og 261 请教时态问题，大家给看看！ - ChaseDream

261. Being a

United States

citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop.

(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has

(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee

(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee（C）

(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee

看了og的解释，还是不能理解B的答案为什么错，显然1988年的事发生在1940年之后，而since 1988中用完成时是对的啊。看不出有解释中的歧义（Choice B illogically suggests that upon her birth in 1940, Mukherjee had already been a United States citizen since 1988. ）。C中为什么用has完成时结构？觉得过去时应该更好些。

C is best. The first clause presents its information clearly and in logical sequence. The use of a semicolon to set apart the remaining information further assists the clarity of the sentence. In A, the phrase Being... and born violates parallelism and oddly presents its information in reverse chronological order. In D and E, the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been, Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Also, these forms do not establish a logical time sequence, suggesting, for example, that Mukherjee had been a United States citizen before she lived in England and Canada and first came to the United States.

I think ETS means Choice B "Having been..., she was born in 1940". "She was born.." is the main clause, and the verbal tense is was vs. having been, so "born in 1940" is an action happened after "Having been..." according to this sentence.

We cannot use our own reasoning by judging 1940 and 1988. Need to think as the grammar implies.

C) she has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at Iowa Writer's Workshop

how can it be parallel? Is it b/c there is a Comma in between? Isn't there a subject needed to be inserted between "and" and "first came" since there's a comma?

I was confused with "she has lived in England and Canada" too when I solved this problem first time. Now after some speculations, I think that the time frame for this sentnce is: she was born in 1940, came to US in 1961, became US citizen in 1988, from some year after 1988 till now, she has live in Enland and Canada.

The error in B is the misuse of "having been born", impling continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented.

did you notice that there is a comma before the last And? From what i know a subject would be needed if a comma was introduced, and here THERE ISNT..

GMAT语法讲究的是“简洁”，从语法层面上说，不加she绝对没有任何歧意，因为两句主语相同，加了反而wordy，这种语法现象还是很常见的。

如果两句主语不同，则必须明确主语，且and前面有逗号，否则Run-on。

其实GMAT该错做题的原则就是选择最好的，而不是选择正确的。

这里就出现了现在完成时和过去时的联用,而且从所谓的时间顺序来看还是现在完成时在前,过去时在后

以下是引用lavaall在2004-12-1 0:40:00的发言：

261. Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop.

(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has

(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee

(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee（C）

(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee

这个问题还是没有解决. 请问下have been跟was有明确的时间上的先后顺序吗?have been是过去某个时间点发生的延续到现在的, was是过去发生了的事, 这两个能判断哪个先哪个后吗? 为什么OG解释说"Having been suggests that the citizenship came chornologically before the birth"? 请NN指教~~