ChaseDream
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—34系列】【34-18】科技 [打印本页]
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-4-6 14:05
标题: 【Native Speaker每日综合训练—34系列】【34-18】科技
Hi 大家好! 这是神马节奏啊，一不小心把应该周一发的帖子发表了，本来是因为楼主要出差，怕周一来不及发帖，哎，发帖不易，且发且珍惜，赶紧占座哈，给各位一直泡在CD小伙伴的福利，微博周一发，哈哈！
Part I: Speaker
Illustrated Story Teaches Young Kids Natural Selection
Seven- and eight-year-olds successfully learned basic evolution concepts via a story illustrating differential reproduction rates of fictional animals due to selection pressures. Karen Hopkin reports
Once upon a time, there was an animal called a pilosa that caught insects with its trunk. Some pilosas had wide trunks. Others had skinny trunks. When habitat changes caused their dinners to tunnel underground, pilosas with wide trunks began to starve and die. The pilosas with thin trunks could still reach the bugs. So they stayed healthy and had babies that also had thin trunks. Eventually, all pilosas had skinny trunks and they lived happily ever after. Or they might have, if they were real.
Pilosas were made up by researchers who were exploring whether kids could grasp the concept of natural selection. They found that parables like the plight of the pilosa enabled even kindergartners to get evolution. The study is in the journalPsychological Science. [Deborah Kelemen et al, Young Children Can Be Taught Basic Natural Selection Using a Picture-Storybook Intervention]
Children enjoy explanations, so much so they often invent their own—like, giraffes must grow long necks so they can reach high branches. But after reading about the pilosa, all of the seven- and eight-year olds in the study could correctly explain that the species changed over time because the better-adapted creatures outreproduced those that were less fit.
Maybe early exposure to such complex concepts could help science literacy evolve.
Source:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/kids-learn-natural-selection/
[Rephrase 1, 1:15]
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-4-6 14:05
Part II: Speed
Article2
[attach]141485[/attach]
Lost sleep could mean lost neurons
Time2
Most of us wish we got more sleep. Every night, something — whether it’s children, work or the Internet — seems to keep us up late. Sometimes it keeps us up all night. Often we comfort ourselves with the thought that if all else fails, we can make it up with a few solid nights of sleep on the weekend.
But new research shows that the brain may not be as forgiving as we hoped. While a few extra hours on the Internet may be absolved, all-nighters like those associated with shift work (not to mention parenting) may end up killing off neurons.
There is no question that sleep is important. It cleans our brain cells and helps consolidate our memories. Lack of sleep is blunts our ability to focus, makes us dangerousdrivers and can make us eat too much. Jing Zhang and her
colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia were interested in the effects of sleep loss on the brain. “Many of us have pulled long nights and/or all-nighters, and we think we’re OK,” says Sigrid Veasey, a neurobiologist at Penn and coauthor on the study. “But what is the effect? Is there a compensatory mechanism? Or does the brain pay a price for repeated sleep loss?”
The researchers were particularly interested in the locus ceruleus, an area of neurons deep in the brain stem. The locus ceruleus plays an important role in attention, “fight or flight” and our sleep-wake cycles. But the locus ceruleus is also very sensitive to stress. And late nights can make those cells very frazzled indeed.
To examine how the brain might respond to decreased sleep, Zhang and colleagues put mice in new, interesting environments with other mice to play with and plenty of things to explore. With this mouse playground, the researchers could keep the animals up far past their bedtimes. The scientists looked at mice with normal sleep schedules, mice that stayed up three hours later than normal and mice with a night-shift schedule kept awake during the day for three days straight. In all cases, the mice could get as much sleep as they wanted during the night, their normal active period.
In a paper published March 19 in the Journal of Neuroscience, Zhang and her group showed that three hours of lost sleep in the mouse playground produced an increase in Sirtuin3, or SIRT3, a protein in a cell’s mitochondria. SIRT3 has a lot of functions, and one of them is reducing chemicals called reactive oxygen species. These molecules are capable of binding to and disrupting all sorts of cellular processes. ROS are a natural by-product of a cell’s daily life, but too many accumulating in the cell can get dangerous as the molecules bind to normal proteins, causing damage and eventually cell death.[484]
Time3
By increasing SIRT3 protein when mice stay up late, the brain cells in the locus ceruleus are ready to deal with the ROS. But when the mice partied all night long, the situation reversed. SIRT3RNA levels went down, while ROS levels continued to increase. With three days of eight-hour sleep deprivation, the neurons in the locus ceruleus actually began to die. Napping didn’t make up for the sleep lost.
SIRT3 appears to be a key protein for protecting neurons from damage from ROS molecules during late nights. In mice lacking the gene for the SIRT3 protein, even three hours of sleep deprivation resulted in neuron injury from ROS.
“We didn’t think the brain got injured from sleep loss,” Veasey says. “Now we know it does.” She explains that the next step will be to see if there is similar damage in humans who have done large amounts of shift work, perhaps by examining post-mortem brains. Veasey also plans to see if increasing SIRT3 can protect against the effects of all-nighters.
While it is interesting to see a new role for SIRT3 in sleep, Matthew Hirschey, a cell biologist at Duke University, says that it’s not necessarily surprising. “SIRT3 is a mitochondrial protein, he says, “and mitochondrial function touches so much of biology.” In addition, because every cell in the body has SIRT3 in its mitochondria, increasing SIRT3 might have more effects than protecting your neurons from a late night. “Generally,” Hirschey says, “it appears to be a good thing, but some cancer cells have high SIRT3 as well.”
It will also be important to see if the locus ceruleus can recover from neuron loss, and if it even matters. Zhang’s group did not run behavioral studies to see if the sleep-deprived mice had deficits in attention or memory, or if these reversed with recovery sleep. They also don’t know if neuron loss continues over long-term shift work, or if the brain can adjust. But Veasey says the current findings are scary enough: “All of us in the lab take sleep a lot more seriously than we used to!”[371]
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/lost-sleep-could-mean-lost-neurons
Article 3
[attach]141486[/attach]
The Human Nose Can Distinguish Between One Trillion Different Smells
New research says our olfactory system is far more sensitive than we thought
Time4
You may have heard this one before: Humans, especially compared to animals such as dogs, have a remarkably weak sense of smell. Over and over again, it's reported that we can only distinguish between about 10,000 different scents—a large number, but one that's easily dwarfed by that of dogs, estimated to have a sense of smell that's 1,000 to 10,000 times more sensitive than ours.
It may be indisputable that dogs do have a superior sense of smell, but new research suggests that our own isn't too shabby either. And it turns out that the "10,000 different scents" figure, concocted in the 1920s, was a theoretical estimate, not based on any hard data.
When a group of researchers from the Rockefeller University sought to rigorously figure out for the first time how many scents we can distinguish, they showed the 1920s figure to be a dramatic underestimate. In a study published today in Science, they show that—at least among the 26 participants in their study—the human nose is actually capable of distinguishing between something on the order of a trillion different scents.
"The message here is that we have more sensitivity in our sense of smell than for which we give ourselves credit," Andreas Keller, an olfactory researcher at Rockefeller and lead author of the study, said in a press statement. "We just don't pay attention to it and don't use it in everyday life."
