本帖最后由 铁板神猴 于 2013-6-23 02:44 编辑 enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-23 00:01 中国人写的语法书？ 不管是老美写的，还是中国人写的，这种简单的一刀切式的总结，抛下了语义不去考虑，都是有问题的。（时常可以有反例） baby举得例子（没有comma的情况下，分词无法做状语） The man having come to school early this morning came to school again just now. --- apparently "having come" functions as an adjective 这样的例子英语中比比皆是。 21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. 至于这句，很难说是noun modifier还是adverbial modifier，因为Comma + -ING两种情况都有，剩下的需要用meaning去判定。（与having done无关，只要句意需要，noun modifier一样可以是having done） 在这句的情况下，根据meaning，不管noun modifier 还是 adverbial modifier都行的通。但是通常很多人（native speakers）倾向于认为这是一种noun modifier。不过他们本质上都是同一种东西。 发现了么~ 实际上，我将Stacey的总结用中文又说了一遍。她所概括虽然是Ving放句首作noun modifier，但实际和这里的情况是一致的。 When it comes at the beginning (or between Subject and Main Verb), we often think of it as a noun modifier, but it's still the same thing. As a very general rule, think of a "comma -ing" as modifying the clause that it's touching (but the "comma -ing" could come at the beginning, middle, or end). Comma + -ING 可做noun modifier（当然本质与adverbial modifier并没有区别）的情况，还比如： OG12 SC 30 --- comma + protecting (1) OG12 SC 65 --- comma + absorbing OG12 SC 61 --- Rivaling + comma + Subject (2) OG12 SC 67 --- Affording + comma + Subject OG12 SC 21 --- Subject, having amassed, Main Verb (3) OG12 SC 95 --- Subject, acting like, Main Verb ...... (, etc.) exception: OG12 SC 29 --- with noun doing, doing, and doing 中间的那个Comma + -ING (4) （再次验证了一刀切式的Rules相当不可靠了吧，英语变数太多了） Comma + -ED 只能作noun modifier的情况： OG12 SC 28 --- comma + based on (5) 不知不觉把OG中所有的Comma + -ING 都翻了一遍，这次应该没问题了…… 我基本同意Stacey的看法~ 最终我们要记住的不是(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)一共5种结构的变化，而是那句黄色的 General Summary。结合Meaning，就能做所有的comma + -ing了。 |
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