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标题: 刷完OG，总结了19个疑问，敬请大家指教！谢谢大家！！ [打印本页]

作者: yuly 时间: 2014-4-1 17:58
标题: 刷完OG，总结了19个疑问，敬请大家指教！谢谢大家！！

刚刚刷完OG第一遍的语法，虐了不止一点点，有一些问题，想请教大家，谢谢大家！

1.新东方的语法老师以前说的，as作关系代词，引导定语从句，例句： He is a good boy, as we all know. 老师说这里as 指代了前面He is agood boy 这一整个句子，我有疑问是，为什么这个是定语从句？还有就是，是不是只有as能够指代整个句子，GMAT里面其他的所有代词（this，which之类）都是不允许指代整个句子的是吧？

2.新东方老师讲的说，在把定语从句简化成后置定语短语的时候，分词形式只与主动还是被动有关，与时态没有任何关系，只能是V-ing或者done，所以 the woman who had picked anapple应该简化成the womanpicking the apple,而不能是the woman having picked the apple，并且说后置定语里面绝对不能是having done的形式，能是having done的形式的觉得是句子简化后做状语而非定语的。可是，我赶脚我确实在OG的某道某个SC题里面看到了用having done做状语额？并且，我想问一下，the man who finish thework first will get the prize按照上面的说法简化之后就应该是不管时态直观主动被动，应该是 the man finishing the work，但是我怎么赶脚 the man to finish the work 更合理呢？什么时候用V-ing，什么时候用to do做后置定语呢？还有那个having done的问题到底怎么回事儿？

3.还有一个是关于OG上面两道题目的就近修饰的问题：

47. In 1713, Alexander Pope began histranslation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion,and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced thegreatest translation in any language.

(A) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic SamuelJohnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

(B) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

(C) his translation of the Iliad, a workthat had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as

(D) translating the Iliad, a work that tookseven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,pronounced it as

(E) translating the Iliad, a work that hadtaken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’scontemporary, pronounced it

这道题里面B选项的a work 修饰的是translation，而不是就近修饰IIiad，但是请看下面一道题：

48. Itis called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rivalin size, North America’s Lake Superior.

(A) Itis called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, which covers

(B) Althoughit is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake onEarth, which covers

(C)Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake onEarth, covering

(D)Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, thelandlocked Caspian covers

(E)Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually thelandlocked Caspian, covering

这道题，答案说A选项里面这个which是就近修饰了Earth，而非修饰中心词lake，可是上一题就没有就进修饰？什么时候是就近修饰，什么时候就不是?

还有这道题的C选项的covering是做了伴随状语，指的是Caspian covers，，但是为什么这里就不能被引起歧义地理解为，covering是在修饰earth或者在修饰largest lake？？

4.然后是OG的65：

65.Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered byscientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than theyhad previously thought.

(A)evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-formsemerged much earlier than they had

(B)evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complexlife-forms than had been

(C)scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emergedmuch earlier than

(D)scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence ofcomplex life-forms than that which was

(E)scientists have gathered evidence which suggests a much earlier

这道题，答案说C是正确选项，但是我会觉得C有问题，不知道为什么这里可以than后面直接跟thought,而不要加that之类的词？还有就是E选项，为什么E这个句子在后面的比较部分有语法错误（我已经知道emergence不简洁）？

5.然后是OG 68

68.Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate back to health,the chief executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months.

(A)executive’s plans wereannounced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18months

(B)executive’s plans,which are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18months, were announced on Wednesday

(C)executive’s plans forcutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets overthe next 18 months were announced on Wednesday

(D)executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months

(E)executive announced plans Wednesday that are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12billion in assets over the next 18 months

这道题，为什么D选项Wednesday之前可以没有on还是正确的？

6.然后是

89. Saltdeposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation inPakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time asthe civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris andEuphrates.

