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标题: 求助OG13.16, as adj. as gmat语法常见的省略问题 [打印本页]

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 10:50
标题: 求助OG13.16, as adj. as gmat语法常见的省略问题

16. A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.

(A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought

(B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought

(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts

(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

对正确选项A只是一个不解。
economy might not be as weak as some analysts preciously thought从句是对economy和analysts认为的经济情况比较，
故此句完整是：economy might not be as weak as what / the economy that some analysts preciously thought (was).

类似用法如下：
GWD5-Q14:
Even though more money was removed out of stock funds in July as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as an industry trade group had previously estimated.
A. as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
B. as had been in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what
C. than there was in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as that which
D. than in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
E. than in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what

as adj. as 比较中，省略be很常见，但省略what/the economy就相当于缺乏主语，不知是否也是习惯的省略用法？

一碰到省略就陷进去。。。。

谢谢各位啦！

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 11:02
自己顶一下，难道进行比较时后半部分都可直接省略比较对象只需要描述比较对象出现的情况？比如analysts thought。。。。。

作者: 448258130 时间: 2013-8-31 11:22
比较结构的主语和谓语和主句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省去

作者: 448258130 时间: 2013-8-31 11:27
至于后面gwd里面的那个E选项：sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what an industry trade group had previously estimated。中what指代的是sales of fund shares，在从句中不是做主语，所以不能省略

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 11:54

448258130 发表于 2013-8-31 11:27
至于后面gwd里面的那个E选项：sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what an industry trade ...

哈~~~谢谢！我也发现很多时候是可以相对灵活的省略的~~~~~

不过...单从句子结构来看，我咋觉得GWD和前面那个也类似，比如补全了就可以写成，sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what an industry trade group had previously estimated (were)....
而其中 what在比较对象的从句中都做宾语 thought sth 和 estimated sth。

作者: enkyklios 时间: 2013-8-31 12:50
---------------

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 13:00

enkyklios 发表于 2013-8-31 12:50
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神马情况,直接全省略鸟......

作者: enkyklios 时间: 2013-8-31 13:01

coconutmi 发表于 2013-8-31 13:00
神马情况,直接全省略鸟......

帮顶而矣

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 13:14

enkyklios 发表于 2013-8-31 13:01
帮顶而矣

真好真好~~~

作者: enkyklios 时间: 2013-8-31 14:26

coconutmi 发表于 2013-8-31 13:14
真好真好~~~

;

作者: 摇曳的叶子 时间: 2013-8-31 15:53
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
a. movies—less than those
b. movies—fewer than have been
c. movies, which is less than those
d. movies, a number lower than the people
e. movies, fewer than the ones
省略主语的比较，与之类似

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 21:08

摇曳的叶子发表于 2013-8-31 15:53
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movie ...

恩纳,我今天好像喵到这个题了,说选B. 说这样可以突出比较的是被杀的方式,by bee和by shark,要是加了those就是强调被杀的人之间的比较了。

谢啦~P.s.你的头像好像我家猫咪^^

作者: 摇曳的叶子 时间: 2013-8-31 21:36

coconutmi 发表于 2013-8-31 21:08
恩纳,我今天好像喵到这个题了,说选B. 说这样可以突出比较的是被杀的方式,by bee和by shark,要是加了those ...

这个是哪里的解释？
a的错误有两个
1、比较的是the number of people killed by two animals，所以less改成fewer；
2、those也错了，用those指代的是seven people，明显错误。
如果题干是people have been kiiled by.....用those就对了
猫咪就像小孩子，很淘气的。

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-8-31 22:00

摇曳的叶子发表于 2013-8-31 21:36
这个是哪里的解释？
a的错误有两个
1、比较的是the number of people killed by two animals，所以less改 ...

阿, 弱弱的问一句, 我咋感觉those没有指代前面的那7个人，而是指代了被蚂蚁杀的人们。因为mahattan 介词那一章有讲，只有that 和those可以指代 new copies(与比较对象对比的，但又非同一个的东西).

