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标题: 有关比较重的省略问题 [打印本页]
作者: ecogo 时间: 2014-6-23 10:25
标题: 有关比较重的省略问题
现在在整理资料，发现对于比较重的省略越来越晕了，本来本着之前做题的原则做的题换了另一题就成不对了。我把我做的归总贴上来，大家帮我看一看吧，实在愚钝，晕在比较省略的箱子里了。
定要有可以平行比较的部分，不然不能省略
★To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
×more than now 应该改为 they do now
这里now作为状语没有与其平行的副词，所以than后面需要有成分能够与a great deal平行，不然就变成了great deal和now比较
A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago. ×应该改为 it was five years ago
The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been more pronounced than in recent debates over environmentalism and pollution control.
这里有never和in recent debates相对应，所以其他的可以省略
而现在出现这题了，正确的句子是：
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than in any previous election.
这个句子中只是单个名词(proportion)的比较，所以不需要考虑than后面补出主谓，只补出介词短语就够了，不用担心后面的介词短语in any previou election没有平行对象
有的说要有平行对象才能省略，有的说么看有平行对象不用担心，因为只是名词的比较？？？
作者: brfmzbjz 时间: 2014-6-23 16:36
你最后一句话说的问题看不懂 请rephrase一下
原则上 比较什么东西 前后就都需要写出来
比较前后相同的部分 都可以省略
最后那个例子
比较的是 the proportion in the presidential campaign of 1992 和 (proportion) in any previous election
因此可以省略主谓
作者: ecogo 时间: 2014-6-23 17:09
brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-6-23 16:36 
你最后一句话说的问题看不懂 请rephrase一下
原则上 比较什么东西 前后就都需要写出来
啊啊啊，谢谢，我明白了，最后一句表达不清楚也没关系了。
因为a greater proportion 是同位语，其实已经带有了 in the presidential campaign of 1992的属性，因此in any previous election是有平行的比较对象的，所以 than 之后的比较可以省略名词，只留下 in any previous election.
感觉这个题型这样看可以总结一下啦。
比较中常有的，今年的数据和往年的数据比较，或者今年的行为和往年的行为作比较。有的比较中可以省略主干只留下in any previous election，有的不能省略。重点在于，句中是否有和in previous election平行的成分。
刚才做到的GWD的一题刚好抓起来看(GWD-6-Q18)
In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent. 这个句子是错误的，因为没有Hispanics修饰部分和a decade ago平行（比较的是Hispanics今夕所占的proportion），因此后半句需要补充名词compared with 35% a decade ago.
但是如果是Hispanics加上一个修饰 Hispanics today under the age of...more than 43%， comapred with a decade ago... a decade ago就有相平行的成分了，因此可以省略（如果忽略35%这个内容被删除的错误）
再来一个经典的省略的
in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.
不知道这样说明对不对.
作者: brfmzbjz 时间: 2014-6-23 18:15
ecogo 发表于 2014-6-23 17:09
啊啊啊，谢谢，我明白了，最后一句表达不清楚也没关系了。
因为a greater proportion 是同位语，其实已 ...
原题是什么？
我印象中不是这样的
不是时间在compare
是两个percentage在compare
把原题贴出来看看吧
最后那个例子还原是
more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than (babies were born to women) under it(the age of thirty)
babies和babies的比较
但是因为前面的部分都相同 所以省略了 只保留了不同的修饰语
作者: ecogo 时间: 2014-6-23 19:18
是两个proportion在比较,然后这两个proportion属于不同的时间
关于这一点我一直都很晕来着
原题：
In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.
A. In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.
B. Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43 percent of them are Hispanic, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.
C. Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35 percent a decade ago.
D. Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43 percent, whereas it was about 35 percent.
E. Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43 percent, unlike a decade ago, when it was about 35 percent.