(A) thatflourished at the same time as the civilizations

(B) thathad flourished at the same time as had the civilizations

(D)flourishing at the same time as those did

(E)flourishing at the same time as those were

我知道这里由于原文没有出现过civilizations，所以those是不能用的，也就只剩AB了，然后我选了B，虽然我赶脚确实也没有什么inference显示要用过去完成时，后来答案是A，我想问一下，这里是不是不能用倒装的，所以就算是用过去完成时也是把had放在the civilizations in the NileDelta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates之后而非之前？然后，这里正确答案用了一般过去时，完整的句子应该是thatflourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and theriver valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates did，然后省略了这个did？是不是这样的？为什么能省略这个did？

7.然后想问一下，我以前的认知是try to do是成功做某事，try doing是尝试做某事，那么，在GMAT考试中，try to do 和try doing是否都可以用，有何区别？

8.然后，是og的90

90. Theresults of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the lasttwo years.

(A)which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell

(B)which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after ithad fallen

(C)which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year afterfalling

(D) witha 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling

(E) witha 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen

我想问一下，OG的答案上说这里需要第一个indicator的verb tense要比第二个indicator的tense要晚，可是这个C选项为什么做到了这一点呢？

9.我想问一下：我知道可以说prices are expected torise或 prices areexpected to be higher，但是可以说prices are expected to rise higher吗？就是这道题的B选项：

94.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last becauserefiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were lastyear.

(A)Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last becauserefiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were

(B)Heating-oil prices are expected to rise higher this year over last becauserefiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did

(C)Expectations are for heating-oil prices to be higher this year than last year’s because refiners are paying about$5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did

(D) Itis the expectation that heating-oil prices will be higher for this year overlast because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil now thanwhat they were

(E) Itis expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s because refiners pay about $5 abarrel for crude oil more than they did

10.在GMAT里面，which是否不能用来指代任何的句子？

11.我看到有一个人的语法笔记上写了是说，一般“介词+which=where”代替先行词，但是where不能够指代metaphor places，是不是就是说where可以指代school这样的地点，但要是situation，phenomenon这样的词的话，在GMAT中就只能用介词+which指代，不能用where？

12.我发现我以前认为的某些类似于consider A as/to be B 这样的既可以用as又可以用to be词组在GMAT里面好像经常只承认as 或者to be的其中一个的用法，好像不能用两个？怎么回事？什么时候用as，什么时候用to be啊？

13.又是一道OG题引起的思考：

111. Amutual fund having billions of dollars in assets will typically invest thatmoney in hundreds of companies, rarely holding more than one percent of theshares of any particular corporation.

(A)companies, rarely holding more than one percent

(B)companies, and it is rare to hold at least one percent or more

(C)companies and rarely do they hold more than one percent

(D)companies, so that they rarely hold more than one percent

(E)companies; rarely do they hold one percent or more

这里的A里面的holding，到底什么时候这种V-ing是做主句的状语，什么时候又就近修饰companies呢？

14.还是一道题：

112.Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the FlavianAmphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, was completed adecade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with aone-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, andspectacles.

(A)which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian,

(B)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, begun in A.D. 69, during thereign of Vespasian, and

(C)which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian, and

(D)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during thereign of Vespasian it

(E)officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, which was begun in A.D. 69,during the reign of Vespasian, and

我想问一下，A选项里面的这个which指代的到底是construction of the RomanColosseum还是the RomanColosseum，我该怎么区分？

15.OG的120题：

120. TheWorld Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon mostscientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will createhavoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful totheir habitats.

(A) aphenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossilfuels,

(B) aphenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by humanbeings,

(D)which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burnfossil fuels,

(E)which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned byhuman beings,

我想问A选项为什么错？还有，C选项里面most scientist agree 在这里是做什么成分的？还有E选项语法上有什么错误？

16.OG127

127.Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turnedthe tide of English victories in her country by liberating the city of Orléans and she persuaded Charles VIIof France to claim his throne.

(A) shepersuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne

(B)persuaded Charles VII of France in claiming his throne

(C)persuading that the throne be claimed by Charles VII of France

(D)persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne

(E)persuading that Charles VII of France should claim the throne

我会做这道题，但是我想问一下A选项里面如果把这里的to改为into是否对的呢？现在我知道persuade sb to do 以及persuade不接that从句，但是persuadesb. into doing 以及persuade sbout of doing在GMAT里面是不是对的呢？

17.OG126

126. Theuse of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotionalreactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.

