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标题: 根据曼哈顿总结的做【代词指代】题型的步骤，望大家拍砖和讨论！ [打印本页]

作者: mamaliang 时间: 2013-2-28 17:23
标题: 根据曼哈顿总结的做【代词指代】题型的步骤，望大家拍砖和讨论！
首先，谈谈Manhattan中提到的做代词题型需要注意的几点：
1. The Antecedent Must Exist
2. The Antecedent & Pronoun Must Make Sense Together
3. The Antecedent Must Be Unambiguous
4. The Antecedent & Pronoun Must Agree in Number

我综合了1,2两点，提出一个概念叫“逻辑先行词”。意思是说，我们首先要做的是找到这个代词在逻辑上对应的先行词。我看了有些牛牛们的总结，说代词的大原则是优先指代主句主语，如果不能指代主语，再指代宾语什么的等等，把这个作为找出先行词的第一步，第二步再看逻辑关系上是否对应。我的观点是，上来就找逻辑上对应的先行词，而不去对应主语，宾语表语什么的。

解释完什么叫“逻辑先行词”，下面就说说我做代词的几个步骤了：

1. 第一步：看看代词有没有唯一的逻辑先行词，如果有唯一的，则接着做第二步；如果不是唯一的，就此打住，此选项错误。
2. 第二步：看代词和这个逻辑先行词是不是单复一致的，如果是一致的，则继续往下看；如果不一致，就此打住，此选项错误。
3. 第三步：如果句中出现两次以上相同的代词（e.g. it和its, they和their），则看这两个代词指代的是不是同一个先行词，如果是，则正确，不是则此选项错误。

说了那么些，可能还是比较抽象。举几个具体的列子，按照上面的步骤一步步来吧。

OG12Verb (2nd edition)-40. The Gorton Dodd bill requires that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks.
(A) that a bank disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from deposited checks
(B) a bank to disclose to their customers how long they will delay access to funds from a deposited check
(C) that a bank disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from deposited checks
(D) a bank that it should disclose to its customers how long it will delay access to funds from a deposited check
(E) that banks disclose to customers how long access to funds from their deposited check is to be delayed

注意：划线部分的代词有their, they.
看原句
1. 看有没有唯一的逻辑先行词：their唯一在逻辑上对应的先行词是a bank；they的逻辑先行词是a bank。继续。
2. 看代词和逻辑先行词是不是单复一致：their和a bank不一致；they和a bank也不一致。就此打住，此选项错误。

看正确选项：
1. 看有没有唯一的逻辑先行词：its有唯一逻辑先行词a bank；it有唯一逻辑先行词a bank。继续。
2. 看代词和逻辑先行词是不是单复一致： its和a bank一致；it和a bank一致。继续。
3. 句中出现了两次相同的代词：its和it，都是指代同一先行词，a bank。此选项正确。

OG12-22. Japanese researchers are producing a series of robots that can identify human facial expressions, to which they will then respond; their goal is primarily creating a robot that will empathize with us.
A. expressions, to which they will then respond; their goal is primarily creating
B. expressions, then responding to them; primarily to create
C. expressions and then respond to them; the researchers' primary goal is to create
D. expressions as well as giving a response to them; their primary goal is creation of
E. expressions and responding to them; primarily, the researchers' goal is creating

注意：划线部分的代词有they, their.
看原句：
1. 看有没有唯一的逻辑先行词：they有唯一的逻辑先行词robots, researchers逻辑上不通；their有唯一的逻辑先行词researchers。继续。
2. 看代词和逻辑先行词是不是单复一致：they和robots一致；their和researchers一致。继续。
3. 句中出现了两次相同的代词：they和their不是指代同一个先行词。此选项错误。

正确的选项按照同样的步骤就可以判断出来。

OG12Verb (2nd edition)-29. According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.
(A) so that it was the lowest in two years
(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate
(C) to what would be the lowest in two years
(D) to a two-year low level
(E) to the lowest level in two years

注意：划线部分有代词it.
原句：
1. 看有没有唯一的逻辑先行词：看起来it这里有两个逻辑先行词啊，既可以是decrease, 也可以是unemployment。两个在逻辑上都说得通。既然不是唯一的，那就打住吧，此选项错误。