A big part of the reason it took so long to accurately gauge our scent sensitivity is that it's much more difficult to do so than, say, test the range of wavelengths of light the human eye can perceive, or the range of soundwaves the human ear can hear. But the researchers had a hunch that the real number was far greater than 10,000, because it was previously documented that humans have upwards of 400 different smell receptors which work in concert. For comparison, the three light receptors in the human eye allow us to see an estimated 10 million colors. [342]
Time5
Noting that the vast majority of real-world scents are the result of many molecules mixed together—the smell of a rose, for instance, is the result of 275 unique molecules in combination—the researchers developed a method to test their hunch. They worked with a diverse set of 128 different molecules that act as odorants, mixing them in unique combinations. Although many familiar scents—such as orange, anise and spearmint—are the results of molecules used in the study, the odorants were deliberately mixed to produce unfamiliar smells (combinations that were often, the researchers note, rather "nasty and weird").
By mixing either 10, 20 or 30 different types of molecules together in varying concentrations, the researchers could theoretically produce trillions of different scents to test on the participants. Of course, given the impracticality of asking people to stand around and sniff trillions of small glass tubes, the researchers had to come up with an expedited method.
They did so by using the same principles that political pollsters use when they call a representative sample of voters and use their responses to extrapolate to the general population. In this case, the researchers sought to determine how different two vials had to be—in terms of the percentage of different odorant molecules between them—for participants to generally tell them apart at levels greater than chance.
Then the work began: For each test, a volunteer was given three vials—two with identical substances, and one with a different mixture—and asked to identify the outlier. Each participant was exposed to about 500 different odorant combinations, and in total, a few thousand scents were sniffed.
After analyzing the test subjects' success rates in picking the odd ones out, the authors determined that, on average, two vials had to contain at least 49 percent different odorant molecules for them to be reliably distinguished. To put this in more impressive words, two vials could be 51 percent identical, and the participants were still able to tell them apart.
Extrapolating this to the total amount of combinations possible, merely given the 128 molecules used in the experiment, indicated that the participants were able to distinguish between at least a trillion different scent combinations. The real total is probably much higher, the researchers say, because of the many more molecules that exist in the real world.
For a team of scientists that have devoted their careers to the oft-overlooked power of olfaction, this finding smells like sweet vindication. As co-author Leslie Vosshall put it, "I hope our paper will overturn this terrible reputation that humans have for not being good smellers." [442]
Source:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/
Article 4
[attach]141487[/attach]
When stressed, the brain goes ‘cheap’
Time6
When we’re not under pressure, we have time to reflect on the best course before making a decision. In times of stress, however, we fall back on quick and dirty decision making. A new study attempts to clarify how stress changes the way we perform working memory tasks.
Say you are thinking of getting a new car. You have a car but it’s getting old, and it’s time to move on. You might examine different models, check out the miles per gallon in hybrids, save up money and look at different financing methods.
Then your car breathes its last. You can’t get to work. You can hitch a ride for a few days, but you have to do something. Screw miles per gallon and financing. You run out and buy the car you can get the quickest, just like you did the last time this happened. It’s barely within your budget and it’s not as ecofriendly as you’d hoped. It’s probably not what you would have picked when you had ample time to consider. Is it the best decision?
That example shows two different kinds of decision making. Model-based decision making takes all the options into account. You examine the potential consequences of actions, look around at the environment and study all the possibilities. Model-free decision making is more “primitive” in style. Instead of carefully evaluating all the possible choices and outcomes, you just go with what worked best last time. Model-based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision making takes less. [273]
Source:
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/when-stressed-brain-goes
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-4-6 14:05
Part III: Obstacle
[attach]141489[/attach]
Ten Ancient Stories and the Geological Events That May Have Inspired Them
Myths have fed the imaginations and souls of humans for thousands of years. The vast majority of these tales are just stories people have handed down through the ages. But a few have roots in real geological events of the past, providing warning of potential dangers and speaking to the awe we hold for the might of the plan
These stories encode the observations of the people who witnessed them, says geoscientist Patrick Nunn, of the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia, who has studied the links between natural hazards and stories told in the Pacific.
There's no way of telling which came first, the disaster or the story. But tales can provide clues to the past and even help fill in gaps in scientific knowledge about long-ago geological phenomena.
Here are ten ancient stories from around the world and the geology that may have influenced them:
Noah's Ark
In the well-known story told among Christians, Jews and Muslims (and in movie theaters this week), God chose to destroy the Earth with a great flood but spared one man, Noah, and his family. On God’s command, Noah built a huge boat, an ark, and filled it with two of every animal. God covered the Earth with water, drowning everyone and everything that once roamed the land. Noah, his family and the animals on the ark survived and repopulated the planet.
Science: Similar flood tales are told in many cultures, but there never was a global deluge. For one, there’s just not enough water in the Earth system to cover all the land. But, Nunn says, “it may well be that Noah’s flood is a recollection of a large wave that drowned for a few weeks a particular piece of land and on that piece of land there was nowhere dry to live.” Some geologists think that the Noah story may have been influenced by a catastrophic flooding event in the Black Sea around 5,000 B.C.
There’s a natural tendency for people to exaggerate their memories, to turn a bad event into a far worse one. And a global flood is one explanation for something like the discovery of fossil seashells on the side of the mountain, says Adrienne Mayor, a historian of ancient science at Stanford University. We now know, though, that plate tectonics are responsible for lifting up rocks from the ocean floor to high elevations.
The Oracle at Delphi
In ancient Greece, in the town of Delphi on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, there was a temple devoted to the god Apollo. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia would breathe in sweet-smelling vapors emanating from a crack in the rock. These vapors would send her into a state of frenzy during which she would channel Apollo and speak gibberish. A priest would then turn that gibberish into prophesies.
Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discovered two geologic faults running beneath the site, now in ruins. Gas was likely emanating from those fissures when the oracle was in action. But researchers have been arguing over the contents of the euphoria-causing gaseous mix. Theories include ethylene, benzene or a mix of carbon dioxide and methane.
Atlantis
Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote of a great civilization called Atlantis founded by a race of people who were half god and half human. They lived in a utopia that held great naval power. But their home, located on islands shaped like a series of concentric circles, was destroyed in a great cataclysm.
Science: Atlantis probably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilization may have inspired the tale. Among the contenders is Santorini in Greece. Santorini is now an archipelago, but thousands of years ago it was a single island—a volcano named Thera. Around 3,500 years ago, the volcano blew up in one of the biggest eruptions in human history, destroying the island, setting off tsunamis and blowing tons of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere where it lingered for years and probably caused many cold, wet summers. Those conditions would have ruined harvests in the region and are thought to have contributed to the quick decline of the Minoans, who had dominated the Mediterranean from nearby Crete.
The city of Helike in Greece has also been suggested as inspiration for Atlantis. The ancient metropolis was wiped off the map by an earthquake and tsunami in December of the year 373 B.C.
Pele, Goddess of Kilauea
Pele came to Hawaii with her sisters and other relatives. She started in Kauai. There she met a man, Lohi’au, but she did not stay because there was no land hot enough for her liking. She eventually settled in the crater at Kilauea on the big island of Hawaii and asked her sister Hi’iaka to return for Lohi’au. In return, Hi’iaka asked that Pele not destroy her beloved forest. Hi’iaka was given 40 days for the task but did not return in time. Pele, thinking that Hi’iaka and Lohi’au had become romantically entangled, set the forest on fire. After Hi’iaka discovered what had happened, she made love to Lohi’au in view of Pele. So Pele killed Lohi’au and threw his body into her crater. Hi’iaka dug furiously to recover the body, rocks flying as she dug deeper. She finally recovered his body, and they are now together.