(A)that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses

(B) thatcreates unconscious physiological responses in turn

(C)creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses

(D) tocreate, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious

(E) whocreates unconscious physiological responses in turn

我想问一下，A选项里面的that指代emotional reactions而非individual的原因是不是因为后者做了介词的宾语？还有C选项，为什么答案说这个creating seems to referto lying，我觉得从语法上不可能是lying，而是individual啊？还有D选项，为什么答案说不知道which noun to create shouldattach to？因为我觉得这个tocreate在这里就是指lying啊，它能指reactions吗？还有E选项，我知道这个who逻辑上是错的，但是这个who在语法上能不能代指已经成为介词宾语的individual呢？

18.OG133题

133.Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for theresurgence of the rare Kemp’s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiringthat turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.

(A)requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect

(B) requiringturtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

(D) torequire turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting

(E) torequire turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

我会做这道题，但是我想问一下B选项里面这个是require的哪种用法？在gmat中，承认require的那些搭配：require sb to do？ require +that+ do？还有呢？

19.OG137（终于要问完了~~~）

137.Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer whoreceives popular acclaim while living, often goes into decline after death, andnever regains popularity again.

(A)often goes into decline after death, and never regains popularity again

(B)whose reputation declines after death and never regains its status again

(D) whodeclines in reputation after death and who never regained popularity again

(E) thenhas declined in reputation after death and never regained popularity

我想问一下，B选项，答案说the twoclauses do not describe the same thing是什么意思？还有E选项，答案说因为tenses不一致破坏平行所以不选，但是我做这个题觉得这个选项不好是因为我觉得逻辑上后面的句子也应该用一般现在时。。。平行结构里面不是不要求时态吗，时态难道不是只能context有关，而不与平行与否有关吗？答案咋回事？

作者: lindberghya 时间: 2014-4-2 15:00
楼主复习的很认真，你一定会考好的
回答你的问题，
1. this which之类都不可以指代前面的整句话。只有so可以。有时候可以用同位语'phnomenon'来指代整个句子
2. 后置定语中，现在分词修饰和从句修饰在含义上是不一样的。从你的问题中看的出你已经感觉到了这种不同。v-ing是表示一贯性或者表达目前状态，但是to do带有目的或者还未发生的含义。你说的having done也是正确的：having done的用法和which一样，类似非限制性状语。所谓的having done错误是指不能紧跟修饰名词来使用，要在名词后加个逗号，当做状语来用。og上有道题就是如此：Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. 具体分析CD上很全了，你可以参考下。
3. 你举得第一个例子47题，a work作同位语可以指代前面A of B结构这个整体；48题中，which不可以指代A of B结构这个整体。值得注意的是，A of B， which +clause是GMAC经常考的一个点。一般来说A和B的单复数是不同的，具体指代哪个要看which从句的谓语，而且一般来说是优先指代核心词A；如果A和B的单复数相同，那么要小心，这时候用which的风险就很高。至于covering是doing表伴随，修饰主句主语-caspian，特征是主句必然是系表结构，而且主句主语作为doing的逻辑主语要说得通。之所以没歧义是因为前面有个逗号；如果这里是过去分词修饰，那么即使有逗号，也会有修饰上的歧义。
4. that是suggesting的内容，也就是说that引导了同位语从句。后面如果加that没有指代对象啊。。。因为在抽离出来看就是complex life-forms emerged much earlier than previously thought. 不需要that来帮助理解了。E选项which不能用做限定性定语从句，前面必须有逗号。
5. 因为monday之类的词可以作名词也可以作副词~~~~
6. 倒装是可以用的，而且经常用于这种名词是一长串的句子中。重点是这句话考察的是比较结构，考点就是主语比较。由于比较结构的前半部分只有主谓，所以后半部分即使没有补出谓语用来强调主语比较也没有歧义。关键在于找出来是什么比较（主语比较，宾语比较，还是介宾短语比较），然后考察需不需要补出所有的结构。
7. 理论上try的两个用法都可以。try to do一般要好于try doing；gmac有个规律，verb>adj>noun>verbing；此外，如果后面有平行的动词，也要考虑平行结构的对称问题
8. 因为最后有个after。。。
9. 有比较级的er，就要对应than，over使用错误
10. 是的，看见就秒杀
11. 是的，where只用于先行词是地点的情况。
12. 在GMAT中，consider A B,中间不用as和to be。参见prep08 155题201题 OG11_115题等。。。
13. 逗号+doing用于伴随状语或者是结果状语，这里是结果状语。要就近修饰的话得把逗号去掉，紧贴前面的名词就可以了。详细的doing的使用可以在论坛上搜一下，大牛们都有总结的
14. which指代A of B中的一个。这题语法上两者都可以，但是句意上来看是RC。一般来说gmac要考察这个结构的时候会让A和B的单复数不同
15. 这个句子很特殊。我的理解是从句意上看的。这个事情是已经发生的，那么用不定式的话没有从句来的好；因为不定式有表示将来和目的的味道。此外，global warming是由“人类烧fossil fuels这个行为”导致的，而不是”在烧fossil fuels的人类“导致的。体会一下这个句子意思
16. to 变into是不对的。其他的还有to 变up to/down to
17. individual是人，that不可以指代人。creating的看法我同你一样。等大牛来醍醐灌顶。to create我不太喜欢在这里用一个有表示目的的介词。
18. require sb to do;require (of sb/sth)that+动词原形
19.对选项B，我也没看明白。。。好深奥的概念。但是这个句子明显run on了呀。。而且regain和again啰嗦了。E选项的时态答案的说法正确，要注意时态也存在平行。og上尼德兰人死光光那题就是个例子
从你的问题中学到不少，希望我的看法对你有帮助