这个解释是miazhang去年的帖子写的~http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... =%E7%9C%81%E7%95%A5

例2. Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than [have been killed by bee stings].

Mia最初认为，than后面省略了those（指代people）。

但是有理解说，这里比较的并不仅仅是only seven people，后面的have been killed也在比较范围之内。所以不能是fewer than those killed by bee stings，因为这样就变成了seven people 和“被蜜蜂杀死的人”的比较。

Mia同意上述观点。

这里应该补出完整的比较：

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, fewer than [people have been killed by bee stings].但是这种说法是不符合语法规则的。Than后面不能在加上一个句子。

所以，这时候的省略就是必须的！

作者: 摇曳的叶子 时间: 2013-8-31 22:33

coconutmi 发表于 2013-8-31 22:00
阿, 弱弱的问一句, 我咋感觉those没有指代前面的那7个人，而是指代了被蚂蚁杀的人们。因为mahattan 介词 ...

Asked by a student：

Don't we need some demonstrative pronoun here to refer back to people, which is absent in B. Thus I chose E.

Would "fewer than those" be a correct answer? Please explain.

answered by RON

nope.

you can't use parallel constructions with "those"/"that"/etc, in separate clauses, unless they are EXACTLY PARALLEL to whatever shows up in the other part.

in this case:
you can't write "those killed by bee stings"
unless
the other part contains "people killed by the great white shark" (with NOTHING IN BETWEEN).
it doesn't, so you can't.
seek link： http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/can-somebody-help-me-out-with-this-question-t4278.html

作者: 摇曳的叶子 时间: 2013-8-31 22:40
"THOSE (no verb) killed by bee stings" would have to correspond to "(THE) PEOPLE (no verb) killed by the shark".
this is not what the first part here says; the first part here says "ONLY SEVEN PEOPLE HAVE BEEN killed by the shark", which fails on two counts: (1) it has a verb (it's not supposed to); (2) you can't cherry-pick "people" from the construction "only seven people".
also quote Ron‘s words

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-1 11:33

摇曳的叶子发表于 2013-8-31 22:40
"THOSE (no verb) killed by bee stings" would have to correspond to "(THE) PEOPLE (no verb) killed by ...

亲，谢谢啦，明白明白。是说对比时两边结构，尤其是动词结构什么的要平行，省略的话也不能省一半留一半。我之前貌似没理解对你的话，所以在说those,that的指代对象问题。

猫咪是很淘气滴，尤其是我家的老猫一只^_^

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-18 20:41
请问您现在搞清楚比较（尤其是as中的）了么？我还是不清楚，一遇到这种题就犯晕。。。能不能给我讲讲？

作者: qsjvicky 时间: 2013-9-18 22:20
我认为，as/than后面SVO可以有一下几种情况：
1. 如果比较的是主语，那么as/thant后面可以就S，V+O可以省略，但是be动词/助动词尽量补齐，但是有一种情况，比如A LIKE B MORE THAN C这种情况会认为A相对于C更喜欢B，所以这样就要A like B more than C do.
2. 如果比较对象是谓语，那就直接谓语啦~
3.如果比较对象是介词短语，比如OG中有一道题，in no other historical...did it cause such a sensation...as in its return in 19XX原句记不清了，这种情况，就可以直接在as/than后面写介词短语，但是我认为如果答案有as it did in 19XX也是可以的，也就是说加上主语也是可以的
4. 无论怎么省略，语义为王道！！还有就是所补助动词一定要是前面有的，比如不能前面是is likely to do后面变成than B do,要与前面对齐~
个人看法，仅供参考哈~

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-18 23:30

yy20 发表于 2013-9-18 20:41
请问您现在搞清楚比较（尤其是as中的）了么？我还是不清楚，一遇到这种题就犯晕。。。能不能给我讲讲？ ...