Science: What seems like a celestial soap opera actually describes volcanic activity at Kilauea, say scientists. The burning forest was probably a lava flow, the largest the island experienced since its settlement by Polynesians. Lava flowed continuously for 60 years in the 15th century, covering some 430 square kilometers of the island of Hawaii. “If any flow were to be commemorated in oral tradition, this should be the one, because the destruction of such a large area of forest would have impacted Hawaiian life in many ways,” U.S. Geological Survey volcano scientist Donald A. Swanson wrote in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research in 2008. Hi’iaka’s furious digging may represent the formation of the volcano’s modern caldera that occurred in the years after the lava flow.
Rama's Bridge
In the Hindu epic the Ramayana, Sita, the wife of the god Rama, is kidnapped and taken to the Demon Kingdom on the island of Lanka. Bears and monkeys help Rama and his brother Lakshman by building a floating bridge between India and Lanka. Rama leads an army of monkey-like men and rescues his wife.
Science: Satellite images reveal a 29-kilometer line of limestone shoals that stretches between India and Sri Lanka that would have been drowned when sea level rose after the last ice age. It is possible that people were able to cross over the bridge until about 4,500 years ago. But Rama’s Bridge is not the only mythological site buried along India’s shores.
A more recent natural event, the tsunami in the Indian Ocean on December 26, 2004, revealed the truth of the legend of Mahabalipuram, a port city on India’s northeast coast that was said to be home to seven pagodas. Today, only one pagoda, the Shore Temple, exists. But the great tsunami removed centuries of sediment from the ocean floor just off the coast, revealing several submerged temples.[1251]
Source:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ten-ancient-stories-and-geological-events-may-have-inspired-them-180950347/
作者: 小蘑菇开始打怪 时间: 2014-4-6 14:44
什么节奏！
------------
谢谢楼主！~
speaker:
children can learn natural selection even they are young through stories
time2:2:16
it is no use to stay up late in night and want to sleep in weekends to compensate the sleep time
if you stay up late for a long time, it may do harm to your brain
time3:2:21
napping do not make up for the sleep lost
the next step of the experiment is to see whether the result will happen in human brain
sleep lost will have influence on SIRT3 a kind of protein for protecting neurons from damage from ROS molecules during late nights
after the experiment, all the staff pay more attention to their sleep
time4:2:16
human can distinguish almost a trillion different scents by nose
the process of the experiment
time5:2:13
the vast majority of real-world scents are the result of many molecules mixed together
even use the same kind of molecules with just different mixed method,people can distinguish them
the different between two scents must over 49 percentages
there are even more scents we can distinguish because there are more molecules we do not know in the world
time6:1:16
when you feel stressed, you are more likely to make bad decision, for example the car story
there are two kinds of decision making model,one is model-based decision which will make the best decision after many consideration, the other is model-free decision making takes less thinking
time7:7:04
there are some links between the tales and geology, but it is difficult to distinguish
some stories the geology may influence on
the story of noah's ark, some exaggeration
a celestial soap opera actually describes volcanic activity
the great tsunami removed centuries of sediment from the ocean floor revealing several submerged temples
作者: 晓野的野 时间: 2014-4-6 15:14
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
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掌管 5 00:01:33.04 00:10:57.25
掌管 4 00:02:35.62 00:09:24.20
掌管 3 00:02:05.73 00:06:48.57
掌管 2 00:01:59.74 00:04:42.84
掌管 1 00:02:43.10 00:02:43.10
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被主页菌催工了 T T
补完坑，跑步去勒
作者: xiaofan0205 时间: 2014-4-6 18:47
占个首页~~~
Speaker:
Children can learned basic evolution concepts via a story illustrating differential reproduction rates of fictional animals due to selection pressures. Use pilosas as an example, they could explain that the species changed over time because the better-adapted creatures outreproduced those that were less fit.
Time2: 3'08"
Time3: 2'01"
New research shows that lost sleep may end up killing off neurons.
There is no question that sleep is important. It cleans our brain cells and helps consolidate our memories. Lack of sleep is blunts our ability to focus, makes us dangerousdrivers and can make us eat too much.
We don’t know if neuron loss continues over long-term shift work, or if the brain can adjust, but the current findings are scary enough.
Time4: 2'02"
Time5: 3'08"
New research suggests that our olfactory system is far more sensitive than we thought.
Noting that the vast majority of real-world scents are the result of many molecules mixed together, so the pariticipants were asked to distinguish different vials in the study, and two vials could be 51 percent identical, and the participants were still able to tell them apart.
Time6: 1'30"
Model-based decision making takes all the options into account.Model-free decision making is more “primitive” in style. Model-based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision making takes less
作者: TaoRs92 时间: 2014-4-6 19:14
谢谢！！速度的最后一篇好像以前读过？越障特别喜欢，准备找剩下的看看~~
time:2:33.17
Many people lose sleep and even choose to stay all night.But our brain will actually be harmed by this choice--our neutrons may be damaged.
Locus is sensitive to stress.Cells may receive harm because of lack of sleep.
Experiment to study the influence of losing sleep on our brain.Mouse lose three hours sleep--an increase of a protein S--S deals with ROS,which when exceed normal rate,will bond with other ones and damage cells.
_________________
time:1:48.73
But when the mouse stay all night,S will not have enough ability to deal with ROS,and ROS will damage neurons and cells of Locus.
Significance--losing sleep has damage to our brain.
Futher finding--cancer cells have high S.
Flaws and other things to be explored--whether brain can recover from the damage of locus.whether this is matter(no experiment to study whether those mouse lose memory or..).whether brain can adjust by itself.
_________________
time:1:32.49
Human nose is more sensitive than people usually think.From 10000 to a trillion different smells.The old one is only estimated number,not based on data.
Part of the reason why people didn't notice the possibility is that,it is more difficult to find out the exact number of smells human nose can distinguish,compared with the different light human eyes can seperate.
_________________
time:2:29.73
All things are combination of different molecules.Use combination,30 molecules can create much more mixture of smells.
Prcatical experiment--use probability and small samples to represent the general public.
Result--two vials 51% identical,people can still distinguish them.51% is the most identical rate--so human nose can at least distinguish a trillion different smells.
__________________
time:1:13.60
The example of choosing cars in two different situations--free time and stressed.
Two patterns of thinking:
model-based,take all options into account,need focus and thought
model-free,go for choices work best last time,take less focus and thinking
___________________
time:6:25.36
Tales and its related scientific evidence.
Noah's Ark--not a global flood,but a flood that drowned a particular piece of land--exaggerate.
Oracle in a temple--two faults in ruins,gas which its components are not fully discovered yet.
Atlantis--not a real place,but may be a real civillization that once existed and ruined by volcano erupption.
Pele and her sister--volcano activities,forest fire.
Rama's bridge--sea level rose and geological bridge.
作者: yinghua9122 时间: 2014-4-6 19:51
我说呢，怎么17没有，直接来了个18. 楼主辛苦，谢谢啦~~~~
Speaker
kids can understand complex concepts through your explaination. Researchers do a survey in the kidgarden, even 8 year old childen can get concept of evolution from the P- an animal- story. P has two kinds of trunk, thin or wide, but after the environment changed, wide-trunk P couldn't get food, so they died. Thin-trunk P lived and have offsprings.
Article 2 4'28
There is no doubt that sleeping is important. But many of us who stay up or even not speep all night always have an idea that we can make it up in the later day. Now scientists have found that this idea is just a illusion. In the moce experiement, if mice are awake all night long, STR3 will get down, ROS increased, which will kill neurons cells later, and this situation can't be changed by napping.