作者: alzn2765 时间: 2014-6-24 18:54
ecogo 发表于 2014-6-23 19:18
是两个proportion在比较,然后这两个proportion属于不同的时间
关于这一点我一直都很晕来着
原题：
你给的这到例题是典型的代指题：ABDE中的it都没有指代对象（it前根本没有单数名词可以代指）。
C中对比的对象也对等：Today, more than 43 percent of Californians under the age of eighteen vs about 35 percent a decade ago (of Californians under the age of eighteen)括号中为完全相同的部分被省略。
作者: cielo1020 时间: 2014-6-29 12:37
同晕。或者其实可以逆向思维一下，所有句都补出主谓来看意思，如果不补出主谓会造成歧义的，那么就是不能省略的
作者: ecogo 时间: 2014-6-29 13:51
cielo1020 发表于 2014-6-29 12:37
同晕。或者其实可以逆向思维一下，所有句都补出主谓来看意思，如果不补出主谓会造成歧义的，那么就是不能省 ...
本来做省略的时候也是在想有没有歧义就是可行的，所以没有归类整理，但是到最后自己发现不行，还是要整理。
语感本来就没有好到可以辨别出来的地步，再加上很多题目即使是native都没有办法区别出来是否应该省略，还是应该归总一下的。
我们的大脑本来就对语言的处理合理化，所以很多时候即使有歧义也辨别不出来啊。况且歧义在GMAT里面很多时候不是hard rule的，有些歧义是可以放过的。额，又说晕我自己了
作者: enkyklios 时间: 2014-6-29 16:20
ecogo 发表于 2014-6-23 19:18
是两个proportion在比较,然后这两个proportion属于不同的时间
关于这一点我一直都很晕来着
原题：
还是应该从基本的语法分析，这里显然不是省略的问题
作者: 水皮皮yeah 时间: 2015-12-10 23:03
mark一下我也被这个搞得好晕
作者: CHERRY_MA 时间: 2016-10-24 19:40
比较的问题有时容易辨别，有时又好难啊
作者: paddy114 时间: 2018-1-6 17:19
omg 马克，对比省略·
作者: domifan 时间: 2018-2-6 17:14
同意！
作者: domifan 时间: 2018-2-6 17:34
楼主的提问和解答真的很对我胃口，在此感谢！但是遇到另一道题又让我蒙圈了：
OG10- 198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign
其他选项用主谓一致很好排除，但我想知道正确选项E应该怎么解释才好。
If than is followed by a clause referring to army, the subject of that clause must be singular (it). Furthermore, the verb of that clause will need to be in the past perfect form (had had) because it refers to a time before the simple past of entered. Finally, the preposition for is more precise than in because supplies are gathered for an upcoming campaign. Choices A and C incorrectly use the plural they and the simple past had. Moreover, A uses the less precise in. Choices D and E wisely dispense with the full clause and use a simple prepositional phrase. D, however, uses the imprecise in and the plural their. Only E, the best choice, avoids all the errors mentioned above. 为划线部分提示it：it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
有一个还原是这个样子：[ The structure here is: …far more supplies than (supplies) for any previous campaign…] [form :https://gmatclub.com/forum/although-napoleon-s-army-entered-russia-with-far-more-128057.html
CD自制的prep2008语法笔记的对类似题（见最后）的解答是：这个句子中只是单个名词（这里是supply）的比较，所以不需要考虑than后面补出主谓，只补出介词短语就够了，不用担心后面的介词短语没有平行对象。
真的是这样吗？所以如果只是单个名词的比较，前后名词一致，后者可以省略，后面带什么介词短语都不需要考虑前面有没有介词短语和它对应了嘛？
请大神指教！！
这里CDprep2008的类似题是：
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
a greater proportion than it was
a greater proportion than
a greater proportion than they have been
which is greater than was so
which is greater than it has been
B Correct；原句补完整：Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than（the proportion）（television costs had accounted for of the spending）in any previous election；这个句子中只是单个名词(proportion)的比较，所以不需要考虑than后面补出主谓，只补出介词短语就够了，不用担心后面的介词短语in any previou election没有平行对象
作者: lw902 时间: 2018-8-21 16:20
针对楼上的问题来分享下心得（虽然已经没什么时效性），在CD上看到很多其他的比较省略题，欢迎探讨！
首先说观点，比较省略是相对考点（语法论坛上大佬总结过，绝对考点是可以单独拿出来排除选项的，而相对考点必须比较选项再做出选择，戳 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1325438-1-1.html）。
OG10- 198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign
就像层主说的，根据主谓一致（绝对考点）直接排除ABCD，E选项的确可能补充成“supplies for any previous campaign”更好。
Ron：https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/post113659.html#p113659
1/
DO NOT think of comparisons in terms of "omitted" words.
