OG-112 以前没人问过 - ChaseDream

112. In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic, and thus reduce

nonbiodegradable waster, the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist. The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are environmentally preferable.

Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council’s environmental goals?

(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available, members of the town council believe

(B) The paper factory at which most of the towns-people are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods.

(C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods, the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years.

(D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances, they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale.

(E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable.

答案是D, 这个我明白.但是答案C,我觉得好像也行.OG的解释为:Choice C suggests that environmental benefits would ensue, albeit not immediately. 但我觉得看不出would ensue

Leaders of a miners’ union on strike against Coalco are contemplating additional measures to pressure the company to accept the union’s contract proposal. The union leaders are considering as their principal new tactic a consumer boycott against Gasco gas stations, which are owned by Energy Incorporated, the same corporation that owns Coalco.

Answer to which of the following questions is LEAST directly relevant to the union leaders’ consideration of whether attempting a boycott of Gasco will lead to acceptance of their contract proposal?

(D) Have other unions that have employed a similar tactic achieved their goals with it?

97题是很容易选出E的。因为这题是比较几个选项中哪个和工会要达到的目的最不相关的。当然是E了，Ｅ讨论到其他公司又有煤矿又有卖油的。这个和题目是一点边都沾不上的。当然，Ｃ和Ｄ选项时我们上面说过不严密的横向比较，但是不严谨不等于不相关。另外，横向比较的结果可以作为一个参考数据，但是不能完全代表另一个事务的结果。

比如：Ａ和Ｂ同时准备ＧＭＡＴ，复习资料相同，　他们同一大学毕业的，毕业后都没有接触过英语。Ａ考到了７００分以上，所以Ｂ认为自己也能考到７００分以上。

你觉得这个推理是不是不太严密？但是它却可以作为一种参考，某种程度上有意义的，而且这种比较是相关的比较。

我当时做题的时候和你想法一样（后来误选了E，我以为E是在说造纸需要木头），后来觉得就算选项是“使用纸会导致树木的减少”或者“使用纸会也有环境污染问题” 也不是正确答案，因为此题的问题是： Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council’s environmental goals? 只要选项没有说禁止了塑料制品不一定能达到town council’s environmental goals（这个goal是reduce nonbiodegradable waster），选项就不是正确答案，（也许这就是lawyer NN说的要注意结论的具体性）。比如我们猜想的答案“使用纸会导致树木的减少”或者“使用纸会也有环境污染问题” ，这些只是在说使用纸会有环境问题，但并没有说会妨碍reduce nonbiodegradable waster，所以不能是正确答案。

the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist. The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are environmentally preferable.

以下是引用babypace在2005-1-13 0:51:00的发言：
逻辑上的一个大问题，你可能在AWA上也会遇到的，就是C这类横向比较。首先，类似的城镇用了相同的政策效果不明显，不能证明这个镇用了也会效果不明显。两者之间不一定可比。另外，OG说的，C只讲了“几年之内没有看到效果”，也就是说几年后可能会看到效果的，只是效果来的不是马上。这就是albeit not immediately的。

我觉得这样的解释“逻辑上的一个大问题，你可能在AWA上也会遇到的，就是C这类横向比较。首先，类似的城镇用了相同的政策效果不明显，不能证明这个镇用了也会效果不明显。两者之间不一定可比。”不太好。因为假如这样解释的话，那么D也可以说成他们虽然比较倾向和喜欢到别的没有禁止销售的城镇去买，但不代表他们就一定这样做，所以D也可能不对。

个人认为C真正错的地方就跟og的解释一样，主要是没有阐明最后的结果；而且C也只是说”benefits were not discernible for several years“就是在几年内没有被分辨出，并不代表绝对没有产生这样的benefits，可能只是相关部门没法评估出来而已；假如C改成最后真的绝对没有产生benefits，那么我认为C也是对的。至于是否横向对比就一定错，大家能不能总结一下，看是不是有这样的规律。

以下是引用gigiga0118在2005-7-7 0:21:00的发言：

我無法理解的是紅色的閱讀部分

????????????????????????????

小镇委员会计划禁止一次性塑料制品的销售，（这些塑料制品）存在纸制的替代物。

which代替 plastic goods ； substitutes为名词； made of paper后置，修饰substitutes

以下是引用welkin在2005-6-22 11:11:00的发言：

因为此题的问题是： Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council’s environmental goals?
只要选项没有说禁止了塑料制品不一定能达到town council’s environmental goals（这个goal是reduce nonbiodegradable waster），选项就不是正确答案，（也许这就是lawyer NN说的要注意结论的具体性）。

严重同意...只要选项让council没有达成那个goal（禁止塑料产品以减少可降解废物）就是削弱~

以下是引用welkin在2005-6-22 11:11:00的发言：

以下是引用zenithy在2005-3-28 0:43:00的发言：
其实D也不是完美的，我心中的答案是“代用品如纸制品也有污染环紧的问题...”，可惜没这个选项。

我当时做题的时候和你想法一样（后来误选了E，我以为E是在说造纸需要木头），后来觉得就算选项是“使用纸会导致树木的减少”或者“使用纸会也有环境污染问题” 也不是正确答案，因为此题的问题是： Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council’s environmental goals?
只要选项没有说禁止了塑料制品不一定能达到town council’s environmental goals（这个goal是reduce nonbiodegradable waster），选项就不是正确答案，（也许这就是lawyer NN说的要注意结论的具体性）。比如我们猜想的答案“使用纸会导致树木的减少”或者“使用纸会也有环境污染问题” ，这些只是在说使用纸会有环境问题，但并没有说会妨碍reduce nonbiodegradable waster，所以不能是正确答案。

不知道我说的有没有道理，请大家多多指正

E的OG解释是说， the specific materials that go into the making nonbiodegradable paper are not in question. 所以这个选项无关。

E 选项：Products other than those derived from wood plup are often used in the manufacure of paper goods that are entirely biddegradable.---很多不是从木质纸浆提取出来的东西用来生产（完全可以生物降解的）纸制品。

我理解E的说法是 papers good that entirely biodegradable. 只要paper goods是可降解的就没问题，其实是有点support的意味。

这个选项里面没有涉及到nonbiodegradable. OG解释里面的这个是从哪里来的呢？我怎么有点糊涂了。我看到的是OG11的紫皮书，难道是OG有问题。

如果选项里面的biddegradable 变成了 nonbiodegradable。那这个选项就应该是一个正确答案，消弱了council的plan吧？

substitutes 是n.代替品。就是说存在用纸制造的塑料袋的代替品。