Article 3 4'49
Human can distinguish one trillion dofferent smells. In the past, we think we can just distinguish 10,000 different scents, which is from satistics, not experiment or test. Now there are researchers do a experment to know the more exact number human can distinguish. This is a tough work.
Article 4 1'33
when our brain in stress, we always do model-free decisions which is not good enough, compared with the model-based decision. We are forced to do the decision, because it's the ultimate time, we have no choices but to do.
Obstacle 8'02
美好的神话故事寓言故事，其实是在说真实的事，真实的灾难。
作者分别给出了5个故事，和5个对应的科学解释。
作者: MAGGIEHE1993 时间: 2014-4-6 20:00
首页！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！谢谢楼主~~~~~~~~~科技文看着轻松多了
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Speaker: By studying the living habits of pilosa, kids at kindergartners may be able to learn the natural selective process.
time2: 2min 56"
time3: 2min 19"
Researchers have recently found that late night sleep deprivation can cause death of neurons. The expriments on mice
have proven the finding. Further research is to be done to confirm whether human brain have the same mechenical
as mice.
time4: 1min 47"
time5: 2min 33"
Researchers have just found that human beings are able to distinguish a trillion of different smells, a finding that
is very different from the estimate made in 1920s. Researchers used the extrapolate method and have found that human
beings are more sensitive to odors than we thought to be.
time6: 1min 31"
When we are under pressure, our brains are cheaper and make worse decision. The writer gave an example of making a
car-buying decision. The example shows two different kinds of decision making: model-based decision and model-free
decision.
Obstacle: 8min 27"
The passage is about 5 myths and corresponding science explanation.
作者: 疏离无罪 时间: 2014-4-6 21:22
这什么节奏。。。。
Speaker: New study shows that kids can learn the concept of natural selection much well by a story.
01:44
New study shows that decreasing in sleep may lead to the increase of SIRT3,which can affect cell health,especially cells about the attention.
01:18
Decreasede sleep may increase SIRT3 and then decrease it sharply,which will make neuron be injured by ROS.Neuron may even die.Lack of sleep will harm our brain.
01:30
Human can distinguish more than one trillion scents.But we rarely use our ability in our daily life.And it is hard to test this ability as our vision and auditory.
01:35
Majority of scents are the mixture of may molecules.So with several molecules,scientists can creat many scents.Then describe the experiment made by researchers and how they get the conclusion.
00:39
Stress can relfect our performance greatly.People in high stress are more likely to make bad decisions.Stress can change our decision-make model.
05:31
Ten ancient tales that may influenced by ancient geological phenomena.These stories roots in realgeological events of the past.
作者: triway 时间: 2014-4-7 16:21
Obstacle
8'28''
There is an important relationship between the myths and the true geologic observations, we use 10 examples to describe it clearly.
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article2
Based on the recent researches, a loss of sleep may cause the damage of the neurons, because the SIRT3 go down while the ROS goes up, the mice in the laboratory can be an evidence that the deprivation of sleep may kill the neurons. But we don't know yet if it's adapt to the humans.
article3
people can observe much more scents than we thought before, because the statistics in 1920s is not as accurate as that now, more than one Trillion odors can be recognized by the human noses.
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article4
There are two sorts of decision making models. The first one is model-based decision which requires more concentration, more thoughts and more consideration. The second is model-free decision which is made when you are under the pressure, and when you have to decide it immediately in a rush.
作者: billhwm 时间: 2014-4-7 17:44
1,children natural selection people should use sample tale to explore children 's talent
2 people can smell at least 1trillion .broken up the usual thinking that human not a good smaller by examine 26 people
3ten tale that may really exist one noah arh god want people die but noah ,noah beg for a arh thatcan save many things belong to him ,real thing is some flood in many diffrent culture,maybe happened in bla ck sea. two temple gas ,,,,,3a opera movie three people love and destroy happen in hawii ,real thing vocanal eruption 4india brige monkey some animals make it and rama run through it from india .real thing maybe now undersea india and some where have a stone brige linked
4 sleep problem napping can not recovery the damage from less sleep ,make a test use mice less 3hours can make some thing in cell high therefore other thing low,cancel cell also high if serious make cell die
作者: 风随心动01 时间: 2014-4-7 19:05
占个座，谢谢cherry~
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-4-7 19:45
Speed
3'09"
2'04"
1'46"
2'41"
1'17"
Obstacle
7'00"
作者: 饼干小熊 时间: 2014-4-7 20:49
今天文章很有意思，然后就忘了计时了....................................
作者: ieveline 时间: 2014-4-7 22:21
天哪。。。要是这节奏。。。
谢谢楼主！
Speaker
An example made up shows natural selection.
Young children could understand natural selection by this example.
This method could be used to explain other complex theory to children.
Speed
1--02:48
People often stay late for some reaons or even stay whole night.
Scientists use mice in the lab, make mice stay later than usual or over night to find out the effects of lack of sleep.
Study shows that lack of sleep produced a protein which reduce chamicals, which can bind to and disrupt all sorts of cellular processes.
And ROS may cause damage and eventually cell death.
2--02:01
SIRT3 appears to protect neurons from damage by ROS.
But lacking the gene for the SIRT3 protein, even lack of hours of sleep results in neuron injury from ROS
SIRT3 has functions more than protecting neruons from a late night, cancer cells have high SIRT3.
Further study should be carry on the recover from neuron loss, relaiton between sleep-deprived and attention or momery deficits, human neuron loss with long-term shift work and so on.
3--01:56
Old theory said human can only sense 10000 kinds of smell.
The figure is underestimated.
Recent study shows human nose can distinguish beween something on the order of a trillion different scents.
Test oldfactory is more difficult than test sight or hearing.
Three receptors in human eyes allows us to seen an estiated 10 million colors, 400 different smell receptors should work far geater than 10000.
4--02:56
Smell, such as the one fo a rose, is result of some unique molecules in combinaiton.
In the study, 128 combination is used.
Researchers found people can distinguish two smell which 51% identical apart.
And 126 molecules indicates participants can distinguish between at least a trillion different scent combinations.
Since many more molecules exist in the real world, the figure should be higher.
5--01:49
Model-based decision making, aka, decision making when you have time and out of pressure, take all the possibilities.
Model-free decision making, aka, decision making when you out of time and being a lot of pressure, take less of time and think less.
Obstacle--07:47
Myths reveals geological events.
Noah'Ark was used to warning people about huge flood, such as catastrophic flooding event in the Black Sea around 5k BC.
The Orcale at Delphi, the temple was ra real plece and natural gas emanting.
Atlantis is not a real place, but can be connected to a real civilization which was ruined by vocano eruptions.
Pele, Goddess of Kilauea actually describes volcanic activities.
Rama's Bridge was acutally existed in the history.
作者: hemodata 时间: 2014-4-8 00:09
Speaker:
Kids can learn complex scientific concept by listening to stories. An example mentioned in the postcard is that, researchers told children a fiction story about P, a animal with different kind of trunks. In the story, as environment changes, Ps with thin and tiny trunks survived because this character helps them get more food. From this story, children understand basic concept of evolution.
我发现我还是很容易说话说半句就停顿在那里，感觉就是脑子没再转，又不能脱口而出
而写字就好得多
其实好像我中文也是这个毛病，大概就是想得慢。。。看看英文怎么养成想好了再说的习惯吧==#
作者: TINGYI-2014 时间: 2014-4-8 01:01
第一天做题目就到这个时候了。神听力，听了四遍才理解什么意思。哎，弱爆了。
速度：
3‘13
3’16
2‘23
2’54
1‘41
11’40
今天太晚了。争取明天做记录。
楼主辛苦！
作者: 云游 时间: 2014-4-8 07:37
really appreciated!