in the vast majority of correct comparison sentences, NO words are actually "omitted", and NO words can be "put back in" (as you're trying to do here).
2/
you do not have to know HOW TO WRITE comparison sentences.
...because this is a multiple-choice exam.
you need only be able to compare answer choices and make relative judgments. (this is a good thing, because writing comparison sentences is VERY hard--even for native speakers of english--and is nearly impossible for english learners to master fully. on the other hand, it's not nearly as hard to make relative judgments.)
3/
Don't make comparisons more complicated than they need to be. Just use pure parallelism to make this decision.
所以这道题不需要太纠结E。
那么当绝对考点都正确，仅仅分析“比较省略”的问题时，该怎么办？我同意楼主说的，看than前后成分是否平行：
感觉这个题型这样看可以总结一下啦。
比较中常有的，今年的数据和往年的数据比较，或者今年的行为和往年的行为作比较。有的比较中可以省略主干只留下in any previous election，有的不能省略。重点在于，句中是否有和in previous election平行的成分。
【例】Soaring television costs accounted for more thanhalf the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greaterproportion than in any previouselection. 有平行对象，所以proportion可以省略
【例】In 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it. 有平行对象，所以women可以省略
同样的平行思想不仅可以用在名词比较题上（如上述两个例子），还可以用在动词比较：
【OG18-731】To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
D. would have to know a great deal more thanthey do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
【解】排除完后只剩下DE，唯一不同在于“than they do now”/“than now”。E选项than之后只有now，然而than之前没有时间状语和now平行，错误。D选项虽然也没有时间状语和now平行，但是demographers know与they do now平行。所以相比之下，D更好。
CD自制的prep2008语法笔记的对类似题（见最后）的解答是：这个句子中只是单个名词（这里是supply）的比较，所以不需要考虑than后面补出主谓，只补出介词短语就够了，不用担心后面的介词短语没有平行对象。
真的是这样吗？所以如果只是单个名词的比较，前后名词一致，后者可以省略，后面带什么介词短语都不需要考虑前面有没有介词短语和它对应了嘛？
见Ron 3/，也许你会发现这个方适用于众多真题（我也不清楚），但是这个方法有点武断，如果你已经习惯用这个来解题了，那也挺好。如果还没有，可以试试看用平行思想来解。比较省略（相对考点）的问题不可以脱离其他选项分析，最好在排除绝对错误后比较分析:p
作者: 小陈冲鸭 时间: 2018-10-29 13:32
Mark一下！
作者: 小陈冲鸭 时间: 2018-10-29 14:02
啊 谢谢…好像有点明白了
作者: Joyce710 时间: 2018-11-25 16:44
我也好晕，这究竟是什么东西
作者: 布鲁布鲁澜 时间: 2019-2-19 10:29
mark
作者: Richardyoung 时间: 2019-2-25 09:13
同意！
作者: Aloe呀 时间: 2019-11-8 15:38
Mark一下！
作者: liyaz 时间: 2019-12-28 20:13
Mark一下！
作者: 冲鸭冲鸭歆歆子 时间: 2021-10-19 20:22
感谢分享！
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