求问一题！with独立主格 PK 定从跳跃修饰谁更没有歧义 - ChaseDream

og27. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen j and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(A)  Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(B) Published in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.

(C)  Published in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
A,Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
B,Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
C,Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
D,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become
E,Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,
答案为C。 B为啥不好?

(D)  The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.

(E) The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem.

Choices A and B present dangling modifiers that illogically suggest that Owen and Randolph, rather than the Messenger, were published in Harlem. In D, the phrase and published in Harlem is too remote from the Messenger to modify it effectively. In E, being produces an awkward construction, and the placement of the main clause at the end of the sentence is confusing. Only in C, the best answer, is Published in Harlem followed immediately by the Messenger. Also, C makes it clear that the clause beginning who refers to Randolph.

AB里面不讨论逻辑主语的问题, 关于这个A and B , who的修饰问题.

首先大家看几个题:

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A)  requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C)  requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D)  application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties

(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

正确答案是E, 这里很明显that were有强制指代前面的irrigation and application,而且也只有这样, 不然were说不通.

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."

(A)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

(B)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are

(C)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is

(D)  stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

答案是C,根据句意也可以判断出后置的定从指代前面crests and troughs 这个整体

现在问题出来了,为什么OG27可以说在不存在强制指代,也不是指代整体的情况下就说可以指代A of B中的A呢?

113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A)  saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C)  saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D)  seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(E) seen monk eys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

Choices A, B, and C use have ... saw where have ... seen is required. Choices A, B, and E awkwardly separate the relative clause beginning whose arms and legs ... from monkeys, the noun it modifies. Choices A and E also confusingly use the present tense hang and the present perfect have hung, respectively; neither verb conveys clearly that, at the time the monkeys were spotted sleeping, their arms and legs were hanging in the manner described. Choice D, the best answer, not only forms a correct and clear sentence by supplying the present perfect verb have ... seen, but also solves the problem of the whose ... clause by using the appropriately placed adverbial phrase with arms and legs hanging... to modify sleeping.

这个题目里面monkey和whoes中间有一个braches, 如果说可以跳越的话, 那为什么OG解释说错了?114. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

(A)  baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C)  baggage, yet being so light

(D)  baggage, and so light

(E) baggage yet was so light

红色的which在肯定是修饰canoe, 居然中间那些插入的名词全都不是歧义?!跳那么远?!

请教大家!!! 同时大家对于定从的指代有什么看法, 尤其是跳越的, 都一起发出来吧, 我们大家合力一个帖子解决掉!!

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-11 05:45
但是就本题而言其实还是比较清楚的，E不是有歧义的问题，而是指代错误的问题。 ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-12 10:26
什么指代错误啊？whose 指代branches？指代错误？可是为什么不能whose 跳过on the branches 直接修饰monk ...

renita12 发表于 2013-5-12 10:51
指代可以跳过介词，但貌似不能跳过动词吧，monkey后有sleeping~

ada90 发表于 2013-5-12 11:31
原来是这样，是不是如果是 N+介词短语，which 这种跳跃指代就可以但是N+其他修饰成分+介词短语，这种被 ...

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-12 15:21
这个不能按个数论，有的中间有很多介词短语，如果是副词结构的话有多少都可以跳跃。 ...

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-13 14:43
这个问题太大，必须分门别类的讨论，比如比如主谓结构可以跳跃谓语，比如被动结构可以跳跃，可以跳过很多状 ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-14 10:06
还有，如果是按名词性划分的话，道题里 monkeys sleeping on the branches，whose...这个不对，那么也就 ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-13 10:03
啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊，抓住NN，求详细说一下什么样的可以跳跃，什么样的不能跳跃。 ...

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-14 20:13
这个题的话其实涉及的是一个宾补的知识，这个如果宾补只是一个分词那就可以跳过去，如果宾补是形容词也可 ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-15 09:41
嗯，这次真的懂了。搞了半天是宾补结构啊，NN讲的好清楚。无比感谢！！！！！！！！！原来宾补成分也算是 ...

kimwang53 发表于 2013-5-15 19:56
http://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=499613&highlight=跳跃修饰

另一个which that ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-16 16:04
语法这个东西我感觉是先繁后简，关键就看能不能抓住gmac的考核重心，要能抓住了，其实我们纠结的很多模棱 ...

ada90 发表于 2013-5-12 11:31
原来是这样，是不是如果是 N+介词短语，which 这种跳跃指代就可以但是N+其他修饰成分+介词短语，这种被 ...

enkyklios 发表于 2013-5-15 19:26
嗯，希望你能在阅读中继续系统化，如果有新的发现在不要忘了共享哟