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标题: 关于prep对于夹心修饰的解释！困惑啊 [打印本页]

作者: zhuang8825 时间: 2013-1-6 14:01
标题: 关于prep对于夹心修饰的解释！困惑啊
我看了很多帖子，都引用了prep对于夹心修饰的说法，但是实际上我并没有理解这段话的意思。

prep08说：
关于夹心修饰 (by aeoluseros)：
所以歧义修饰，是因为引发了不同的理解，而并不是语法上是否会有不同的修饰，所谓夹心修饰也是这个原则。很多人对“夹心修饰”都有过一个误解，认为S, v-ing, V. + O.结构中，v-ing既可以往前修饰S，也可以往后修饰V就是夹心，而实际上夹心并不是“可以往前修饰S，也可以往后修饰V” 。在S, v-ing, V. + O.这样的表达中，v-ing约定俗成只伴随修饰动词，（重点！！）见下例：
prep 2-104 The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on climate and altitude, is able to produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.
这个句子里depending不能改为dependent，因为depending和dependent的区别在于，前者伴随修饰谓语动词is able to produce，后者则是修饰名词single tree，会造成逻辑上不对 —— “一棵树依靠它的size”。

这段话说，而实际上夹心并不是“可以往前修饰S，也可以往后修饰V”，那么到底什么是夹心它并没有说明，因为从这段话来理解好像表达的意思是S, v-ing, V. + O.中v-ing只伴随动词，并不存在夹心修饰的错误。

所以我到现在还没搞懂什么是夹心。。。

作者: zhuang8825 时间: 2013-1-6 23:57
自己顶。。难道没人对这段话有疑惑吗= =，不应该啊。。

作者: 1369179610 时间: 2013-1-7 10:14
标题: 回复~~~
夹心修饰——夹在句子中间的容易导致歧义的修饰
辨别方法：

1.S,v+ing..., V+O... 句式中现代分词短语约定俗成只修饰V，不修饰主语，因此没有歧义，不是夹心修饰。
例：
prep 2-104 The yield（主语1） per acre of coffee berries varies（谓语1） enormously, because a single tree（从句中的主语2）, depending on its size and on climate and altitude,（修饰produce，不修饰tree，因此没有歧义，即不是夹心修饰） is able to produce（谓语2） enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a year.
【翻】每英亩产出的咖啡果量差异巨大，因为单株（咖啡）树，能生产足量的咖啡果以做成每年1至12磅的干果，（生产）有赖于它的大小所处的气候和海拔。
若将depending 换成dependent 则中间的修饰语修饰的是树，不是produce，逻辑不通。

例2：OG13-106 Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission,is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
这个句子是错误的，但是错误的原因并非是因为夹心修饰（即歧义句），而是状语使用错误，如果having...短语没有用错，按照约定俗成的原则，它要修饰V，也就是应该修饰developed...短语。但是这样一来意思就说不通了。(*这里衍生出另一个原则，修饰短语不能连续出现，理由是让读者产生定位主语的困难)
下面是正确的句子，正确的句子并没有使用having...短语来修饰emission，而是使用which引导的定语从句。

106. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.

2.以下这个句子就是夹心修饰，即有修饰歧义的句子
例：
Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights,a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights,a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

若with短语修饰后半句：
【翻】不像飞船，空间站由于将足够的能量都给了它们的（这个它们就不知道是谁了，但不是飞船）短途飞行，所以只能自己再生产能量了。

Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, with sufficient enough power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights

若with 修饰前半句：
【翻】不像有充足能源的飞船，空间站要自己生产能量。

总结：夹在句子中间的修饰：如果是V+ing 短语不会有歧义，因为一定修饰v。
如果是介词短语（比如with引导的介词短语），则会出现修饰中心词语不明的歧义。

ps：你也在做语法呀~~那我们是战友了，只是我进度没你快，我目前在做og语法。

作者: kiwifoodtown 时间: 2013-1-7 10:42
你把它理解为状语就明白了。

作者: zhuang8825 时间: 2013-1-8 01:08
标题: 回复1369179610
我是不是能理解为夹心修饰错误一般是状语位置的错误，状语放在句子中间可以修饰前也可以修饰后？大部分情况下放在句末和句尾比较好？

