2） the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes （associated with the homemaking activities）（which） they presumed to have been the purview of women.
【阅读解析】
Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk.
domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians (5) focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from raditional,unpaid “women’s
work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect.
Unfortunately, emancipation (10) has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the
workplace.
词汇： disregard 不理会 emancipatory 有解放的，有助于解放的 emancipation 解放
翻译： 研究妇女劳动力的美国历史学家第一次大程度的忽视了这样的事实--妇女作为女性工作者获取报酬从事例如服务员，秘书，佣人等类似的工作，
取而代之，这些历史学家关注工厂的工作，这主要是因为此类的工作看起来和传统的不用付款的家务老公区别很大，而且工业化隐含的经济驱动
被广泛认为将会男女平等从而带来自由竞争的效果。 不幸的是， 自由没有那么容易达到预期，即使在工业化的领域，也没有逃脱性别的歧视
P: Historians disregarded the story of female service such as salesclerk
I: The historian focused instead on factory work，because different from traditional，unpaid women‘s work，and because underlying economic forces of industrialism
were presumed to be gender-blindand hence emancipatory in effect
To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the( 15) way a prevailing definition of femininity often determine s the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption (20) that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because(25)women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of (30)men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as “female.”
词汇：chores 杂物活 prevailing 主流的 definition 定义 feminity 女性化的 textile 纺织品 mill 工厂 entrepreneurs 企业家 purview 见识，视野 commensureat 相等的
翻译： 为了解释这次妇女变革的失败，历史学家开始重点关注主流关于女性的定义，女性的角色通常决定了什么样的工作是赋予她们的，即使这种赋予并不适合新的环境。 比如，早年纺织厂的企业主，为了调整女性员工的比例，提出女性生来就是做非常细致的工作同时他们在琐碎的事情上比较有耐心；那些些引进了先进工厂工业化的人依旧保持了老牌的做法, 认为女性就是做家庭工作的。因为女性比男性更接受这种没有吸引的工业化工作，这样的工作就被认为是女性的工作。 认为女性的精神就寄托在婚姻和家庭生活的企业主，拒绝支付女性和男性同等的工作。于是很多低技术含量的，低收入的，不稳定的工作就被认为是女性的。
P: To explain the unfinished evolution
I: Historians have begun to empasize the way that feminity often determines the kind of work allocated to women.
E: textilr-mill entrpreneurs assume that woen were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying our repetitive chores； mill owner order hoary stereotype
More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as “female.”
employers(35) showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important 40) war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master
词汇：segregation 分离，隔离 occupation 工作 beckoned 召唤
语法：倒装 more remarkable than origin = the persistence of such sex segregation has been more remarkable than the origin sex segregation
翻译： 性别歧视的持续比开始的状态更有代表行， 当一份工作被认为是女性色彩的，员工就会表现出没有兴趣，即使会有很好的利益诱惑。 尽管在二次世界大战期间，美国急切的需要全部调整他们的人力资源，按性别区分工作仍然是最重要的特征。再者，当战争结束的时候，那些被认可女性可以操作很好的工作依旧回到了男性手中
C: More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry
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