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标题: 语法求教 [打印本页]
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-28 21:51
标题: 语法求教
24-28: Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if they find a new job before they are terminated.
A) the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package
B) the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for it at the automobile company’s severance package
C) their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package to workers.
D) their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company’s severance package is available to workers.
E) the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company’s severance package is available to workers.
答案：e
ABC明显错误，可DE中的their和they难道就没有指代不明问题吗（ packages和 workers都是复数啊）
另外还有一题whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are。。。
这个选项错误OG给的解释是their can refer to either rhinoceroses or tourists所以不对
可在这个选项中horns明显不能是tourists的啊（不符合逻辑啊）那为什么会指代不明呢
我对指代问题很鸡肋，完全不会啊。。
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-29 09:06
dingdingding
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-10-29 09:33
我觉得答案是D
1. D中的their和E中they都指的是workers，因为它们都出现在which从句里，从句的主语是workers
2. E：the last day that they are scheduled to collect
这句话可以理解成 the last NOUN that they are scheduled to VERB，意思变成workers are collecting days，而不是collecting packages, 改变了句意
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-10-29 09:43
至于这句whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are... 楼主你可以试试以下两种断句：
1. whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses / after their horns are...
这句话的主语是tourists，发出了两个动作visit和see，两个动作发生在after their(tourists‘s) horns are...明显说不通，tourists怎么会有角呢？
2. whether tourists will continue to visit game parks /and/ see rhinoceroses after their horns are...
这里在and处断句，and前后是并列关系，前半部分主语是tourists怎么怎么样，后半部分主语是rhinoceroses ，这里的their指的就是rhinoceroses啦
综上，their can refer to either rhinoceroses or tourists
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-29 12:14
yatina 发表于 2014-10-29 09:33 
我觉得答案是D
1. D中的their和E中they都指的是workers，因为它们都出现在which从句里，从句的主语是worker ...
谢谢解答，在这还有两个疑问1按照解答，是说they和their指代所在句子中的主语，而并非是主句主语对吗（也就是说就算主句主语有N多复数名词，只要they their所在从句只有一个从句只有一个复数名词那么就不会指代不明对吗）
2There is only pronoun ambiguity is a pronoun could LOGICALLY refer to more than one thing.http://www.beatthegmat.com/companies-investors-and-governments-must-t83141.html#367679，对于ambiguity的解释是当代词逻辑上指代符合多个名词复数是，才是ambiguity，那么第二题 they只能指代rhinoceroses啊，因为 tourists的话不符合逻辑，那么怎么会指代不清呢，求教
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-10-30 11:53
wangwanwang 发表于 2014-10-29 12:14
谢谢解答，在这还有两个疑问1按照解答，是说they和their指代所在句子中的主语，而并非是主句主语对吗（也 ...
Q1. 关于they和their的指代问题
我解释的不清楚，让我们重新梳理一下
首先看懂主干：Unlike packages, the automobile company’s severance package is available to workers.
再来细看D选项...packages, which require workers to stay until the their last scheduled day in order to collect...
which从句修饰的是packages，也就是说 packages / require workers to stay until the their last scheduled day / in order to collect...
翻译为：包裹/要求工人们等到工人的最后工作日/来收集。而不能说等到包裹的最后工作日，人才有工作日。注意是workers collect packages。
同理E选项...packages, which require workers to stay until the last day that they are scheduled to collect...
这句中又出现了一个定语从句the last day that they are scheduled to collect. 请注意that指代day，变成了day被工人来搜集，workers collect day，改变句意。
楼主的问题“也就是说就算主句主语有N多复数名词，只要they their所在从句只有一个从句只有一个复数名词那么就不会指代不明对吗”过于绝对化，需要具体问题具体分析。楼主需要多读来熟悉英文的表达习惯。
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-10-30 11:57
wangwanwang 发表于 2014-10-29 12:14
谢谢解答，在这还有两个疑问1按照解答，是说they和their指代所在句子中的主语，而并非是主句主语对吗（也 ...
第二个问题我没看懂，犀牛句子中没有they呀？解答不了。。。
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-30 20:58
yatina 发表于 2014-10-30 11:57
第二个问题我没看懂，犀牛句子中没有they呀？解答不了。。。
谢谢，我明白第一个问题了，第二个问题我没问清楚是这样的，关于代词指代的ambiguity问题，我从曼哈顿语法论坛上看到一个staff是这样说的“There is only pronoun ambiguity is a pronoun could LOGICALLY refer to more than one thing”他的意思是不是说一个代词可以从逻辑上指代前面多于一个的名词（就是说逻辑上前面两个以上的名词都没问题)才会造成歧义？所以犀牛那题their前面虽然有 tourists rhinoceroses但是tourists是可能有horn的啊，所以不符合逻辑啊，应该不会歧义啊？？那为什么OG解释却说their歧义了呢？？求解
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-10-31 09:57
wangwanwang 发表于 2014-10-30 20:58
谢谢，我明白第一个问题了，第二个问题我没问清楚是这样的，关于代词指代的ambiguity问题，我从曼哈顿语 ...
