og 49 which修饰哪个名词 OG128 OG208 - ChaseDream

49. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.

若只看题干（不考虑题干正确性），这里的which应该优先修饰Uranus还是moons?

从就近原则，应该修饰Uranus,但是修饰成分的中心语为moons，which应该优先修饰谁？

同样，另类似一结构：名词1 of 名词2， which... 若名词1是中心词，which应该优先修饰哪一个？

关于代词的指代问题，我想下面几点是明确的：
1) 并无就近指代的规则，如果看到代词就将其等同于前面最靠近它的、在数上与其一致的名词，肯定是错误的。不仅如此，我们也不应该以就近指代的思路想问题；
2) 从句中的做主语的代词优先指代主句主语。这是ETS认可的规则。但注意是“优先”，不是“永远”，否则下面的句子就无法解释了；
12. The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.
(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival
3) 逻辑判定是无比重要的。如果“优先指代”使得句子不通，则需要通过逻辑来判定其指代的对象。当然，这也适合于没有“优先指代”规则可用的情况；
4) 我们不应该试图寻找（实际上也不存在）一条简单的、适用任何情况的通则来判定代词的指代对象。正因为如此，代词的指代问题才具有挑战性，代词指代才能成为ETS喜欢的考点。如果一条简单规则就可以搞定所有题目，那还有考的必要与价值吗？（好比说前人曾提出的“就近指代”的规则就是一种寻求通则的尝试，但这肯定是错误的。在ETS的字典里，绝对没有这条规则）

1、OG 的缺省认为that从句指代A and B. 我以前很少看到这类的用法。不知道我的理解正确与否？

2、派生出另一个问题，如果在B后面有逗号，然后which+复数v.，是否也能一样？

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

Choice E, the best answer, clearly and grammatically expresses the idea that two costly procedures, irrigation and the application of... fertilizer, were required by earlier high-yielding varieties of rice.

208. Teratomas are unusual forms of cancer because they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone not normally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.

(E) in that they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues （E）

Without such repetition, A and B imprecisely state that the tooth and bone, as opposed to the tissues, are not normally found in the affected organ.

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."

(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is

这题虽然OG解释中没有说明that修饰谁，但从逻辑意思上判断that 是修饰crests and troughs的。所以说that指代无歧义，对不？

A and B that的修饰问题，我觉得that从句一般都是修饰A and B的。

首先不可能修饰A, 因为隔了一个B, 会引起歧义。其次，如果说修饰B的话，我觉得会造成不平行。也就是说, A和B是并列的成分，凭什么B要用定从，而A没有。

而A of B that的修饰，需要根据逻辑，或者语法的单复数来判断修饰对象。

A and B that的修饰问题，我觉得that从句一般都是修饰A and B的。

而A of B that的修饰，需要根据逻辑，或者语法的单复数来判断修饰对象。

再补充一点：如果A and B, who中who要修饰A，则改为：A who, and B.否则有修饰歧义。

OG27. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen j and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(A) Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(B) Published in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.

(C) Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

(D) The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.

(E) The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem.

以下是引用gjgjie在2005-5-21 23:30:00的发言：

which 不能指主句吗？能告诉我，这句话对吗？

I read Englsih very day, which heips me improve my English a lot.

谢谢！

莫力语法中提到，除了as可以指主句外，其他连词都不可以。

以下是引用scorpio0001在2005-2-5 22:05:00的发言：

非限定性定语从句中which的指代

49. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.

若只看题干（不考虑题干正确性），这里的which应该优先修饰Uranus还是moons?

从就近原则，应该修饰Uranus,但是修饰成分的中心语为moons，which应该优先修饰谁？

同样，另类似一结构：名词1 of 名词2， which... 若名词1是中心词，which应该优先修饰哪一个？

上述例子中, which修饰Uranus. 题干中circling Uranus修饰moons, 有些语法书上面, 把分词修饰归结为非限定修饰, 类似非限定性定语从句(但表意功能没有非限定定语从句强烈), 一般来说, 一个非限定修饰成分是不可以跨过另外一个非限定性修饰成分进行修饰的, 这一点在OG中多处可见.

另外一类, 名词1 of 名词2， which ...此类结构中, which是可以修饰前面的名词1或者名词2. 这是因为, 定语从句可以修饰它之前的中心词或者最近名词.

对于所谓的就近修饰原则, 个人认为并没有错, 但这个规则中并没有规定修饰的是中心词还是非中心词. 其实定语从句是都有可能修饰, 这一点在章振邦语法上有详细说明.