但是，假如是下面这个例子中出现的情况呢。
OG12-23. In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in fl ight and resulting in longer throws.
(A) In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center, but now it is
(B) According to a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition was concentrated in a metal center, but now it is
(C) Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now
(D) The discus used in track competition, once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, but now
(E) The discus used in track competition was once designed having its weight concentrated in a metal center and now

是不是按照那三个步骤的话，AB中的it用法就是正确的呢？
1. it有唯一的逻辑先行词discus。
2. it和discus单复数一致。
3. 划线部分只有it一个代词。

但是，原句根本不需要我们做到判断it，在读到the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center的时候我们就应该知道此选项错误了。不是weight is concentrated in a metal center，而是discus concentrated in a metal center. 所以此句在meaning上就错误，这是Manhattan的第二章（Grammar, meaning, concision)中提到的，meaning是语法题的基础。

同样类型的题还有
OG13-105. Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation: instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
(A) Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is
(B) Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is
(C) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
(D) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become
(E) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

原句中的conception was a substitute for the telephone逻辑上就不通了，应该是radio was a substitute for the telephone。所以在meaning上就出错了，根本就用不着去判断划线中的代词it是否有正确指代radio或者是telephone了。

那再来看看正确的C选项呢。
1. it有唯一的逻辑主语radio。那是不是因为it要优先指代radio而不是telephone呢？不是，是因为从逻辑上讲是radio，Marconi认为radio是private conversation的工具，而实际上radio是public communication的工具。从逻辑上讲it只能指代唯一先行词radio。继续。
2. it和radio单复一致。继续。
3. 句中只出现了一次it，不存在指代不一致。C为正确选项。

说了这么多，我觉得关键的关键还是要读懂题，就是大牛们说的SC的题也是在考逻辑！！当然这也不是代词题型的所有总结，还有很多很多的情况，需要我们根据实际情况来判断。

希望各位拍砖参与讨论，如果有找到题型用以上步骤不能做出的话，也发上来大家一起讨论啊！

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2013-2-28 18:05
umm

算是蛮好的总结

但是关于it和its是不是精确指代同一先行词这类问题，感觉GMAT SC是有出过岔子的，正确句子中出现过it和its并不是指代同一个名词的情况~

anyway多谢卤煮分享

我还是觉得做出了split再考虑，没做出就啥都别想，默认最符合逻辑的就是了

pronoun ambiguity 和verb tense我向来都不主张是作为最为优先的split

除非你拿到的SC明显的就是考这两个考点，那就没办法了~

作者: mamaliang 时间: 2013-2-28 22:45

umm

算是蛮好的总结

但是关于it和its是不是精确指代同一先行词这类问题，感觉GMAT SC是有出过岔子的，正确句子中出现过it和its并不是指代同一个名词的情况~

anyway多谢卤煮分享

我还是觉得做出了split再考虑，没做出就啥都别想，默认最符合逻辑的就是了

pronoun ambiguity 和verb tense我向来都不主张是作为最为优先的split

除非你拿到的SC明显的就是考这两个考点，那就没办法了~

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2013/2/28 18:05:51)

嗯嗯，关于it和its不是指代同一先行词的题我也看到过，现在暂时找不到。感觉如果是很明显的代词指代的题，按照那三步的话，相同代词是不是指代同一先行词也应该是最后一步的判断。不过我也感觉GMAT比较少的题是专门考代词指代的，就按DUKB说的先做split吧。

作者: baibai0002001 时间: 2013-6-5 23:56
“但是，原句根本不需要我们做到判断it，在读到the weight of the discus used in track competition is concentrated in a metal center的时候我们就应该知道此选项错误了。不是weight is concentrated in a metal center，而是discus concentrated in a metal center. 所以此句在meaning上就错误，这是Manhattan的第二章（Grammar, meaning, concision)中提到的，meaning是语法题的基础。”这个有问题吧只有weight 才能concentrated in a metal center， discus 怎么能concentrated？这里是it的指代错误

作者: Jeason123 时间: 2014-5-22 10:34

baibai0002001 发表于 2013-6-5 23:56
“但是，原句根本不需要我们做到判断it，在读到the weight of the discus used in track competition is co ...

这里的it为嘛会指代错误呢，按照meaning 理解逻辑先行词应该不会是其他词的啊，除了discus;anyway, 我同意你说的楼主上面的理解绝对错了。

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