21. Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
If the voters’ reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
(A) Whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.
(B) When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
(C) Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.
(D) Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.
(E) When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.
答案是E，不明白文章不是说责任在于多数党的时候不会导致在位者的REELECTION,那么E说PARTY会受到惩罚不是错了吗
The passage discusses the blaming of scandal on parties and the blaming’s effect on party incumbents’ reelection.
A is out, because it discusses individual incumbents, not parties.
B is irrelevant, because the accuracy of the blaming judgment is not of concern.
"Rightly blamed" or not in C is not concerned in the passage.
D, whether scandal "can practically always be blamed on incumbents" and "challengers" factor are not of concern in the passage.
E is the right answer. E says when the blaming can be assigned to a party, that party should be punished (i.e. its incumbents voted out). It explains the two scenarios described in the passage:
- When all parties are equally blamed, they are equally punished -- no one party is punished more than the others. So the blaming has no real effect on party incumbents’ reelection.
- However, when one party is blamed, it is punished. So it's incumbents lose.
P.S. my friend hedonism555 also provided another good explanation here: http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=66&ID=101681&page=1
I'm flattered.
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