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标题: 问逗号后面同位语或者非限定clause到底指代前面那部分，欢迎拍砖 [打印本页]

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-1-29 23:49
标题: 问逗号后面同位语或者非限定clause到底指代前面那部分，欢迎拍砖
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect

A. 是用的同位语，千行解释是a method 就近指military equipment，我的问题是：经常看到同位语跳跃指代，我就糊涂了，这里a method为什么不能指animal-hide shileds with wooden frames。
那么有谁总结一下句中的同位语指代的到底是前面句子的那一部分？怎么判断。

请解答

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-1-30 00:28
我有时候看到这样的结构，A with B of C in D, 同位语, 这个同位语是修饰A还是B还是C还是D？

作者: kiwifoodtown 时间: 2015-1-30 09:13
A选项，显然是作为military equipment或 essential items of military equipment的同位语。但a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears显然不能很好的解释前面的名词，所以这里需要用protecting状语对主语 shields进行补充说明。

另外，同位语一般只对前面临近名词的修饰，对于像essential items of military equipment这样的复合词，可以看成一个词（中文意思是基础军事装备），而这个同位语就是对这个整体的修饰，不需要区分。一些个例除外。

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-1-30 10:54

kiwifoodtown 发表于 2015-1-30 09:13
A选项，显然是作为military equipment或 essential items of military equipment的同位语。但a method to p ...

谢谢，你对这道题的解释还是很清晰的。另外还有三点不是很理解的地方：

1. 我的理解是同位语不是通过逻辑判断是修饰那一个名词，而是通过位置判断，依据就近touch原则，对吗？
2. 另外我觉得单复数也可以决定，如果同位语是单数，其最前面touch的名词是复数，那么就应该再往前找，直到找到为止。
3. 对于这样的结构，A with B of C in D, 同位语, 这个同位语是修饰A还是B还是C还是D？D显然是地理位置名词，如果同位语是名词但是不是位置名词，是否语法上也是修饰D，而逻辑上判断错误？

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-1-30 21:25
还有人点评一下吗

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-1-31 15:21
今天温习了一道题，对非限定限定的成分又有点怀疑了。见题

In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled bv tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.

这里which我认为是指代tourist，因为touch原则最近，所以其中一个错误就是which指代错误，要么用who，要么换其他方法指代到moisture上；但是我看OG上并没有指出这个错误。难道which是跳跃指代moisture吗？怎么辨别的，为什么不是tourist?

还是这个问题，当我们看到A with B of C by D in E的时候，这里D是位置名词但也可以是city什么的，后面非限定的which clause到底指代是谁？怎么判断？谢谢大家拍砖啊。

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-2-2 08:52
就没人回答吗？我和一个朋友讨论结果是touch原则还是有效，就是修饰tourist

作者: ukyo2003 时间: 2015-2-3 14:29
感觉一直没人答得上来啊，只能靠自己慢慢找，有没有大神来拍一下把我拍懂啊？

看这个CD的解释就否定了可以修饰前面介宾成分内的名词，只能跳跃修饰主语

In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson- Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.

(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced
(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced
(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as
(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as
(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it

千行里面CD上的解释：为什么ABC的work就能修饰translation？"of the Iliad" is an essential prepositional phrase describing the noun "translation". It tells us exactly what translation we are talking about . . . the translation of the Iliad. Because of this, the modifier following is describing the translation, the subject of this noun phrase. A modifier won't refer to something in a prepositional phrase.

我糊涂了呀，语法结构不是touch原则吗？这里是个同位语，为啥语法上不能修饰Iliad，如果换成别的句子呢？Pope began his translation of the book, a work that describes a story in 19th centry. 这样语法上又可以修饰book了吗？
这里到底是语法决定还是含义决定？

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