可是你看我发的另一个帖子，http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-795052-1-1.html，版主DUKB24回复我的是S，-ing，VO中的-ing一定修饰的是S，我觉得这个说法也对。就拿你举的例子来说，Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission,is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.我认为的错误是having会错误修饰pollutants，因为距离pollutants，而距离要修饰的名词emission太遥远；而且如果这个错误中的having换成其他的过去分词，肯定第一反映就是名词修饰错误。你觉得呢？

另外刚刚搜索了以下prep中，更明确了我的想法
prep08：当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1)修饰前面紧邻的名词,2)向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1)用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2)可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179

作者: 1369179610 时间: 2013-1-8 02:20
我觉得你讲的也很清楚~~我的观点出自你的那段材料，我觉得你这么理解也很有道理~~

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2013-1-8 11:08

你把它理解为状语就明白了。

-- by 会员 kiwifoodtown (2013/1/7 10:42:58)

一语道破

能力提升立竿见影啊

作者: kiwifoodtown 时间: 2013-1-8 12:03

你把它理解为状语就明白了。

-- by 会员 kiwifoodtown (2013/1/7 10:42:58)

一语道破

能力提升立竿见影啊

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2013/1/8 11:08:29)

被版主夸，实在是荣幸。

作者: 月下依恋33 时间: 2013-9-2 11:26

1369179610 发表于 2013-1-7 10:14
夹心修饰——夹在句子中间的容易导致歧义的修饰辨别方法：1.S,v+ing..., V+O... 句式中现代分词短语约定俗 ...

看了你说的也很有道理
可是在主系表结构里不存在伴随状语的情况所以depending 不是应该修饰前面的主语tree 吗

作者: blossom1118 时间: 2014-1-9 12:43
请教，谢谢谢谢  如果按楼主的说法，那么gwd3-q22中
On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

A. On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crime punishable  by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
B. With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
C. A law passed in 1933 that made it  a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding
D. Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
E. Due to a law being  passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
A选项中的making这个短语就是修饰前面pass的那么这句话就没有歧义了，那A选项错在哪呢

作者: Lemonwangchris 时间: 2014-8-18 19:08
写的很好赞

作者: fyang666666 时间: 2015-7-26 10:54

1369179610 发表于 2013-1-7 10:14
夹心修饰——夹在句子中间的容易导致歧义的修饰辨别方法：1.S,v+ing..., V+O... 句式中现代分词短语约定俗 ...

问下哇，你举的例子例2，这句话的谓语不是应该是is finding嘛？所以having the ability to analyze为什么不是修饰 is finding 而是修饰develop呢，developed 应该是done结构修饰主语把

作者: zhumingiapple 时间: 2015-8-19 20:56
我和你有一模一样的疑问

作者: 姜姜0525 时间: 2016-1-14 14:47

blossom1118 发表于 2014-1-9 12:43
请教，谢谢谢谢如果按楼主的说法，那么gwd3-q22中
On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a cri ...

a crime for 用错介词排除AB
ron神的话：
the dreaded "because of X VERBing..." construction.

this construction is incorrect if the causal agent (i.e., the thing that the "because" is attributed to) is the VERB.

for instance,

* we laughed all day because of tony walking into the girls' bathroom --> incorrect, because the verb (walking into the bathroom) is the reason why we were laughing all day.
the correct version of this sentence would read we laughed all day because of tony's walking into the girls' bathroom. in other words, if the causal agent is the action (which appears in -ing form), then it must be preceded by a possessive.

* estelle was afraid to move because of a spider sitting on the wall --> correct, because estelle is afraid because of the spider itself, not because of the spider's sitting on the wall.

this sentence should be read as an instance of the latter: it's the law itself that caused the immigrants' problems.

作者: Alfred770 时间: 2016-9-11 15:06
The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously, 【because a single tree, （depending on its size and on climate and altitude）】
这句话分析一下，because a single tree可以看做是The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously的解释原因，【because a single tree, （depending on its size and on climate and altitude=单棵树的size, climate,altitude也可以看做是The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously原因。
是有歧义的。

作者: Jupiter1994 时间: 2016-9-26 13:28
Mark一下！

作者: 杀鸡啦 时间: 2017-4-2 09:54

zhuang8825 发表于 2013-1-8 01:08
我是不是能理解为夹心修饰错误一般是状语位置的错误，状语放在句子中间可以修饰前也可以修饰后？大部分情况 ...