Hi,楼下的讲解可以吗？不知你还有哪里具体不明白吗，比如是比较对象看不出，还是省略规律掌握不好，或者比较词的用法不熟悉？

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-18 23:39

qsjvicky 发表于 2013-9-18 22:20
我认为，as/than后面SVO可以有一下几种情况：
1. 如果比较的是主语，那么as/thant后面可以就S，V+O可以省略 ...

谢谢亲！语义是王道，就是不知咋提高

作者: qsjvicky 时间: 2013-9-18 23:40

coconutmi 发表于 2013-9-18 23:39
谢谢亲！语义是王道，就是不知咋提高

多读多看多分析...看杨鹏吧~我总觉得看杨鹏比看OG句子改错的正确集合提高的快~每天背5~10个杨鹏半个月以后就会提高的~

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-18 23:56

qsjvicky 发表于 2013-9-18 23:40
多读多看多分析...看杨鹏吧~我总觉得看杨鹏比看OG句子改错的正确集合提高的快~每天背5~10个杨鹏半个月以 ...

就是背杨鹏的GMAT部分么？

作者: qsjvicky 时间: 2013-9-18 23:56

yy20 发表于 2013-9-18 23:56
就是背杨鹏的GMAT部分么？

我背得是GRE，觉得GMAT部分稍微简单了一些~

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-18 23:57

coconutmi 发表于 2013-9-18 23:30
Hi,楼下的讲解可以吗？不知你还有哪里具体不明白吗，比如是比较对象看不出，还是省略规律掌握不好，或者 ...

省略规律掌握的不好 TAT。。。我总是搞不清，就是不熟悉这类题。。。。

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-19 07:02

qsjvicky 发表于 2013-9-18 23:40
多读多看多分析...看杨鹏吧~我总觉得看杨鹏比看OG句子改错的正确集合提高的快~每天背5~10个杨鹏半个月以 ...

摁好，我去试试，谢啦^_^

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-19 23:43

yy20 发表于 2013-9-18 23:57
省略规律掌握的不好 TAT。。。我总是搞不清，就是不熟悉这类题。。。。

省略确实太灵活了，我也还在总结：

as……as用于同级比较，第一个as是副词，第二个as是介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接句子)，其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as。根据英语承前省略的原则，对于比较结构中相同的部分，在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略，也就是说读者会默认省略部分与前句相同。

用最简单的情况举例(Manhattan例句)：
1.They are as hungry as you (are).
2.They are as hungry as you are.
3.They are as hungry as they were last night.
这里是比较They are hungry & You are hungry，既对2个人状态的比较。
看1&2句，因为都是一般现在, 所以可省系动词are；因为都是饥饿, 所以hungry更不能赘述。
而3句，一个是现在，一个是昨晚，所以不能省were (last night), 因为省这个标志词后读者无法判断they饥饿的时间。而按此原则，我估计3省略they应该也没问题。

当然，如果比较对象变了，那么省略的结构也不同了，比如：
She is as clever as (she is) beautiful。她既聪明又漂亮。
这里主语和系动词相同，表语不同，所以留表语，省主、系。

此外，如果句子是S V O结构，也是一样，只是比较词不局限于as……as, 还可以是 such……as 等等

举个SVO带壮语的例子：OG13.139

In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.

这句话有倒装和省略，先还原前句的倒装：
H's Comet caused such a world wide sensation in no other historical .....
再看比较对象的完整结构：as H's Comet caused a world wide sensation in its return of 1910-1911.
xxx的黑色部分和as前句子完全相同，可以省略，得到正确答案。这里其实是哈雷自己和自己比，只剩下壮语不同了，所以我觉得直接理解成状语比较也没啥问题~~~

我一般习惯按照句子结构入手分析，不知和你思路能不能碰上，你要是有具体题目咱再讨论，会方便些~

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-20 11:58

coconutmi 发表于 2013-9-19 23:43
省略确实太灵活了，我也还在总结：

as……as用于同级比较，第一个as是副词，第二个as是介词(后接名词或代 ...