Speaker:Introduction of the die-out of certain animal will enable kindergarden children to better understand the concept of revolution, therefore improving the science literacy as a whole.
Time 1:2'22'' We may consider it's possible for us to offset some deficiency in sleep by sleeping for more hours in weekend, but actually, scientific research has proveded that lost in sleep would possibly reduce quantity of neurons.
Time 2:1'43'' Experiments have vindicated those effects existed in mice, and will take similar effects in human being. This result is scary and has horrified those hard-working scientists to spend more time on sleeping.
Time 3:1'37'' Out of our previous assumption, human-being can actually sense 1 trillion different cells. However, we are yet able to accurately test it by far.
Time 4:2'13'' Tests have been conducted to vindicate that human-being can distinguish different cells.
Time 5:1'20'' Model-free test may take less time and less money in a purchasing.
Obstacle: 3'41'' Mythological data may provide scientific hints on their geographic origin.
作者: bluewind48 时间: 2014-4-8 10:02
time2 03:09 if we lose sleep, cells could be killed.现在就没睡醒状态。。。
time3 another biologist from Duke claimed that the experiment above might not enough to make such conclusion. It will also be important to see if other cells could adjust such situation, and if the mice had dificits in attention or memory.
time4 01:52 human beings could distinguish one trillion different smells, so our noses are far more sensitive than we thought.
time5 02:50how did the experiment performed
time6 our brains might give a bad dicision when we are under pressure, because we considering all the elements involved.
这第六篇是警钟啊！可以翻了好多相关来看！原文不完整可惜打不开链接。
看来复习时候要专心，但要减轻心理压力
作者: cherry6891 时间: 2014-4-8 11:31
Obstacle 7:40
--A few of tales handed down through the ages have rooted in real geological events of the past.
--there is flood in that place but not as large as the the one in tale. It is a natural tendency for people to exaggerate their memories,to turn a bad event into a worse one
--Plato wrote a special civilization called Atlantic who lived in utopia
Article 2 4:25
Loss of sleep may result into less neurons
--how loss sleep could kill neurons?
3 hours later than normal--increase SIR3 to protect cells against ROS(cause damage to cells )
No sleep all night--decrease SIR3 level-ROS level increase-neurons died-naps or make up can not reverse
--functions of SIRT
They did not run behavioral studies and not sure whether the brain can adjust after long time shift work
Article 3 4;20
Article 4 stress can influence our decision
--under pressure-less thought about situation-do primitive decision
--pressure free-take all the options into account
作者: olivia瓜瓜 时间: 2014-4-8 12:01
Time 2: 2m21s
Decreased sleep may affect the locus ceruleus, the deep neuron part in the brain stem, which play an vital role in individual’s attention.
Through the mice experiment, Zhang and her colleges reveal that 3 hours sleep loss could cause an increase in Sirtuin3,which can disable the oxygen activity in brain.
For writing
>>is blunts our ability to focus
Time 3: 1m49s
When the mice partied all night, the SIRT3 begin to decrease,while ROS levels continued to increase.
Zang’s team have not point out that the sleep-deprived had deficit in attention.
Time 4: 1m35s
New study show hat the 1920’s research outcome that human can distinguish 1000 scents underestimate the human’s ability of nose.
Time 5: 2m09s
The scents are composed of different molecules.
Researchers use almost 128 kinds of molecule to combinate, offering to respondent to distinguish.
Study show that human can at least distinct the trillions different scents.
Time 6:1m21s
如何表现brain cheaper的
,没读懂
Two decision made model.
Model-based decision making: take account almost all the possibilities to decide.
Model-free decision making:take less consideration to decide.
作者: wangziann 时间: 2014-4-8 13:22
Time 2
Lack of sleep leads to the dead of cell in some area of the brain, according to an experiment on mice, and compensation sleep after the overnight staying up cannot counteract the effect.
Time 3
Napping cannot make up the sleep loss because SIRT3 protein increase continuously and the cells in locus ceruleus start to decrease after a peak point and end to die with sustaining lack of sleep.
Different with previous thinking, scientist start to commit that lack of sleep injured our brain.
Though increase SIRT3 can be helpful to reduce the impact of sleep late, high SIRT3 is also relevant to some cancers as well.
It matters if locus ceruleus can recover from neuron loss.
Time 4
It is indisputable that/hunch
The estimation that people can only smell 10000 different scents is disputed by recent study who says the number of scents human olfactory can smell is trillion.
It is hard to get a precise data of scents number human can smell because it is difficult to gauge accurately.
Time 5
The vast majority /expedited/extrapolate
The experiment use one method to test he basic identical substance percentage of the molecules combination and use the text result to estimate the total scents human can smell.
Time 6
Model based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model free decision making takes less.
Obstacle:
The vast majority of story/encode/geologyroamed/deluge/exaggerate/tectonics/elevations
The ancient tales transferred from generation to generation are related to the natural hazard and fill up the gap of science.
1 From the old history of Chirstians, god used to destroy the earth with flood and this story explain why there are seashells discovered on the mountain.
2 Devoted/sacred/euphoria/oracle
作者: 奔奔宝贝 时间: 2014-4-8 14:28
特别喜欢研究人类的科普文，让人忍不住对照自己！ 谢谢Cherry~~~~~
[time 2] 3:24 142wpm
Many people loss sleep during the nights and the may think they're all right and can make a compensation if they sleep other time. Researchers in Penn University did an exeprienment on mice and looked into mice sleep at mornal time,mice stay 3 hours later than normal ones, mice with a night-shift schadule. Although all the mice could get as much sleep as they wanted during the nights, researchers found that the level of one substaince rose in mice with 3 hours' sleep loss .This substaince can reduce the amount of ROS. Too much ROS can make the cells dangerous.
[time 3] 2:18 161wpm
While level of S3 can increase and clean the ROS for the mice with 3 hours' sleep depletion, that in mice with whole night sleep depetion decreases and the level of ROS continue increasing. That will make nureon cells in a certain part of the brain die. A biologist stated that, however, in some cancer calls the levvel of S3 is high. Although the research team didn't do further researches, the members of the team began to sleep normally as long as they could.
[time 4] 2:15 152wpm
People used to think that human nose can only distinguish between 10000 different scents A new research has found that human nose can distinguish between a trillion different scents. That means people used to far underestimate human nose's ability. The 10000 estimate made in 1920 wasn't based on technical means.
[time 5] 3:00 147wpm
Researchers used 128 different odorant molecules and mixed some of different concentrations to make a trillion different scents theoretically. The participants were told to distinguish an outliner from two identical odors. Researchers found that, when two odors are 51% same ,human can still tell them apart. The researchers then applied the lab result to the general population with the same method pollsters use. They also pointed that, the result was underestimated because there are much more odoe muleculer in the real world.
[time 6] 1:45 156wpm
There're two kinds of decision making: model-based and model-free. When we are not stressed, we ofen use model-based decision making and think about many possibilities and outcomes and make a wise choice. When we don't have ample time, we ofen use model-free decision making and just think about things last happened and ofen make dirty decisions.
[obstacle] 9:15 135wpm
There're lots of myths in history. Some of the stories were not based on nothing. Historians say that some of the stories reflect the geographic events in histiroes. Among the stories are Noah's ark, Rama's bridge and Atlantis.