同意！

作者: Raycyn 时间: 2017-5-21 18:33

1369179610 发表于 2013-1-7 10:14
夹心修饰——夹在句子中间的容易导致歧义的修饰辨别方法：1.S,v+ing..., V+O... 句式中现代分词短语约定俗 ...

同意！

作者: gemmarong 时间: 2018-6-17 19:37
隔了这么多年了，不知道再回帖有多少人能看到。。二楼说的很对，v+ing大多数时候修饰动作，修饰名词的时候无逗号，所谓夹心修饰其实是，应该是结构上修饰某成分，但内容上却修饰了另一成分。
举例：OG18-780
Unlike the automobile company, whose research was based on crashes involving sport utility vehicles, the research conducted by the insurance company took into account such factors as a driver`s age, sex, and previous driving record .
A company, whose research was based on
B company, which researched
C company, in its research of
D company’s research, having been based on
E company’s research on
答案选E，想说一下D，having been based on是having done，结构上应该修饰后面动词took，但从语义上却修饰了the automobile company，故夹心修饰错误。

作者: jujubee 时间: 2018-8-2 19:48

gemmarong 发表于 2018-6-17 19:37
隔了这么多年了，不知道再回帖有多少人能看到。。二楼说的很对，v+ing大多数时候修饰动作，修饰名词的时候 ...

同意！

作者: batgirl1441 时间: 2018-9-6 21:15
讲的真好，这里补充一个OG17 787
Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.
(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,
(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter
(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations
(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

A的错误就是 ”S, Ving +V O“，coordinating 语法上作为状语讲对capitaliize on，但距离illusion挨的太近，而且 them从意义上又向前指代sllustrations，又容易让人误解coordinating 是在修饰illustration，ving修饰出现了歧义，从而出现夹心修饰。正确答案C就好多，直接用定语从句解释；

看了前面例子，发现ving出现夹心修饰引起歧义多出现在以下情况：

某物/某人因具有某种特性（背景），在此背景下而发生了某种情况（主句内容）。某种特性（背景）用 ving描述，那么就会产生ving 到底修饰某物/某人（意义上向前修饰），还是直接对某种情况产生有联系（语法向后指修饰谓语）。

作者: heathrine 时间: 2019-6-3 09:54

gemmarong 发表于 2018-6-17 19:37
隔了这么多年了，不知道再回帖有多少人能看到。。二楼说的很对，v+ing大多数时候修饰动作，修饰名词的时候 ...

我觉得还是因为having been done 这个结构本身就不能作定语修饰前面的research啊

作者: lisa001 时间: 2019-7-16 17:15

gemmarong 发表于 2018-6-17 19:37
隔了这么多年了，不知道再回帖有多少人能看到。。二楼说的很对，v+ing大多数时候修饰动作，修饰名词的时候 ...

感谢，我也认为夹心修饰是：语法（结构）上指向的对象和语意指向的对象不一样，而造成的歧义。
但正如你回复所说的，没有逗号时修饰前面的名词，那在D这里为什么会解释having been based on修饰company。。。如果这是所说的小数，那么什么情况下算小数？

我也选E，我从语意上分析的：如果选D，逻辑主语是the research conducted by....，显然这个research不是车企做的那个，语意上矛盾，排除。

插播下，句首是unlike后接的内容要自动平行，直接排除了A,B,C

作者: zxinlun 时间: 2019-8-19 19:00

lisa001 发表于 2019-7-16 17:15
感谢，我也认为夹心修饰是：语法（结构）上指向的对象和语意指向的对象不一样，而造成的歧义。
但正如你 ...

“，ving”修饰后面的动作，D中，having been done 则是在修饰后面的动作took。而took的发起者是the research conducted by the【insurance】 company，所以这个having been done 其实在修饰保险公司的调查而非汽车公司的。
“，ving” 作为adverbial modifier修饰主句中动词的时候，有一个前提是：该ving的动作和主句中的动词要是同一个主语发起的。
但是，按照意思直接理解也成立。

作者: lisa001 时间: 2019-8-21 19:52

zxinlun 发表于 2019-08-19 19:00:08

谢谢回复我已经搞明白了其实就是作定语还是状语的问题。gmat的语法就是这样有自己的规律。

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