A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are trimmed.
(A) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses after their horns are
(B) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one once their horns are
(C) whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns have been
(D) if tourists will continue to visit game parks and see rhinoceroses once the animals’ horns are
(E) if tourists will continue to visit game parks to see one after the animals’ horns have been
楼主如果不看意思，单纯从语法角度，their确实是既可指代tourists，又可指代rhinoceroses，还可以指代parks的吧？虽然指代人和公园不符合我们的常理认知。那么回归这道题，ABC选项明显是一个组的，C里纠正了AB选项their的指代问题，那么可以判断这题确实是在考pronoun ambiguity.假如说这道题五个选项都含有their，那么说明这道题不考指代，不存在歧义。
我又翻了一下MANHATTAN指代这一章的笔记，有句话不知可否帮助你理解这道题：any “NEW COPY” that or those agree in number with the previous version. If u must change number, repeat the NOUN. Wrong: Her company is outperforming THOSE OF her competitors.
Right: Her company is outperforming THE COMPANIES OF her competitors.
然后我自己总结了几条避免指代歧义的方法：
1.重复指代对象（C选项就是这么做的）；
2.用such+n或this/these/those+n 代替代词；
3.用一个n概括指代对象
总之，具体问题具体分析，还是以理解为主。不知道这样解答帮助到楼主了么？
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-31 20:30
yatina 发表于 2014-10-31 09:57
A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers; the question ...
Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, （if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but） probably not cause planetwide destruction.
A. and, if it strikes Earth, it can do tremendous damage to part of the planet but
B. and, if it would strike Earth, part of the planet could experience a tremendous amount of damage but it would
C. and that, if it were to strike Earth, could do tremendous damage to part of the planet but would
D. and that, if Earth is struck by it, can do part of the planet tremendous damage, but it would
E. and that, if it strikes Earth, it could experience a tremendous amount of damage but，
谢谢这个题我完全明白啦，可不可以再帮忙看下这个，E选项要怎么分析it的指代错误呢，因为前面有earth所以指代歧义？？关于指代我一直没找到规律，我也记得Ron 说过指代不能作为做题的最关键选择，所以我一直避免用指代不明这一条来排除选项，可有些题就必须判断指代问题，我实在鸡肋了
作者: yatina 时间: 2014-11-1 09:11
wangwanwang 发表于 2014-10-31 20:30
Scientists have identified an asteroid, 2000 BF19, that is about half a mile wide and, （if it str ...
楼主下回要贴出答案。我就以C为答案解释了。以下为楼主演示我是怎么做这道题的：
1.读懂题干：Scientists have identified an asteroid；
2.2000 BF19是asteroid的名字；
3.接下来是一个that从句，修饰asteroid，说asteroid的wide；
4.看到AND！！！马上意识到存在平行关系；
5.发现后面是一个虚拟语句，说的还是asteroid的事儿（按照句子顺序翻译的：如果asteroid撞击地球，将产生巨大的危害对部分地球来说，但可能不会造成全球范围内的毁灭）；所以AND前后是平列关系，以非划线部分为标准，应该为由AND连接的两个that从句；所以排除了AB选项，因为没有that；
6.接下来对比CDE；C没啥问题，留下；
7.D，主动改被动，不如原来直接明了，且变成Earth can do damage，改变句意；这里有两个it，第一个指的是asteroid，第二个不知道是指代Earth还是asteroid，再次歧义；D out；
8.E，还是有两个it，第一个无疑是asteroid，因为that从句修饰的是asteroid，而it指代上文出现过的内容；第二个it就危险了，因为上文又出现了新名词Earth，那么it指代就出现歧义了，E out。
关于指代问题的练习，楼主随便找一篇文章，把出现的代词圈出来，分别对应相应的先行词，多看看就OK了。
作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-11-1 09:43
yatina 发表于 2014-11-1 09:11
楼主下回要贴出答案。我就以C为答案解释了。以下为楼主演示我是怎么做这道题的：
1.读懂题干：Scientist ...
恩下次一定贴答案的，谢谢，我觉得明白啦不少，我去找找关于指代的例句
作者: Hendy 时间: 2014-12-28 03:33
楼上两位都很强大圣诞节都不休息
作者: 糕糕哟 时间: 2016-3-14 16:04
可是一般情况下不是说一道语法题中的一个it指代的就是一样东西吗？为什么D/E这里又会出现歧义呢？不可以理解成从头到尾都是指代小行星吗？
作者: askfjaw 时间: 2018-2-24 10:01
同意！
作者: Joysaint 时间: 2020-7-19 22:59
想请教一下犀牛这道题，Manhattan上说有before和after表明动作发生顺序时，没有必要使用完全过去时，比如Laura locked the deadbolt before she left for work。OG答案说A选项里要把horns are改成horns have been，可是选项里已经有after了，表明了tourists visit是发生在horns are trimmed之后的，那A选项把are改成have been到底是不是必要的呢？
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