2、举例:(题目来自OG12 CR)
101. For a trade embargo禁止出入港口 against a particular country to succeed, a high degree of both international accord协议,一致 and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving that country must be sustained. A total blockade封锁 of Patria’s ports is necessary to an embargo, but such an action would be likely to cause international discord冲突 over the embargo.
The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?
(D) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.
分析:P1给出了embargo俩条件。P2给出了P国不能同时具备着俩。C:P2≠P1。就是答案D!
102. Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italy in the eighteenth century. The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater . Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent暗示的,使人想起…的 of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx, Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy.
The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that
(D) the performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim
分析:
P1 LF是18世纪意大利写的
P2 导演说LF尽量还原原著时代
P3 LF里的角色H让人想到20世纪的作品GM,但是GM是16世纪风
P2=P1,P3=1,所以!!P3=P2结论! 就是答案D!
19. A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computer to those people whose signatures are on file , identifies a person's signature by analyzing not only the form of the signature but also such characteristics as pen pressure and signing speed. Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate复制、完全一样的 all of the characteristics the program analyzes.
Which of the following can be logically concluded from the passage above?
(C) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging signatures.
43. Laws requiring the use of headlights during daylight hours can prevent automobile collisions . However, since daylight visibility is worse in countries farther from the equator, any such laws would obviously be more effective in preventing collisions in those countries. In fact. the only countries that actually have such laws are farther from the equator than is the continental United States.
Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above?
(E) Daytime headlight laws would probably do less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United States than they do in the countries that have the laws.
来几道OG题目给大家加深下理解:
104. Although the discount stores in Goreville’s central shopping district are expected to close within five years as a result of competition from a SpendLess discount department store that just opened, those locations will not stay vacant for long. In the five years since the opening of Colson’s, a non-discount department store, a new store has opened at the location of every store in the shopping district that closed because it could not compete with Colson’s.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(B) Increasingly, the stores that have opened in the central shopping district since Colson’s opened have been discount stores .
分析:这题我做错过好几次,在CD上翻过好多帖子想弄明白,但还是晕!发现强大的代数思维再一次解决了我T^T
P1 S折扣店开张,导致G区的其他折扣店都关门,在未来五年。
C 这些关掉的门面并不会空很久
P2 一种non-discount的C店开了,new store已经在PK不赢C店而倒闭的门店上又开了起来
Y=vacant,X=开的新店。本题的X只有两种可能=discount store和non-discount store
P1告诉我们的是,当X=discount store时,Y成立。Y1=A×X1+B。
P2告诉我们的是,X已经又来了,但是不知道是不是discount!结果GMAC居然就得出了Y一定不成立!是不是很扯!
上面这题偏难,但是很激动我终于想明白了。来道经典的、更经常会考的、简单的例子:
114. Guidebook writer: I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward. Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?
(D) The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolishe
分析:这题是典型的a变量发生改变。
背景:all hotels visited(样本已充足,不要想weaken作者这一点)
P1 quality(1930前)>quality(1930后)
C skill&effort(1930前)>skill&effort(1930后)
方程式就变成了:skill&effort=a×quality+b
想weaken,x和y的关系就从a和b入手。
D选项:a不一样!a(1930前)≠a(1930后)——a是demolish(如果1930前的hotel是demolish了,那么x的影响因子a就不相等了!)
所以原方程式不成立。即skill&effort(1930前)不一定>skill&effort(1930后)
再来一道b不一样的,这种从第三者找原因的题最常考,不过现在看来也最简单了。弄个稍微复杂点的,也就是x是由多个因素构成的:
111. The difficulty with the proposed high-speed train line is that a used plane can be bought for one-third the price of the train line, and the plane, which is just as fast, can fly anywhere. The train would be a fixed linear system, and we live in a world that is spreading out in all directions and in which consumers choose the freewheel systems (cars, buses, aircraft), which do not have fixed routes. Thus a sufficient market for the train will not exist.
Which of the following, if true, most severely weakens the argument presented above?
(C) Planes are not a free-wheel system because they can fly only between airports, which are less convenient for consumers than the high speed train’s stations would be.