above. for instance, if i have N gallons of something, then (1) fails because i can easily have a decimal number of gallons, and (2) of fails because the gallons are not physically separable quantities -- just one big mass of fluid.

examples (all are correct):
[size=14.0084037780762px]i have less than 5 gallons of gas in my tank (continuous unit of measure)
BUT
[size=14.0084037780762px]i have fewer than 5 gallon jugs of milk in my refrigerator (physically separable, countable items)

[size=14.0084037780762px]i have fewer than 20 quarters in my wallet (physically separable, countable items)
BUT
[size=14.0084037780762px]i have less than 20 dollars in my wallet (continuous unit of measure -- you can have decimal numbers of dollars, and "$20" doesn't actually refer to 20 separate items)
作者: Nicoleubc    时间: 2015-5-27 15:25
第一题，其实就语感来说我觉得it is likely to do something 才是正确的表达吧。。。可以看这个链接对于likely的解释http://www.thefreedictionary.com/likely 而且likely to do 才能表将来和表不确定啊，如果是likely ＋现在时，比如 are likely shaped，那就是事实上就是shape了的，那就不需要用likely了嘛

第二题， 为什么fewer不能同时修饰carbon dioxide and other gases 呢？你的理解前一部分是对的，那就是carbon dioxide也是gas的一种，但是gas作为一种具体气体是不可数的（因为你无法数气体啊。。。我有一个二氧化碳？），只有在表示很多种气体的时候才可数，比如我知道三种气体。所以是less gas （carbon dioxide）and fewer other gases。这里不能把carbon dioxide和other gases 看成A and B gases 的原因是，这个的a＝carbon dioxide 而 b＝other gases ，a 和 b 虽然在说两个差不多的东西但是也是两个名字。不能像做数学题那样，归类整理以后统一单位哦



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