In virtually any industry, technological improvements increase labor productivity, which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. In Parland’s industries, labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in Vergia’s industries. Clearly, therefore, Parland’s industries must, on the whole, be further advanced technologically than Vergia’s are. The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms? (A) It offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support. (B) It presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim. (C) It takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes. (D) It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed. (E) It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.
答案是C。做题的时候倒是选对了……但其实主要是因为觉得C对,而其他几个几乎没看懂什么意思TT…(实在觉得这些表达awkward & confusing…=。=……&如此看来,我对SC里面修饰结构的掌握还是不够熟练TT) 看答案的时候又研究了一下,个人对几个选项的理解是:A,它重复了STEM里面的信息;B,信息不一致;C,没考虑其他因素;D,因果倒置(而且我觉得这里因果倒置的根本原因其实还是没有考虑到其他影响生产力的因素);E,循环论证。不知道我的想法对不对,请各位NN指教! (……犹清晰的记得SCDAR大神无数次的教导我们要think & analysis in English,但我现在实在是理解无能……欢迎NN们来拍砖砸死我TT)
还有一个问题就是,个人对OG中D选项的解释不理解。OG说:The argument does not mention how long Parland has had more productive labor, or when technological improvements would have occurred.我没看明白这个解释和选项讲的有什么关系,是因为选项说了“…after the condition already existed”,所以OG解释说没涉及时间的问题吗?
作者: ChanSeol 时间: 2013-6-11 18:58
我觉得D选项不是因果倒置,
原文的因果关系是technological improvement -> labor productivity increase
再看D选项
(D) It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed. 其中的condition指的是P' Industries 劳动生产率比V' Industries要高, something指的是P's Industries科技比V's 更发达.
那么D选项的因果关系是Condition already existed -> P's Industries科技比V's 更发达 -> P' Industries 劳动生产率比V' Industries要高, 也就是Condition already existed -> technological improvement -> labor productivity increase
OG给出的解释就是文中并未提及这个condition有发生, 没有前提.作者: s8860 时间: 2013-7-11 17:36
能翻译成中文吗?选项的意思看不懂。 作者: 冷月无声5555 时间: 2013-7-15 13:32
求NN指教为什么B是错的呢?作者: zwhjzwhj 时间: 2013-7-22 20:33
这道题太难理解了,本来就绕,还是英文的。。。作者: SherlockedJohn 时间: 2013-11-21 14:28
我的观点:
D选项的意思是【因果倒置】应该是先有因后有果,但是文章变成先有果后有因了。即应该是先有技术增长后有生产力提高。
但是OG解释似乎认为technological improvements increase labor productivity不能说明技术增长发生在生产力提高之前,文中没有明显的时间先后提示,也不同于太阳升起鸡才叫这种明显的常识性时间先后,所以因果倒置不明显。 作者: wywyvivian 时间: 2013-12-22 10:53
这个题应该是一个评价题吧,就是说题目中的这种推论最容易受到哪种攻击。
A。It offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support.的意思是提供了结论并只对所提供信息的一部分作了阐述 原文没有什么一部分信息阐述 所以错了
B。It presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.体现了阐明信息的论据,但是在支持的过程中与其他论据矛盾 题目论据没有矛盾 错
C。It takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.只考虑到一种原因 没有考虑到其他原因 正确
D。It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.在条件已知的情况下受其他因素影响 与原文刚好相反 错误
E。It makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established. 错误
作者: lily510 时间: 2014-7-24 17:39
天哪,D 选项真的好绕,看了大家的讨论觉得更绕!说说我个人的理解
(D) It takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.
意思即是
It takes A to be the effect of B that happened only after A already existed.
意思即是
只有在B事件发生在A 事件之后,A 才能对B 起作用。
有点像项目管理里面的紧前事件 和紧随事件
OG 对D 选项的解释也是说文中并没有提及labor和technology发生时间的关系。
个人理解啦~~
帖子好老,希望后来看到的同学一起讨论啊~~作者: Gmat1003 时间: 2015-6-27 03:28
本题,我认为是要看懂文章的逻辑非常重要,你真的看懂了文章,你就会选了。至于选项的的分析没有那么重要。
感觉楼上的都没有讲到点子上,这种题目切记翻译成中文去理解,一定要去理解英文的意思这个道题有一个因果关系在
support1
cause: technological improvements------->effect:higher labor productivity
support2
Parland's labor productivity is higher than that of Vergia
conclusion: higher labor productivity------->higher technological improvement
A、it offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information in its support
paraphrase 的意思是阐释,示意。no more than太绝对了,说的是support和conclusion完全不想管,错误
B、support1 is inconsistent with support 2,明显错误,两个support没有矛盾
D、这个选项迷惑性比较大,it takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed,意思是把条件当做结果,这个结果只在该条件成立的情况下成立
表达了两个意思
1、something, which is the "effect" happens only after the condition already existed
2、it takes a condition to be the effect of something ("true effect")
cause: technological improvements------->effect:higher labor productivity
逐条验证: something( effect:higher labor productivity) happens only after the condition (technological improvement) already existed, wrong
it takes a condition to be the effect of "true effect"把条件当做结果,这个意思我觉得没问题
E、presuppose the truth of the conclusion that is to be established,wrong。presuppose意思是假定,以....为先决条件。两个support并没有以结论为先决条件