作者: 奔奔宝贝 时间: 2014-4-8 14:29
补上speaker~~~~~~~
[speaker]
There once lived an animal called ploser. There were ploser with wide trunk and those with thin trunk. When the habitats changed, wide trunk plosers starved and died out, while thin trunk plosers survived and had babies. This story was made up by researchers who are exploring whether kids can grap the concept of natural science. Chindren enjoy explainations. With stories like this, young kids can explain that species change over time because the environment outreproduced those were less fit.
作者: simonleo 时间: 2014-4-8 15:27
Speaker
By illustrating story, even kindergarten kids can understand evolution and seven- and eight-year olds kids learn natural selection. Maybe early exposure to such complex concepts could help science literacy evolve.
Time 2 4:18
Sleep is very important.Many all-nighters believe that they can make it up with a few solid nights of sleep. Reseachers through doing experiments on mice examine how the brain might respond to decreased sleep.
Time 3 2:59
The reseach show us that the brain got injured from sleep loss.
Further researchs are in need but this research is already scary enough.
Time 4 1:58
People was estimated to can only distinguish between about 10000 diffrent scents. But a new research show that the figure is underestimated.
Time 5 4:24
Clarify the process of the research and the approach used in the research.
Time 6 1:54
Clarify how stress changes the way we perform working memory tasks. Unsing an example to show us two different kind of decision making.
Obstacle 9:38
Some tales have roots in real geological events of the past. The essay provides us five tales and the related geological events that may have influeced the tales.
作者: huwanyue123 时间: 2014-4-8 16:07
Day13
Speaker
Once upon a time there was an animal called P. when the habitant of P changed, the P with wide trunks died while the P with skinny trunks lived because the latter one can reach food.
The illustration of P is just a conception made up by researchers to help the kids understand of natural evolution.
Kids can easily understand this conception when they heard the story.
Speed
Time2
3’06 [484words]
sleep is important and lack of sleep will cause many problems. A group of researchers were interested in the L ceruleus and they put mice in the experiment to study the influence of lack of sleep on the cells.
Time3
2’18[371words]
the experiment of mice shows that even 3 hours of sleep will result in neuron injury. The researchers want to find whether there is a similar effect on human beings.
Time4
2’04[342words]
it is widely accepted that human’s sense is more shabby than animals such as dogs. However, a recent research finds that people’s nose is more sensitive than they previous thought and they can distinguish more than one trillion smells.
Time5
3’03[442words]
researchers tested the volunteers by mix different familiar scents together. The results that people are also good smellers.
Time6
1’21[273words]
When you are under pressure, your “decision making” can be imprudent. An example of car-purchase
Obstacle
7’20
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-8 16:36
小蘑菇开始打怪 发表于 2014-4-6 14:44 
什么节奏！
Hi! Little mushroom~
Good to see you again in the front page! And do not forget to have the passage finished~
Have a nice day!
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-4-8 16:48
饼干小熊 发表于 2014-4-7 20:49
今天文章很有意思，然后就忘了计时了....................................
然后下次考勤的时候就会被善意的忽略……
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-8 16:52
晓野的野 发表于 2014-4-6 15:14
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
Dear Xiaoye~
Have seen you here for such a long time! Can't wait to see your memorization of the passage~
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-8 16:53
yuany301 发表于 2014-4-6 16:08
顶
HEY! Yuany301~
Glad to see you in the front page, and it requires you to finish reading the passage within 3 days to keep your front seat.
Have a good day!
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-8 16:56
TaoRs92 发表于 2014-4-6 19:14
站啊啊啊！！，
Dear TaoRs92~
I know you are clear about the front page rule and need me to say nothing. So I'll just waiting to see you write down your ideas about the passage.
Wish you a nice day!
作者: TaoRs92 时间: 2014-4-8 17:03
主页菌 发表于 2014-4-8 16:56
Dear TaoRs92~
I know you are clear about the front page rule and need me to say nothing. So I'll j ...
菌菌刚刚正好在做今天的科技。谢谢提醒，辛苦啦
作者: 画画2013 时间: 2014-4-8 17:25
Speaker
Children can correctly explain that species change over time because of natural selection after reading the story about Pilosa.
So, maybe explosure to complex concepts could help science literacy evolve.
TIME2 2'57
Usually, we think that it does not matter to have less sleep. However, researchers find that people will lost neuron when they lost sleep.
In order to figure it out, Zhang and her collegues did a research.
Time3 2'09
mitochondrial 线粒体的
The finding shows that lost sleep can make neurons begin to die. Though many results of lost sleep are still unkonwn, the researchers said that the current findings were scary enough and pushed them to sleep more.
Time4 2'04
The conclusion of human can identify 10,000 scents was based on an estimation, not on accurate data.
A group of researchers try to figure out of how many scents can human distinguish, and they find that human can distinguish more than 10,000 scents though it hard to gauge human's scent sentivity.
Time5 2'45
The researchers make an experiment to gauge the scent sentivity of human, and then they analyze the result of the experiment and find that people can do distinguish more 1 trillion scents or even more than that.
Time6 1'35
Two different kinds of decision making:
1. model-based decision: you will consider all the possibilities, and exmine the potential consquences of actions.
2. model-free decision: this decision is more like primitive style, and you make the decision according to the decision last time you made.
Obstacle 8'14
5 stories and the real geological events about them
1. Noah's Ark还是柯南里看来的……
This story reflects the large wave that drowned for few weeks a particular piece of land and no one can live in the place.
2.The Oracle at Delphi
The temple was built on two geological faults, and gas was likely emanating from the fissures.
3.Atlantis又是从情定爱琴海看来的……
The real Atlantis may not exist, but Plato may said Santorini was the Atlantis.
4.Pele, Goddess of Kilauea
It seems like a soap opera, but it do reflect the vocanic activity at Kilauea.
5.Rama's Bridge
The bridge was destroyed during the Tsunami in the Indian Ocean.
作者: 画画2013 时间: 2014-4-8 17:28
铁板神猴 发表于 2014-4-8 16:48
然后下次考勤的时候就会被善意的忽略……
老大你太坏了……
作者: 盘腿大王 时间: 2014-4-8 18:20
time2[3'48]
Sleeping is important.If people lack time to sleep that may kill off neurons.
locus ceruleus is an area of neurons deep in the brain stem.The locus ceruleus plays an important role.
Sciences use mice to do the related experiment.
time3[2'52]
Every cell in the body has SIRT3 in its mitochondria, increasing SIRT3 might have more effects than protecting your neurons from a late night.
But they also don't know if neuron loss continues over long-term shift work,or id the brain can adjust.
time4[2'20]
people have more sensitivity in their sense of smell,approximately a trillion different scents, than for which they give themselves credit.
time5[3'33]
the vast majority of real-world scents are the result of many molecules mixed together.
the researchers come up with an expedited method to vindicate that humans have for not being good smellers.
time6[1'52]
Model-based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision making takes less.
speaker:
there was an animal called a pilosa. researchers descripe the animals to help the kids understand of natural evolution and made their science literacy evolve.
作者: 晓野的野 时间: 2014-4-8 19:26
主页菌 发表于 2014-4-8 16:52
Dear Xiaoye~
Have seen you here for such a long time! Can't wait to see your memorization of the p ...
窝来啦~~~~~
XD 本来想晚上做的！
好啦！不给自己的拖延找借口，俺这就补上XD
作者: 西瓜太郎sunny 时间: 2014-4-8 19:41
time2: 1min48''
time3: 1min29''
time4:1min07''
time5:1min31''
time6:45''
可是我觉得我顶多看懂50%。。。按照不能回视
作者: chenyu2436 时间: 2014-4-8 21:05
4-7
time 2 2‘10
a recently research shows that lack of sleep can kills the neutrons in our body. some scientists use two groups of mouse to test their theory in the experiment, and they found that hours of lost sleep in the
mouse playground produced an increase in Sirtuin3, or SIRT3, a protein in a cell’s mitochondria. Therefore, verified their theory that lack of sleep damage the cell.
