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标题: 请教which指代问题 [打印本页]

作者: Nagi 时间: 2014-9-23 18:57
标题: 请教which指代问题

School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces any future need for busing.

A. significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces

B. significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reduces

C. increase housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduces

D. increase housing integration significantly, in turn reducing

E. significantly increase housing integration, which, in turn, reduce

答案是A。Just focus on A:
如果A是正确的，那which应当指代housing integration后面reduces作为housing integration的谓语动词，问题：
1. 根据句子意思，应当是increases in housing integration这件事导致了未来busing的need降低啊，但A的意思是housing integration这件事本身导致reduce
2. manhattan里有专门讲过跳跃修饰，其中有一条称作a mission critical modifier falls between如下：

This modifier is often an Of-phrase that defines the noun. The lessimportant modifier refers to the noun plus the firstmodifier.

Right: He had a way OF DODGINGOPPONENTS that impressed the scouts.

ü Here, the"mission-critical" modifier of dodgingopponents defines the noun way.Without this modifier, the noun way isalmost meaningless.

ü In turn, the modifier that impressed the scouts modifies the entire noun phrase a way ofdodging opponents. It helpsthat the relative pronoun that cannot refer to humanopponents, according to the GMAT

难道只有Of才能跳跃修饰吗？这里which是否可以跳跃修饰Increase呢？我当时做的时候因为觉得which修饰Increase, reduce主谓不一致所以把A排了。

综上，更理想一点是不是siginificant increases in housing integration, which, in turn reduce...
这里which修饰Increase, reduce和increase主谓一致？

希望大神解答，谢谢。

作者: lainemai 时间: 2014-9-23 23:05
其实which的跳跃修饰非常灵活，你可以参考一下OG13上的一道语法题，那是唯一一道跳跃修饰的题目就是emily DICKSON letter的那道题，给你归纳一下which的跳跃修饰

Which指代小结—by aeoluseros：
1. 尽管A of B的结构，which没有就近修饰。
561. One pervasive theory explains the introduction of breakfast cereals in the early 1900s as a result of the growing number of automobiles, which led to a decline in horse ownership and a subsequent grain glut; by persuading people to eat what had previously been horse feed, market equilibrium was restored.
2. which不一定跳过插入语指代：
462. Judge Lois Forer’s study asks why some litigants have a preferred status over others in the use of a public resource, the courts, which in theory are available to all but in fact are unequally distributed between rich and poor.
3. 通过单复数判断which的所指：
80. Changes in sea level result not only from changes in water temperature, which affect water density, but also from the melting of glaciers.
44. The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global warming.
这是PREP08版笔记里的小结，其实大部分时候which 是指代前面的词的，而且这道题确实是house integration导致了后面的事情，LZ不用想太多，其实语法最大的原则是没有歧义，如果前面的两个名词，很明显后面的句子只能修饰一个名词，那就是可以跳跃修饰的，因为没有歧义啊，但是譬如说后面的句子可以修饰XY两个都成立，就是有歧义了，无法跳跃修饰的。
which非限制定语从句 which 不能指代前面的整个句子，但是没人规定说不能跳跃修饰，其实最大前提还是无歧义，主要无歧义可以跳跃修饰的。

作者: Nagi 时间: 2014-9-30 21:09

lainemai 发表于 2014-9-23 23:05
其实which的跳跃修饰非常灵活，你可以参考一下OG13上的一道语法题，那是唯一一道跳跃修饰的题目就是emily D ...

多谢了哥们！写了这么多先回再看！

作者: lainemai 时间: 2014-10-1 08:38

Nagi 发表于 2014-9-30 21:09
多谢了哥们！写了这么多先回再看！

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