你这样一说好清晰！！！！突然有点感觉了！！！！我一会在整理整理题，不懂的再问你！谢谢谢谢谢谢！！！！！

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-20 14:56

yy20 发表于 2013-9-20 11:58
你这样一说好清晰！！！！突然有点感觉了！！！！我一会在整理整理题，不懂的再问你！谢谢谢谢谢谢！！！ ...

你太客气了....其实吧..是我边和你讨论边思考边总结的,得谢谢你~

都加油啦~！

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-20 15:11

coconutmi 发表于 2013-9-20 14:56
你太客气了....其实吧..是我边和你讨论边思考边总结的,得谢谢你~

都加油啦~！ ...

很受用！我觉得你的思路很赞，所以能不能在请教一下你独立主格的用法？如果你有时间的话麻烦简单说说。我看了语法书但总是不会用，看见就蒙。

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-21 23:55

yy20 发表于 2013-9-20 15:11
很受用！我觉得你的思路很赞，所以能不能在请教一下你独立主格的用法？如果你有时间的话麻烦简单说说。我 ...

独立主格，是一种修饰语，Manhattan P242管这个叫 Absolute phrases, 说它由noun+ noun modifier 组成，一般不必须挨着所修饰的内容，而是用来修饰整个主句。

比如:  His head held high, Owen walked out of the store.
独立主格就是 noun-his head    +    noun modifier-held high(过去分词+副词high)

我觉得就按句子结构从简到繁这个顺序考虑，比较好理解~

首先，句子至少要包括1套主、谓结构才完整(除了主语谓语以外，有的句子也需要接宾语。)

此外，句子还可包含修饰其主语/宾语(名词、代词为主)、谓语(一般为动词)或整个句子的修饰成分，这些成分可以是形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等等，它们通常是被称为定语、壮语等等。请注意对于句子的逻辑关系，可以去掉所有修饰语，只看主谓结构。

一般来说，修饰成分的逻辑主语就是它修饰的对象，比如：
Teird from chasing mice,the cat took a nap.(Manhattan P83)
这里teird from xxx 是一个过去分词，修饰句子主语the cat。句子是说，cat 累了，睡了一觉。
注意这里只有一套主谓结构：主语-cat, 谓语-took 宾语-a nap，  tired fromxxx 是修饰语。

但如果此时你想表达，老鼠累了，猫睡了。
最基本的表达就是2个独立的句子， The mice was tired. The cat took a sleep.
如果想表明这2个事情是并列关系，那么可+and 合成1句话， The mice was tired and the cat took a sleep.
如果想表明这2个事情是因果关系，那么可+so 合成1句话，  The mice was tired so the cat took a sleep.
注意，如果此时你最想表达的只是cat睡觉了，那mice累了就需要用修饰的方法表达(前面说过对于句子逻辑意思，修饰部分可以去掉的)。
而这时你不能说，Tired from being chased by cat, the cat took a sleep. 因为这样就是cat累而不是老鼠累了。
于是你可以写成，The mice tired from being chased by cat, the cat took a sleep. 对比原句，
                                    Teird from chasing mice, the cat took a nap.
最大的不同除了意思上把猫累改写成老鼠累以外，就是前面的的修饰部分多了一个主语,修饰部分由过去分词变成了 noun+过去分词，这其实就是独立主格- 当修饰部分逻辑主语无法用被修饰部分清晰表达的时候，就在修饰部分前添加一个主语，成了一个不成句的"独立片断"。

所以做题时注意理解句子意思，不要把独立主格当成不完整的句子错把正确选项排除就好了。

作者: yy20 时间: 2013-9-21 23:58

coconutmi 发表于 2013-9-21 23:55
独立主格，是一种修饰语，Manhattan P242管这个叫 Absolute phrases, 说它由noun+ noun modifier 组成， ...

你的语法思路很赞！！！！！

作者: coconutmi 时间: 2013-9-22 00:03

yy20 发表于 2013-9-21 23:58
你的语法思路很赞！！！！！

谢谢了呀, 因为我语法从初中就晕晕的,所以这次看gmat就重头学了一遍

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