7. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific finding, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientist, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct the experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.
(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.
(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.
(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.
WHY A?
11. “If the forest continues to disappear at its present pace, the koala will approach extinction,” said the biologist.
“So all that is needed to save the koala is to stop deforestation,” said the politician.
Which one of the following statements is consistent with the biologist’s claim but not with the politician’s claim?
(A) Deforestation continues and the koala becomes extinct.
(B) Deforestation is stopped and the koala becomes extinct.
(C) Reforestation begins and the koala survives.
(D) Deforestation is slowed and the koala survives.
(E) Deforestation is slowed and the koala approaches extinction.
WHY B?
7. 文章说发表前不需要检查，A指出一个实验在发表后和被验证前可能有很长的时间，也就是说这么长的时间内大家都在用错误的结果，所以发表前应该先检查。B说了发表前会被检查。C和B同理。D不能weaken,因为D说careless reporting会多于fraud,而文章的论据是这种careless马上会被exposed and rectified。E更说明了不需要再验证了，因为错误的机会太少了。
11. 从biologist中不能推出deforestation stops and koala won't extinct.因此B可能发生，但politician已经完全否认了。
7. 文章说发表前不需要检查，A指出一个实验在发表后和被验证前可能有很长的时间，也就是说这么长的时间内大家都在用错误的结果，所以发表前应该先检查。B说了发表前会被检查。C和B同理。D不能weaken,因为D说careless reporting会多于fraud,而文章的论据是这种careless马上会被exposed and rectified。E更说明了不需要再验证了，因为错误的机会太少了。
11. 从biologist中不能推出deforestation stops and koala won't extinct.因此B可能发生，但politician已经完全否认了。
请问，哪里可以看出来“发表前不需要检验”？
文章第一句是：There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. 我的理解是：“科学家的文章发表前必须被确认”是没有任何理由的。这句话难道就可以推出作者结论"发表前必须无需被确认"吗？
寂寞的人, 只能自己回答自己的问题.
若第一句不是很能看出作者的态度, 看后面: Poor scientific work...is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatroy results. 且文章第二句又奠定了有这样一个检查机制: replication.
所以作者的观点只能是: 文章发表前不需要检查.
A就是weaken.
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