作者: yuly 时间: 2014-4-3 20:49

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 15:00
楼主复习的很认真，你一定会考好的
回答你的问题，
1. this which之类都不可以指代前面的整句话。只有so可 ...

谢谢您的耐心解答~~~我再好好研究研究！

作者: 翠花饿了 时间: 2015-3-11 19:54

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 15:00
楼主复习的很认真，你一定会考好的
回答你的问题，
1. this which之类都不可以指代前面的整句话。只有so可 ...

我想问一下47题中，take him 7 years to complete/until completion 区别？考试时可以作为split点吗？

作者: lindberghya 时间: 2015-4-17 23:37

翠花饿了发表于 2015-3-11 19:54
我想问一下47题中，take him 7 years to complete/until completion 区别？考试时可以作为split点吗？ ...

你好，考完很久很久了...说的不对请见谅哦
针对这道题，按照句子意思来看：作者想表达“用了7年才完成”，重点不是说完成前的状态，所以没必要使用until completion。
按照语法优先度来看：在GMAC的潜规则里面，在表达同一个意思的时候，动词> adj > 名词 > doing （这个记得很清楚，而且屡试不爽）。

作者: 四个圈 时间: 2016-9-18 18:34

lindberghya 发表于 2014-4-2 15:00
楼主复习的很认真，你一定会考好的
回答你的问题，
1. this which之类都不可以指代前面的整句话。只有so可 ...

Mark一下！

作者: emmahiggins09 时间: 2016-9-22 07:59
先给楼主赞一个，楼主真的很认真，肯定高分

然后最后一个问题OG137 其实有个很简单的办法
ABD可以直接杀掉了因为regain 和 again 语义重复了；然后就看剩下的C和E，E中在and 这个parallel marker 之后时态发生了变化而且用的是过去时态，逻辑上不是通的，所以只有C是正确的

作者: zoe爱猕猴桃 时间: 2017-10-15 11:03
再来解释一波，完全是为了梳理自己思路，走过路过还望指正。

1.因为前面是名词，做先行词，先行词在从句中做宾语，所以是定语从句。只有as能指代整个句子，相关考点是as引导的比较，as指代前面的句子后面加compared to/with作比较。其他所有代词，楼主举的例子里分成两类，this不能做关系代词，只能做指示代词，后面一定要加名词，不能裸奔，在句中this修饰名词，整体做主语，不存在从句等等形式（估计楼主是打错了），楼主想说的应该是that/which一流，对的在gmac里不能指代句子，而且that指代物，which不能再限制性定语从句中使用（虽然没这个考点），which在非限制性定语从句中指代人物都可以。