Time 3 1'55
p1: three days of 8 hours sleep deprivation neurons start to die and napping won't help
P2p3:SIRT3 help to protect the neotrons from lack of sleep/ new thought of testing on human
p4: another role of sirts,may cause cancer.
p5:leave a question here( it will be important to know whether locus Cerberus can recover from neuron loss or if the brain adjust to the lack of sleep
Time 4 2'00
It was once believed that human olfactory system can only distinguish 10,000 smells, however, new research
has shown that human can actually distinguish far more than that. because humans have upwards of 400 different smell receptors which work in concert. For comparison, the three light receptors in the human eye allow us to see an estimated 10 million colors.
Time 5 2’30
giving the test result that human can distinguish a tidal from a identical level of 51 percent. scientists conclude that human are able to distinguish between at least a trillion different scent combinations. The real total is probably much higher, the researchers say, because of the many more molecules that exist in the real world.
Time 6 1'10
author use a car purchasing example to compare two types decision making process,model based decision making skills and model free decision making process.
Time 7 12'50
the awe:惊叹的
although It is possible that myth are just human's imaginations and have past people by people for thousands years to form the contents they do now, geologists have shown that they found some real evidence that can prove some of the stories' content. and the author introduces 10 of the founding.
作者: slave918 时间: 2014-4-8 21:33
time2 2:42
sleep is important. if we don't often get enough sleep, that bad habits would hurt our neuron.
biologists take a experiment using mice to demonstrate that sleep is important and found a byproduct when we don't get enough sleep. That by product would hurt our health.
time3 2:06
the byproduct deed hurt mice's neuron.
biologist try to find out the connections between mice and human to demonstrate whether the byproduct would hurt human too.
time4 2:09
it is well known that god has a superior olfactory sense that human.
in fact, human's nose is not more sensitive than we thought.
scientists take a experiment on 1920s, finding that human nose's sensitiveness. however, other scientists take another experiment to demonstrate that experiment in 1920s is not accurate and find that human's nose is more sensitive.
the difficulty of gauging the sensitiveness of nose may be the reason why we underestimate our nose's ability.
time5 2:27
scientists mix different molecules to create trillions of scents and test people by a special method. the result is that people's nose is not bad.
time6 1:40
To clarify that the stress may influence our decision-making, an example is made.
the result is model-based process is complicated, while model-free process is less complicated.
obstacle 8:48
past stories may be exaggerated by ancient people, these imaginary stories may actually happened.
1. the flood described in the bible may actually a flood in black sea 5000BC
2. in Greece story about gas.
3. some people's home is destroyed by a cataclysm. in fact, a volcanic eruption happened at that time.
4. a soap opera story is based on a volcanic eruption.
5. somebody's wife is been kidnapped, and he saved his wife. the story is based on a natural phenomenon. when the sea lever decreases, a bridge would show.
作者: cindy806178024 时间: 2014-4-8 21:36
清明休假结束～继续跟读～
Time 2: 2"32
Lost sleep will damage the brain, a research on 3 group of mice provide the evidence.
Time3: 2"04
when the mice partied all night long, the brain cells in the locus ceruleus can't deal with the ROS.Further influence of loss sleep to brain need more research.
Time4:1"45
The message here is that we have more sensitivity in our sense of smell than for which we give ourselves credit.
Time5: 2"30
A research indicated that the participants were able to distinguish between at least a trillion different scent combinations.
Time6: 1"19
A example shows that model-based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision making takes less.
Obstacle : 6'31
Some ancient stories give the scientists many information about the ancient geology.
作者: daisyjin 时间: 2014-4-8 22:09
2. 2:49
Loss of sleep may kill the brain cell. Many people hold opinion that they can make up their sleep on the weekend. However, the brain does not think so.
Also, the loss of sleep can make people eat more. Two scientists have always spend all-night to work and they think it's ok. But then they do a reasearch about this issue on mouse.
They put mouse into two group. one is normal sleep, the other is lack three hour group in the night and normal during the day. Then they found that more sleep time lack, more the certain cells produce, probably leading to the dead of the brain cells.
3. 2:25
The study found that SIRT3 protein can protect the brain from the distraction of ROS cells. However, when the mouse loss their sleep, the content of the SIRT3 and ROS is reversed. Even the snapping cannot recover such damage.
What's more, SIRT3 has more benefit than protect the brain cells.
4. 1:55
It is widely now that people's noise can distinguish 1000 species smells, which is less acute than dog. However, the recent study shows that people can distinguish one trillion smells, which is being much depreciated. Because it is so difficult to evaluate the kind of the smells, the 1000 species is calculated by the precise technology. As for the same, people have a vision that can distinguish 10 million colors.
5. 2:04
The experiement done to evaluate the species of smells people can distinguish.
6. 1:26
The decision that is made in stress can cause the brain to be cheap. For example, when you want to change your car, you will probably list out the whole possibility in the decision. However, when there is something in mess and entangle you with timeless, you probably make your decision with time saving, despite the former research on it.
The model-free decision is more primitive and just go with what is considered worked best last time.
obstacles:
It is widely known that tale is always not true. However, it turns out that the tale has the relationship with the truth, no matter what came first.
Then the author introduced ten ancient stories that may have inspired them.
好喜欢科技文！哈哈！感谢lz！！睡眠TT
作者: planetandlucas 时间: 2014-4-8 22:15
Time 2: the article discusses about the effect of losing sleep, and furthermore uses the experiment to prove the researcher's viewpoint. (3:11)
Time 3: SIRT3 changes when mice stay up late. Sleep lost will lead to the death of neurons. Scientists further investigate whether these facts also reflect on humans, (2:47)
Time 4: The paragraph illustrates that human have far more senses of smell than people thought. (2:26)
Time 5: The article further explains why human can smell so many different sense of smell, and moreover use experiment to support and explain the author's standpoint. (2:47)
Time 6: when stressed, the brain gets less efficiency. The article talks about two major decision making models,and they are Model-based decision and Model-free decision model. (1:38)
Obstacle: The article introduces the relationship between ancient stories and geological location. These geological events may give author inspiration to create these tales. Then, five examples are illustrated to further express this theory. (10:24)
作者: tian767 时间: 2014-4-8 23:15
Speaker
7,8 old children can adopt the concept of the natural selection, such as P use his long thin trunk to eat bugs underground. And author think young ppl access to the complex science is good.
T2 1:42
Sleep helps brain refreshing. So the scientist begin research decrease sleep wht would result in the brain by mice-experiment in the lab, and find it will hurt.
T3 1:44
SIRT3’s function to the brain. The scientist didn’t find out the relationship between sleep and brain-hurt, but they know long-term sleep is better.
T4 1:29
Human can recognize more than 1,000 smells
T5 2:03
The researcher mix many smells, and ppl can find out 49% of them. It confirms that human may be not a bad smeller.
T6 2:04
There are 2 kinds of decision making: Model-based and Model-free. When ppl facing stress, they always pick the last one.
O 4:15
Some myths in the science explain
作者: ROLEDAD 时间: 2014-4-8 23:25
[speaker]
by showing that pilosas had skinny trunks can survived when habits changed while other pilosas with wide trunks could not, scientists were exploring whether kids could grasp the concept of natural selection.
the result shows that children enjoy explanations for this kind of phenomenon, which indicating a help for the science literacy evolve.
