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题目：The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine."A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentianadvertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only peoplewho need less than 6 hours of sleep per night." 最近一项根据每天平均睡眠时间，对300 名m 市广告公司男女高管调查显示出了高管们所需的睡眠时间与他们公司成功与否的关联。根据对这些广告公司的研究，那些公司高管报告说每天睡眠不足6 小时的公司利润更高并且发展更快。这些结果表明如果公司想蓬勃发展，他们就必须只雇佣那些每天睡眠不足6 小时的管理人员。

Inthis argument, the arguer concludes that if a business wants to prosper, itshould hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. Althoughthe statement might seem reasonable, it is in fact ill conceived. The reasonsare stated as follows.

Tobegin with, the author provides no evidence that the survey is statisticallyreliable. We do not know the accurate ratio of the 300 male and female advertisingexecutives account for all the executives in Mentian. Perhaps the survey’ssample is not sufficient in size or representative of the quality of the Mentianadvertising executives. For that matter, this survey is not strong enough toestablish causation between the average number of hours they sleep per night andthe success of their firms. However, the other reasons of the survey whetherall the respondents remember the accurate hours they slept clearly or not. As aresult, without the evidence that the survey is statistically reliable theauthor cannot justifiably draw any conclusion by relying on this survey.

Additionally,the arguer assumes that those whose executives reported needing no more than 6hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. Althoughthis is entirely possible, the author offers no evidence to substantiate this statement.There are a lot of kinds of factors to determine the higher profit margins andfaster growth. For example, the technology, the economy, and even the competitionare all the crucial reasons for profit margins and faster growth. Withoutaccounting for and ruling out these and other alternative explanations, thearguer cannot bolster the recommendation.

Finally,the author fails to provide any evidence to verify the causal relationshipbetween the sleeping times and the business prosper. Why needing no more than 6hours of sleep per night contribute the business prosper. Why not the time is 4hours or 8 hours, and what is the intrinsic principle and so on. In addition,the study about advertising does not necessarily apply to all business.

Tosum up, the author fails to substantiate the claim that if a business wants toprosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep pernight, because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong supportto what the arguer maintains. To make the statement more convincing, the authorshould have to provide more information with regard to the details of thesurvey and more evidence about the Cause and effect relationship. Therefore ,ifthe statement had included the given factors discussed above, it would havebeen more thoroughly and logically acceptable.