2.这里有一个后置定语和定语从句的区别。强推herl大神的区别方法。后置定语强调重复多次笼统时间抽象客观，定语从句强调具体时间地点，动作的一致性。应用到楼主给的例子the woman who had picked an apple 强调的是一个过去已经捡苹果的女人，有时间的限制。（这里还可以用名词定语的限定性来解释，就是将这个女人分类，一类是过去捡苹果，另外一个就是排除过去捡苹果的这一类）而the woman picking the apple，就是单纯不做作的强调一个抢苹果的女人（emm，中文上翻译好像差不多）没有时间限制。如果是the woman having picked the apple这种情况，很明显就是将两种用法混合在一起了，又想强调时间，又不想限制住woman，都让他给占了，哪有这样的好事？至于楼主说的the man to finish the work，跟上面的区分还是很明显的，to do表目的或者将来，一个想要finish工作or将完成工作的男人（这一点跟上面基本构不成考点，因为，to do完全有可能不是the man的后置定语，我觉得按照gmac的逼格finish的逻辑主语应该是主句的主语，或者是歧义！让你把to finish给改了）最后一点，having doing，根据上面所说的，他不能做限制性后置定语，但是能做状语，这个范围就广了，状语不在乎时态，就是跟逻辑主语主被动关系搞好就成，再解释一下加comma的目的，就是为了怕各位小伙伴迷糊，到底having done的逻辑主语是谁！

3.【残缺回答】我对就近修饰要叫声大佬，因为真的不同的题有同的情况啊。但是总体可以总结为如下，同位语修饰名词，你可以把修饰的名词带回同位语的句子，就可以很清楚的知道，IIiad不能做花费七年的主语，另外一种简单粗暴的方法，就是the+n+of本质上是介宾短语修饰名词，重点要放在名词上。当然这也引发出楼主的下一个问题，如果介宾短语可以抛开不看，那么为什么答案还是说which指代的是earth？我的解释是，on earth相比较n of没有强烈的限制，加上which找gmac中的姿态一直都是看见前面第一个名词就指代，前提是跟which后面的宾语单复数搭配。两者结合，造成which也可以指代earth，对于这个问题，我也不想细究了，因为考试也不会考到这里，一般想到这根据其他方法排除or逻辑语义提炼一下就知道谁修饰谁le。
补充：comma+doing做伴随状语，逻辑主语是主句主语，这句话=真理。楼主的意思可能是，如果去掉comma后，名词后面直接加doing，这就从状语变成了后置定语，具体情况查看上面~

4.C选项，经典的主语比较，而且是主语的时间差的比较，这里thought做后置定语，因为前面句子没有宾语，只有主语一个名词，所以不存在歧义，如果要补充我更倾向于加those，指代forms，总之，为了简洁，gmac什么都能干出来。E选项，只有earlier比较级，没有than，比较形式不完全噢，做人做事不地道噢。另外which不做限制性定语从句的引导词，而且这里面thought变成了名词，emm，thought有名词嘛，懒得查，就算有的话也是想法之类的意思，完全改变逻辑语义。

5.受教了。原来还可以做副词

6.之前之后没有那么多讲究，看ron大神和曼哈顿的例句，里面两种形式都有，我觉得普遍来看，gmac出had/系动词在前的比较多（有可能他们认为这是个小障碍，有人会看不出来hhh）另外，楼主提到了倒装这个问题，我觉得这里面没有一定要倒转的标志，有点像 so do i 和so i do的差别，就是强调嘛，翻译出来的重点不一样。
是省略did。原因，主语比较，没有宾语，简洁，省略相同的动词。可以引申出来，当存在宾语的时候，主语比较，不能省略动词，原因是，动词的作用是强调主语能发出这个动作，为了避免造成宾语比较的歧义。曼哈顿最经典的一个例子，我吃苹果比吃你快（歧义是不计较常识的）

7.曼哈顿里明确写了两者的差别，是个小考点。ing是尝试一下，做不做成不一定，to do努力做，很大几率是成功了。另外一个普世的解释是不定式和动名词的差别，不定式强调后面的动词产生的结果是从一个状态变成另一个状态。这也就解释，为什么try to do会成功，因为成功一定会有个变化啊。而动名词强调在某个状态中，他的重心还是在try上。

8.【残缺回答】没明白楼主说的“第一个indicator的verb tense要比第二个indicator的tense要晚”。我是从时间状语上看的，during+一段时间=现在完成时

9.prices are expected to rise higher。rise动词，higher副词修饰，上升，更上升，明显的重复。另外，rise的逻辑主语是价格，价格能否做上升的主语还是个问题，我个人倾向不能，因为应该是价格被……上升？总之怪怪的，要不就是什么东西抬高了价格，要不就是价格是高高的。

