标题: OG13 CR-43(OG12 CR-45)这道题什么题型?到底是因果型结论吗?还是就是二者类比型? [打印本页] 作者: SherlockedJohn 时间: 2013-11-21 17:49 标题: OG13 CR-43(OG12 CR-45)这道题什么题型?到底是因果型结论吗?还是就是二者类比型? 43. Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists’ strategy?
(A) All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.
(B) Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.
(C) All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.
(D) Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.
(E) Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.
Argument Evaluation
Situation Studying contemporary foraging societies in order to understand ancient foragers is flawed because forager societies are so widely varied and also because the contemporary foragers have had so much contact with modern societies. Reasoning Which point weakens this argument? The argument rejects the comparison of modern-day foraging societies to ancient ones because of the variety of existing forager societies and because the modern-day foragers have been in contact with other modern cultures. What situation would support making this comparison? What if modern-day foragers remain similar to ancient foragers because of nonchanging features of foraging societies throughout history? If these are features that are not shared with other cultures, then the argument that anthropologists cannot learn about ancient foragers by studying their modern counterparts is weakened.
A Correct. This statement properly identifies the factor that weakens the argument: A comparison could well be a valuable source of understanding if all foraging societies are shown to share certain features not found in other societies.
B This point slightly strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument.
C This point does not address the issue of comparing a modern society to an ancient society.
D The reason for this could be that these anthropologists know that such a comparison is not useful; thus this point does not weaken the argument.
E This point strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument.
【分析:二者类比型】
人类学家:通过研究现代F社会可以了解古代F社会。
批评者(结论):strategy is flawed (这一研究方法有弊端。意思即通过研究现代F社会来了解古代F社会是不对的=不能用现代F社会去类比古代F社会。)
前提:1、(现代)F社会太多样化
2、任何时期的F社会都会和现代的非F社会有contact(有关连,互相影响的)
问题:削弱批评者的结论(=加强人类学家的结论)
削弱:(要从两个方面反驳!因为原文有两个原因导致结论)无论现代F社会还是古代F社会都存在共通性,并且这个共通性不存在/不同于其他任何社会形态(这里指modern, non F社会),所以将现代F社会和古代F社会拿来类比是有意义的。反驳了结论。
要说明现代F社会和古代F社会是可以类比的,则要说明两者之间本质相同(有共通性)。
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以上分析对吗????可是为什么我觉得削弱里推翻了前提2??不是说不能推翻已知前提吗??除非这里解释为因果型结论,可是原文结论没有明显提示词啊?但是再看OG分析里面写:...flawed because forager societies are so widely varied and also because the contemporary foragers have had so much contact with modern societies.似乎默认是因果关系????