[speed]
Time2: 3'06''
the lack of sleep cannot be compensated by extra hours afterwards.
to make examinations, scientists examine the locus ceruleus, and put mice in some new environments, which shows that three hours of lost sleep in the mouse playground produced an increase in Sirtuin3, or SIRT3, a protein in a cell’s mitochondria, and probably cause damage and eventually cell death.
Time3: 1'33''
by the experiment on mice, scientists can concluded that brain got injured from sleep, however,there are still many other problems about the SIRT3's function and the recovery of the locs ceruleus.
Time4: 2'06''
we have more sensitivity in our sense of smell than for which we give ourselves credit although it is hard to to accurately gauge our scent sensitivity.
Time5: 2'48''
to examination the assumption, scientists conducted experiments on volunteers to let them identify the outlier.
by analyzing the test subjects' success rates in picking the odd ones out, the authors determined that the participants were able to distinguish between at least a trillion different scent combinations.
Time6: 1'58''
there are two different kind of decision, one is model-based decision which takes all the options into account, and another is model-free decision that is just goes with what worked best last time.
[obstacle]
Tales can provide clues to the past and even help fill in gaps in scientific knowledge about long-ago geological phenomena.
Noah's ark tells about Noah built a huge boat, an ark, and filled it with two of every animal which help his family survived and repopulated the planet. this story was nfluenced by a catastrophic flooding event in the Black Sea around 5,000 B.C.
The Oracle at Delphi turn that gibberish into prophesies, which showing that scientists have discovered two geologic faults running beneath the site, now in ruins.
Atlantis whose home located on islands shaped like a series of concentric circles, was destroyed in a great cataclysm showed that a real island civilization may have inspired the tale that a city of Helike in Greece has also been suggested as inspiration for Atlantis.
Pele, Goddess of Kilauea, whose story seems like a celestial soap opera actually describes volcanic activity at Kilauea, say scientists.
rama's bridge was build by the help of Rama and his brother Lakshman, who lead an army of monkey-like men and rescues his wife and it possibly showed that people were able to cross over the bridge until about 4,500 years ago.
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-4-9 10:14
画画2013 发表于 2014-4-8 17:28
老大你太坏了……
哎呀 只是说明一下残酷的现实嘛…… 
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-4-9 10:15
晓野的野 发表于 2014-4-8 19:26
窝来啦~~~~~
XD 本来想晚上做的！
好啦！不给自己的拖延找借口，俺这就补上XD ...
看我们菌菌现在好有礼貌~
作者: 晓野的野 时间: 2014-4-10 00:57
铁板神猴 发表于 2014-4-9 10:15
看我们菌菌现在好有礼貌~
菌菌以前也好有礼貌的好吧 XD
还有森森怀疑猴哥在打自己的广告
作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2014-4-10 09:25
晓野的野 发表于 2014-4-10 00:57
菌菌以前也好有礼貌的好吧 XD
还有森森怀疑猴哥在打自己的广告
不要猜测 不要猜测 哈哈哈哈
作者: jokerking 时间: 2014-4-10 12:17
spk : children enjoy explanation and akways invent their owns, so deliberately scientific fictions(wide and skinny pilosas） can help child know more about nature selection.
spd: 2.20 we always think lack of sleep seems no harm to the brain, but scientists demonstrated lost sleep cause damage to brain and eventually kill the cells.
2.03 cells' death due to the increse of ROS, SIRT can protect brain from the damage of ROS, but sleep deprivation will inhibit the produce of SIRT. So scientist try to slove the problem of sleep loss by increasing the content of SIRT in brain. expweriment need to be further explored.
1.47 new research proved the number of different scents people can distinguish estimated in 1920s was definately underestimate. we are more sensitive than we originally believed.
2.42 scientists using 128 scent molecules, mixing them in different percentages, 3 vials per volunteer to test whether or not the participants can distinguish these smell. scientists believe hunmans is really good smellers
1.23 there are two different kinds of decision making: Model-based decision making takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision making takes less. 貌似度过~
ob : 6.15 five ancient stories from around the world and the geology that may have influenced them.
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-10 17:08
晓野的野 发表于 2014-4-8 19:26
窝来啦~~~~~
XD 本来想晚上做的！
好啦！不给自己的拖延找借口，俺这就补上XD ...
yeah, let's get rid of procrastination!
作者: NativeStudy菌 时间: 2014-4-10 17:10
TaoRs92 发表于 2014-4-8 17:03
菌菌刚刚正好在做今天的科技。谢谢提醒，辛苦啦
What an coincidence!
Anyway, it's my pleasure!
作者: Christina54 时间: 2014-4-11 13:19
Speaker:
Stories were made up by researchers to see if kids could understand the concept of natural selection. The parables engage kindergardeners to get the idea of evolution.
Time2:03'37''
Lost sleep will lead to the damage even death of neurons. Sleep is important since it cleans our brain cells and helps consolidate our memories. Lack of sleep may harm the ability of concentration because the locus ceruleus, which is an area f neurons in brain stem plays an important role in attention and also is sensitive to stress. In order to exam how decreased sleep would affect the brain work, researchers conduct the mice experiment.
Time3:02'40''
The experiment proved that three days of sleep deprivation caused neurons in the locus ceruleus to die and napping can't compensate for the sleep lost.
SIR3 plays an important role in sleep since its a key protein to protect neurons from injury, but increasing SIR3 may have more effects than just protecting our neurons. Whether the locus ceruleus can recovery from neurons loss still need evidence to testify.
Time4:02'28''
New research suggests that the human nose is capable of distinguishing between something on the order of a trillion different scents.
作者: 小笨蛋0412 时间: 2014-4-12 09:27
speed
3'00
2'39
2'22
2'42
1'19
ob
7'00
There are many myths familiar with many people. Although most of those myths are made up, a few have roots in reality.
We don't know that real events and myths which happened early.
A introduction about ten myths that geology influenced on.
作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-16 07:51
Time2 2'03''
Researchers did experiment to find how brain responds to the decreased sleep and they concludes that lost sleep can cause the death of neuron.
Time3 2'11''
SIRT3 is an important protein in locus that can prevent neurons from damage from ROS. Thus some scientists infer some ways to recover the lost sleep through SIRT3.
Time4 2'12''
A new finding shows that although human have weaker smell sense than dog's ,we can smell more than 10000 different scents, more than previously estimated.
Some researchers did some test to make such conclusion and they expanded these finding to optical sense and hearing sense.
Time5 2'06''
Researchers found that human can actually smell a combination of more than 100 molecules and they can also distinguish trillions of different mixtures.
Time6 1'39''
Stress can make us make poorer decisions and model-based decision takes more focus and thought, while model-free decision takes less
Obstacle: 6'29''
The passage shows us 5 myths and how geology can influence the these stories.
Noah'Ark could be explained by the catastrophic and global flooding.
The Oracle at D : Gas can explain the site of the ancient temple
Atlanties: The real island civilization had existed but it was ruined by volcano
Pele, Goodness of K: Volcano and burning forest
Rame's Bridge: the rising sea level and tsunami may explain several submerged temples
作者: wensd1111 时间: 2014-5-26 14:38
1 A 02:16
2 A 01:49
3 A 01:43
4 A 02:00
5 A 01:27
6 A 05:46
the noa's ark,the flood cover the whole dry land; the atlantis, the glorious city in midterenian; the temple in Greece. the hawai , the geological activity.
historical stories and the scientific clues.
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