10.不能指代（怎么感觉好像说过）

11.【残缺回答】曼哈顿里有说，where可以指代虚拟地点。但是楼主的说法where不能指代修饰性地点，我也隐隐约约在哪看到过。其实我是不太懂修饰性地点指的是啥。 A metaphor is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to something else which is the same in a particular way. For example, if you want to say that someone is very shy and frightened of things, you might say that they are a mouse。这样的词应该不是situation这种虚拟地点吧。
另外补充一个介词+which和where的区别，个人认为where可以做状语，由他引导的从句可能是定语从句or状语从句，这就带来了点未知性，介词+which妥妥的定语从句，介词后面稳稳的加先行词。

12.【残缺回答】as和to be都见过，不过好像考点往往不在这，就没仔细看。向楼主学习，不放过任何疑问！

13.伴随状语，逻辑主语是主句主语啦，没有逗号是后置定语。具体判断方法，还是回归逻辑语义，要知道这个动词的主语是谁发出来的啊。

14.带回去看看啊。罗马什么地方作为什么双耳陶罐而出名，明显不对啊，（原谅我没查词）。一般来说the+n+of的重点都会放在n上

15.A选项，看样子像是省略that的定语从句（能不能省略先不看啊）现象做agree to的宾语，be caused后置定语，明显多了个be。C选项，主谓。E选项，which指代全球变暖，这句话就变成科学家agree 全球变暖be a现象，之前强调的是科学家同意现象是由**引起的，现在变成科学家同意全修变暖是个现象，逻辑语义完全改变。
当然这道题还有好多点，比如到底是谁引起的现象啊等等

16.【残缺答案】不知道为什么，就是不想看这道题

17.A选项，我觉得更主要的原因是逻辑语义，介宾短语解释有时不靠谱。
C选项，敲黑板！这个就是后置定语修饰前面名词，跟伴随状语有本质上的区别。
D选项，问题总是惊人的相似，还记得之前后置定语用to do表示嘛？就在上面不知道哪个回答，我也懒得去看。当时我就在说，to do这个后置定语修饰是很迷茫的，一方面他可以做后置定语，但更多的时候他是做目的状语，前面的名词是他的逻辑主语，而好死不死，这道题里有两个名词，所以就不知道谁应该是他的逻辑主语喽。
E选项，可以

18.【残缺回答】记不太清了，require that 虚拟/加doing（法律法规解释说明时）/to do目的。

19.B选项，the two clauses do not describe the same thing，我觉得楼主节选的是因果逻辑链中的果，所以就emm，有点难懂。我的理解是因为没有连接词，两个从句无法并列，so~
E选项，“答案说因为tenses不一致破坏平行所以不选，但是我做这个题觉得这个选项不好是因为我觉得逻辑上后面的句子也应该用一般现在时”楼主说的和答案说的不是一个意思么……
平行结构要看是啥平行了。both and之流，要硬邦邦的平行，一点杂质都不要。and之流，就比较放肆，啥都能干出来，但是楼主说的时态，确实是要求的。and 的平行，是因为两个动词or任何其他平行，有相同的逻辑主语，动词的发生互不干扰，如果时态不一致，意味着两个动词的发生有时间差，那干嘛还用平行，给after，before一个机会。

PS：终于写完了，我也是有很闲hhhh。anyway 20号考试，攒人品！！大发大发大发！！！

作者: daisylol 时间: 2018-4-30 16:13
表达一下自己的看法吧，第三个关于which修饰的问题。如果which之前有NOUN1+介词+NOUN2的话，我觉得最主要是看后面的“介词+NOUN2”是否是修饰前面的NOUN1的。
如果是的话，which可以指代NOUN1，也可以指代NOUN2；
如果不是的话，which在语法上是修饰最近的NOUN2的，不能跳过修饰NOUN1。

例子：
1) I took pictures of my dog, which are so adorable that they make everyone smile. 对的！of my dog修饰的确实是pictures，可以跳过修饰
2) I took pictures in 1995, which are so adorable that they make everyone smile. 错的！in 1995修饰的是took，不是pictures，所以说pictures这个名词被彻底的隔开了，which无法跳过修饰pictures

第一题translation of the Iliad中，of the Iliad是修饰translation的，which可以跳过修饰translation。
第二题the largest lake on Earth中的“on Earth”是修饰整个句子的，不修饰the largest lake，所以which不能跳过修饰lake。

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