18. Mary, a veterinary student, has been assigned an experiment in mammalian physiology that would require her to take a healthy, anesthetized dog and subject it to a drastic blood loss in order to observe the physiological consequences of shock. The dog would neither regain consciousness nor survive the experiment. Mary decides not to do this assignment.
Mary’s decision most closely accords with which one of the following principles?
(A) All other things being equal, gratuitously causing any animal to suffer pain is unjustified.
(B) Taking the life of an animal is not justifiable unless doing so would immediately assist in saving several animal lives or in protecting the health of a person.
(C) The only sufficient justification for experimenting on animals is that future animal suffering is thereby prevented.
(D) Practicing veterinarians have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim.（B）
(E) No one is ever justified in acting with the sole intention of causing the death of a living thing, be it animal or human.
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18. B
关键是原文的提示信息。The dog would neither regain consciousness nor survive the experiment.
B中Taking the life of an animal 和原文not survive一致。
A中suffer pain 和原文不是最接近。。
C justification for experimenting on animals 没提到能否让狗免死。
D have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal
虽然也提到了免死。。但和B的区别在于，这里强调的是救护动物。而B强调的是不去杀害动物。所以B更接近原文。
E No one is ever justified in acting with the sole intention of causing the death of a living thing, be it animal or human
其中的sole intention和原文不符，原文是做实验。而且加了human，扩大了范围。
But I think D is also talking about how to avoid the death of an animal. Since veterinarians’ obligation is to prevent the death, so Mary decided not to do this assignment
I think deliberately take the life of an animal is different from trying to prevent an animal from death. furthermore, the rule for practicing veterinarians is not applicable to veterinary student.
我还是不明白哎。我觉得D从兽医的rules角度出发，应该更切题，更有说服力啊。哪位NN再帮忙解释一下。
The dog would neither regain consciousness nor survive the experiment .Mary decides not to do this assignment(which means it is not justifiable)
not( regain consciousness or survive )---------not justifiable neg A------neg B
so : justifiable ---------regain consciousness or survive B--------A
If it is justifiable ,the dog will regain consciousness or survive
Mary’s decision most closely accords with which one of the following principles? (与mary的想法最接近的是)
B) Taking the life of an animal is not justifiable unless doing so would immediately assist in saving several animal lives or in protecting the health of a person.
justifiable -------assist in saving animals lives or protecting health (similar to Mary's principle)
justifiable ---------regain consciousness or survive
(D) Practicing veterinarians have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim
severely ill or injured --------- Practicing veterinarians will not strive to prevent the death of an animal
(D) Practicing veterinarians have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim.
1）Practicing veterinarian 不等于veterinarian student（已经属于无关选项了，因为又多了层假设：作为VS的M按PV的准则思考）
2）该准则目的是“prevent the unnecessary death”而不是B的“taking life or not”,和题干又有了区别
3）按该准则，M就不是“not taking the life”,而是要采用其它方式去“prevent the death"(比如向动物保护组织举报）了。
(D) Practicing veterinarians have a professional obligation to strive to prevent the unnecessary death of an animal except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim.
1）Practicing veterinarian 不等于veterinarian student（已经属于无关选项了，因为又多了层假设：作为VS的M按PV的准则思考）
我觉得D就是错在这一点上，其他的理由都比较牵强，因为本来题目就说：
Mary, a veterinary student, has been assigned an experiment in mammalian physiology that would require her to take a healthy, anesthetized dog and subject it to a drastic blood loss.
D其实后半部分except in cases of severely ill or injured animals whose prospects for recovery are dim跟题干对应的挺好的，不是吗？
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